From “Conflict” to “Conjugation”: Path for Collaborative Management and Control of Ecological and Agricultural Spaces in Urban Agglomeration
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ZHAI Duanqiang, Ph.D., is a postdoctoral researcher in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP), Tongji University, an associate research fellow in Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning & Design Institute Co., Ltd., and a member of the Key Laboratory of Spatial Intelligent Planning Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources. His research focuses on territorial spatial governance |
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ZHUO Jian, Ph.D., is a professor, doctoral supervisor, and director of the Department of Urban Planning, College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP), Tongji University, and a member of the Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat, Ministry of Education. His research focuses on territorial spatial governance |
Received date: 2023-10-18
Revised date: 2024-05-24
Online published: 2025-12-17
Copyright
The construction of ecological civilization in China provides spatial security for the protection and development of the national territory. In the current efforts in territorial spatial planning, it is a key focus and consensus to actively implement the principles of prioritizing ecological space protection and strictly adhering to the red line of arable land protection, comprehensively optimize the spatial management of land development and utilization, and form a coordinated development pattern of ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space. In the context of a new era of rational ecological planning paradigms, this research notes that the control measures for ecological space and agricultural space are fundamentally similar. The red line for ecological protection and that for basic farmland protection have become critical tools in curbing the disorderly expansion of urban spaces. However, the management of ecological and agricultural spaces is essentially two sides of the same coin. The logical consistency in the management and control of ecological space and that of agricultural space entails the collaboration of the both sides, ultimately achieving “conjugate” management and control. Therefore, appropriately resolving spatial conflicts and transforming them into flexible management spaces to achieve conjugate management and control is a key task for the next phase of collaborative management and control of ecological and agricultural spaces. This is also significant for deepening the understanding of the conjugation effects of the management and control of ecological and agricultural spaces. By identifying the characteristics of spatial conflicts in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, this research aims to reveal the logical relationships in and methods for the collaborative management and control of ecological and agricultural spaces in urban agglomerations. This will help realize the elastic constraint on urban spaces by ecological and agricultural spaces.
This research focuses on the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Based on the evaluation of the importance of ecological protection, the suitability of agricultural production, and the suitability of urban construction in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, ArcGIS spatial overlay analysis is used to obtain the characteristics of spatial conflicts in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. First, a foundational database is constructed using diverse data sources, including geospatial and land use data, as well as basic planning and demographic and economic data, followed by preprocessing of various types of data. Second, the evaluation and scoring of various single factors are completed by referring to the specific processes of factor selection, factor grading, factor weighting, and result revision in the Technical Guidelines for the Evaluation of the Carrying Capacity of Resources and the Environment and the Suitability of Territorial Spatial Development. Then, spatial overlay analysis is conducted on each single-factor analysis map using relevant mathematical models, respectively obtaining the comprehensive evaluation results of ecological protection importance (9 single factors), agricultural production suitability (8 single factors), and urban construction suitability (13 single factors) in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. Finally, the evaluation results are graded and spatially merged and overlaid, with similar spatial overlay results being combined to obtain comprehensive spatial conflict identification results, based on which the distribution of different advantage zones and conflict types is summarized.
The spatial merging and overlaying of the three evaluation grading results produces 27 spatial combination types. According to the principle that “the higher the suitability grade of different evaluations, the higher the conflict level”, six types of advantage and conflict zones are summarized and organized: Ecological space advantage zone, agricultural space advantage zone, urban space advantage zone, low conflict zone, medium conflict zone, and high conflict zone, with four levels of control zones and implementation paths being further detailed. In terms of advantage zones, the agricultural space advantage zones are mainly distributed in the central east-west and northeastern belt areas of the Yangtze River Delta, with a total area of 41,805.40 km², accounting for 18.59% of the total area of local advantage and conflict zones, a relatively low overall proportion, reflecting the insufficient protection of basic farmland in China; the ecological space advantage zones are mainly concentrated in the southwestern area of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, with a total area of 32,265.66 km², accounting for 14.34%; the ecological space advantage zone is seldom seen in the central and northern areas of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration; the urban construction space advantage zones are mainly concentrated in the central and northern areas with convenient transportation and well-developed infrastructure, occupying the largest area among all types of advantage zones, with a total area of 54,775.77 km², accounting for 24.38%. In terms of conflict zones, low conflict zones are scattered in the central and southern areas of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, being the largest type of conflict zone with a total area of 28,084.22 km², accounting for 12.49%; medium conflict zones are mainly distributed at the boundaries between ecological space, agricultural space, and urban space, threatening existing ecological protection areas, with a total area of 26,829.27 km², accounting for 11.97%; high conflict zones are mainly scattered around rivers, lakes, and mountain areas adjacent to urban space advantage zones, most vulnerable to human development activities. The total area of high conflict zones is 16,645.80 km², accounting for 7.39%, making it the smallest type of conflict zone.
Based on the results of spatial conflict identification in the Yangtze River Delta region, this research innovatively proposes a reverse thinking approach of “identifying spatial conflicts − subdividing conflict functions − implementing graded control” and presents a framework for the implementation of collaborative management and control of regional ecological and agricultural spaces. This includes five main components: Mechanisms of spatial conflict causation, distribution patterns of spatial conflicts, subdivision of spatial conflict functions, extraction of subdivision results classification, and dynamic feedback of the management and control system. Additionally, this research further clarifies the application paths for collaborative management and control of different spatial conflict zones under “parallel conjugation” and “integrated conjugation” through a framework for collaborative management and control of regional ecological and agricultural spaces based on the conjugation effect. The research creatively proposes a zonal management and control approach of “rigid constraint and flexible integration”, which can, by delineating rigid management and control areas, ensure the baseline protection of regional ecological and agricultural spaces, help implement the top-level strategic goals of regional development for ecological pattern protection and food security assurance. For areas where spatial conflicts and functional overlaps arise from the utilization demands of various spaces within the region, flexible integration development zones are delineated to guide land functions and formulate differentiated control rules within the zones. This approach appropriately balances “protection” and “development” to serve the multiple demands of ecological protection, agricultural production, and urban development in the process of land development. This research effectively meets the requirements of integrative, systematic, differentiated, and dynamic control of spatial management in urban agglomerations, aiming to establish a consistent logic for the management and control of ecological, agricultural, and urban spaces.
Duanqiang ZHAI , Jian ZHUO . From “Conflict” to “Conjugation”: Path for Collaborative Management and Control of Ecological and Agricultural Spaces in Urban Agglomeration[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2024 , 31(7) : 76 -83 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202310180472
图3 长三角城市群生态保护重要性单因子、过程评价图Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of single-factor and process evaluation of the importance of ecological protection in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration |
图4 长三角城市群农业生产适宜性单因子、过程评价图Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of single-factor and process evaluation of the suitability of agricultural production in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration |
图6 长三角城市群生态保护重要性、城镇建设适宜性、农业生产适宜性评价Fig. 6 Evaluation diagram of the importance of ecological protection, suitability of urban construction, and suitability of agricultural production in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration |
表1 长三角城市群6 种空间类型及空间组合划分情况Tab. 1 Division of 6 types of spatial types and spatial combinations in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration |
| 空间类型 | 空间组合方式 |
| 注:A、E、U分别代表农业空间、生态空间、城镇空间,1~3代表重要性和适宜性依次升高。水域不参加空间类型及空间组合划分。合并规则:1)A、E、U中其中某项评级高于其他2项,即为某项优势区;2)A、U均为人工规划景观,经人工协调,两者冲突等级较低,冲突等级取决于A-E、E-U的冲突等级。 | |
| 生态空间优势区 | A1-E2-U1、A2-E3-U1、A2-E3-U2、A1-E3-U1、A1-E3-U2 |
| 农业空间优势区 | A3-E1-U2、A3-E1-U1、A2-E1-U1、A3-E2-U2、A3-E2-U1、A3-E2-U3 |
| 城镇空间优势区 | A2-E1-U3、A2-E2-U3、A1-E1-U3、A1-E2-U3、A1-E1-U2 |
| 低冲突区 | A3-E1-U3、A2-E1-U2、A1-E1-U1 |
| 中冲突区 | A2-E2-U2、A2-E2-U1、A1-E2-U2 |
| 高冲突区 | A3-E3-U3、A2-E3-U3、A3-E3-U2、A3-E3-U1、A1-E3-U3 |
图8 空间冲突识别视角下长三角城市群生态、农业空间管控分区Fig. 8 Division of management and control zones of ecological and agricultural spaces from the perspective of spatial conflict identification in the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration |
表2 “共轭效应”下的协同管控路径Tab. 2 Path for collaborative management and control under the conjugation effect |
| 思路类型 | 空间类型 | 管控分区类型 | 管控路径 | 机制示 意图 |
| 注:“共轭机制”示意图中的生态空间与农业空间规模效益的高低只是示意相对含义,并不指代两者实际高低程度。 | ||||
| 平行共轭 | 优势区 | 生态空间一级 管控区 | 严禁城镇化建设、农业生产、资源开发等活动,严守国土空间生态环节底线,确保生态结构不受损、自然生态面积不减少、生态功能不降低 | ① |
| 农业空间一级 管控区 | 严禁各类非农建设、占用永久基本农田活动,严格控制非农专用用地,提倡进行土地质量提升和标准农田建设活动不得破坏荒芜区内基本农田 | |||
| 冲突区 | 生态空间二级 管控区 | 原则上限制各类城镇建设、农业生产、资源开发等活动,确有需要建设开发的活动,需经严格评估、审批、备案,最大程度减少对自然生态的干扰,可以进行少量的重大城市服务设施建设和风景名胜区等旅游开发活动 | ② | |
| 农业空间二级 管控区 | 区内活动兼顾农业生产和农民生活,除农民宅基地及必要乡村公共基础设施建设之外,严格控制非农专用用地,原则上禁止其他类型开发活动,通过约束性指标对区内建设活动进行严格管控,严控突破用地边界建设农民住宅的行为 | |||
| 融合共轭 | 冲突区 | 生态空间三级 管控区 | 在不改变自然生态原有地形地貌的前提下,允许部分低强度城镇开发、农业生产和生态基础服务设施建设,并明确其约束性指标 | ③ |
| 农业空间三级 管控区 | 传承并保护具有传统风貌保护价值的区域,进行建筑高度与形态管控,建设具备风景观赏、休憩、文化、旅游等功能的特色乡村景观区域 | |||
| 生态空间四级 管控区 | 提倡生态空间溶解于城市绿地系统与乡村发展区,渗透于街巷社区,构建多层级城镇、乡村内部生态空间网络,结合引导性指标,进行建筑高度、形态管控,打造水绿交织基本格局,共同构成城镇、乡村发展基底 | ④ | ||
| 农业空间四级 管控区 | 重点进行农村居民点建设,条件允许的情况下,基础公共服务设施可与城镇衔接发展。因地制宜地发展乡村产业,明确产业类型准入清单,鼓励乡村产业用地布局整理,形成规模化布局,振兴乡村经济 | |||
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