Currently, global urban-rural development is undergoing a paradigm shift from unidirectional urbanization to the bi-directional flow of factors between urban and rural areas. Driven by the Rural Revitalization Strategy, the trend of youth-to-rural migration continues to strengthen, yet academia still lacks a systematic explanation of the mechanisms underlying this behavior. Employing the "Information-Motivation-Behavior" (IMB) model as a theoretical framework, this study empirically investigates the behavioral logic of the youth migrating to the rural areas, drawing on survey data from 1282 respondents across 27 provincial-level regions in China between 2023 and 2025. Findings indicate that youth-to-rural migration follows a systematic pathway of "information stimulation-motivation reconstruction-behavioral selection", rather than isolated individual decisions. Regarding the information dimension, endogenous information exerts a significant negative influence on motivation but positively impacts behavioral conversion; exogenous information strongly stimulates migration motivation yet carries risks of mismatch with real-world scenarios, with awareness of rural policy systems demonstrating the most pronounced incentive effect. The motivational structure is characterized by "life rationality outweighing instrumental rationality", where life-oriented motivations (e.g., family companionship, ecological environment) significantly outweigh work-oriented motivations (e.g., job seeking). Furthermore, clear and stable motivations serve as key factors in transforming intention into actual behavior. Accordingly, this research proposes governance strategies to support and encourage youth migration to rural areas across three dimensions: optimizing information supply, enhancing rural living quality, and broadening local development pathways. This study provides theoretical foundations and practical references for facilitating two-way flows of urban-rural factors and strengthening talent support for rural revitalization.

As one of the earliest and most severely aging regions in China, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) exhibits a prominent spatial mismatch between population aging and pension resources. Using population and socio-economic data from 41 cities in the YRD for 2010 and 2020, this paper applies the spatial mismatch model to analyze the evolution of the spatial mismatch between population aging and pension resources, identifies city-level development patterns, and employs the optimal parameter-based geographical detector to reveal changes in the driving mechanisms underlying this mismatch. The results show that: (1) The population aging degree and the level of pension resources in the study area are on the rise, with the population aging increasing far faster than the pension resources. The population aging level is relatively high in Eastern Jiangsu province and Southern Anhui province. High-level pension resources are concentrated in developed cities such as Shanghai, Hangzhou and Nanjing, while third- and fourth-tier cities have lower levels. (2) The spatial mismatch in the region is evident, showing a pattern of "positive mismatch-positive and negative alternation-negative mismatch" from northwest to southeast. The number of cities with severe mismatch (experiencing a severe surplus or severe shortage of pension resources) and moderate mismatch (experiencing a moderate surplus or moderate shortage of pension resources) has decreased, while the number of cities with slight mismatch (experiencing a slight surplus or slight shortage of pension resources) has increased. (3) The degree of spatial mismatch is jointly shaped by multiple factors and their interactions. Among these, the impact of demographic factors is gradually declining, while the influences of policy, economic, and social factors are increasing significantly. The explanatory power of both the elderly dependency ratio and per capita general public budget expenditure is enhanced when they interact with other factors. The study provides scientific evidence and policy reference for promoting the spatial coordinated development of population aging and pension resources in the YRD.

How institutional arrangements enable value co-creation in the ecological restoration of legacy abandoned mining areas through multi-stakeholder participation remain systematically under-researched. Grounded in value co-creation theory and Williamson's institutional framework, this study develops an analytical model comprising cultural values, the institutional environment, and governance structures. It then applies fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to 32 typical restoration cases in China to investigate the configurational effects of institutional elements such as public environmental awareness, stringency of environmental regulation, clarity of property rights, technological support, green finance, and public fiscal support. The study reveals that high value co-creation emerges from multiple institutional pathways, including a cognition-driven pathway with financial-fiscal synergy, a cognition-driven pathway with regulatory reinforcement, a fiscal-led pathway with cognitive-technological synergy, a technology-led pathway with financial support, and a dual-driven pathway of technology and regulation, thus demonstrating significant equifinality and contextual adaptation. Across these pathways, Across these pathways, institutional elements function as core and peripheral conditions, exhibiting both complementarity and functional substitutability. Based on these findings, the paper proposes legal safeguards in three areas: strengthening public participation and environmental information disclosure systems; improving property rights definition and environmental regulation regimes; and building fiscal, financial, and technological support mechanisms, thereby providing implications for institutional refinement and policy practice.

High-standard farmland construction is an effective measure to promote the transformation of agricultural production and operation modes and accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural nation. Based on survey data from 1,130 farming households in Shandong and Hebei provinces, this study employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Instrumental Variables (IV), and a moderating effect model to empirically analyze the triple farmland scale management effects of high-standard farmland construction from the systematic perspective of plot scale, management scale and contiguous scale. The research finds that: (1) High-standard farmland construction can expand plot size, increasing the average plot area per household by 31.8% and correspondingly reducing the number of plots by 1.431. (2) High-standard farmland construction can improve agricultural production efficiency, promote the scaling, standardization, and marketization of farmland transfer, thereby incentivizing farmers to expand their operational scale of farmland. (3) High-standard farmland construction facilitates specialized crop planting among farmers and encourages convergent planting in surrounding plots, thus effectively driving contiguous scale management. (4) The scale management effects are more pronounced for farmers with a junior high school education or above, those who have received agricultural technical training, those with larger initial contracted land areas, those who have completed land tenure confirmation, members of agricultural cooperatives, and those in plain areas or in Shandong. Regular maintenance of project facilities helps strengthen the triple farmland scale management effects of high-standard farmland construction.

In the context of the transformation of national spatial planning and the high-quality development of manufacturing industry, the intensive redevelopment of low-efficiency industrial land in urban areas has become a key path to break the constraints of land resources. The existing research lacks a systematic exploration of the governance mechanisms for "industrial to industrial" and multi-scale redevelopment in small and medium-sized cities. Based on the perspective of property rights reconstruction hierarchy, this article constructs an analytical framework of "resource allocation-governance mechanism-internal logic", and analyzes the adaptation mechanisms of property rights allocation and governance structure for three types of redevelopment: individual plots, integrated types, and contiguous redevelopment. Research has found that governance structures need to be adapted to the hierarchy of property rights restructuring, and transaction costs are the core parameter for structural selection. The intensity of government intervention increases with the increasing public nature of property rights. Taking Wenling city as a case study, the diversified models of independent transformation, joint development, and industrial real estate formed by it have verified that institutional innovation based on property rights governance can reduce transaction costs and promote collaborative participation. The research provides a theoretical framework and practical reference for the redevelopment of low-efficiency industrial land in urban areas, helping to achieve the synergy between an "effective market" and a "proactive government".

The "short-term project funding" model of rural human settlement governance often fails to achieve sustainable outcomes due to the disconnect between construction and maintenance, insufficient villager participation, and excessive reliance on external resources, making the establishment of a long-term governance mechanism imperative. This article takes four villages in Fujian as research subjects and, through multi-case comparison, systematically analyzes the practical mechanisms of rural human settlement governance under the new endogenous approach. The study finds that although the four villages developed different paths due to variations in resource endowments and governance starting points, they all broke away from external dependency by constructing an integrated framework of "subject activation-structure reconstruction-resource integration-institutional guarantee". This framework ensures governance sustainability through the activation of villager agency, reshaping of multi-stakeholder collaborative structures, creative transformation of resources, and institutional development integrating" three governance approaches", with the incorporation of digital technology and ecological capital further enhancing governance resilience. Therefore, systematic measures such as strengthening subject capacity building, optimizing collaborative governance structures, and establishing resource conversion and funding mechanisms are needed to enhance the resilience of the new endogenous governance. The research provides a theoretical framework and practical paradigm for the long-term governance of rural human settlements, echoing the core propositions of endogenous development and empowerment theory.

Global climate change poses a severe threat to the stable operation of energy systems by intensifying the frequency and intensity of natural disasters. Based on the hazard-disaster-emergency response system framework, this paper systematically elucidates the risk transmission mechanism of natural disasters to energy production and transmission/distribution systems under climate change and analyzes the differentiated threats to traditional energy, renewable energy, and grid networks. The research reveals a significant spatial overlap between China's energy infrastructure and high-risk zones for natural disasters, exposing systemic climatic vulnerabilities. Case studies of the 2021 Texas freeze, the 2021 Henan floods, and the 2022 European heatwave and drought further uncover new climate risks that exceed historical engineering design standards. In response, this paper constructs a three-dimensional defense framework integrating technology, space, and institutions. Technologically, it enhances systemic resilience through intelligent monitoring, risk assessment, and microgrid coordination. Spatially, it reduces risk exposure via layout optimization and regional synergy. Institutionally, it strengthens top-level governance through legal regulations and coordinated governance mechanisms. Finally, the paper identifies four critical research priorities: enhancing operational resilience under extreme climates, promoting cross-regional coordination for renewable energy, conducting comprehensive risk assessments for energy siting, and establishing security mechanisms addressing the confluence of climate and geopolitical risks. This study aims to provide a theoretical foundation for building a highly resilient energy system.

The path evolution of regional professional markets holds significant implications for achieving high-quality regional development. Taking Bozhou Herbal Chinese Medicine Professional Market as a case study, this study examines the evolution mechanism of regional professional markets in the context of a complex environment from the perspective of multiple actors, based on field interviews and survey data. Findings reveal that: (1) Local farmers, grassroots governments, management companies, and Kangmei Pharmaceutical emerged as pivotal actors at distinct stages. Through derivative, agglomeration, and coordination mechanisms, they respectively spearheaded three upgrade phases of Bozhou Herbal Chinese Medicine Professional Market. (2) The evolution process of regional professional markets is the result of the mutual influence, differentiation and competition, as well as the collaborative efforts of multiple actors such as key players and important participants, leading to the formation of interest alliances. (3) The evolution of Bozhou Herbal Chinese Medicine Professional Market reflects path dependence, essentially an iterative "creation-development and locking-unlocking" process shaped by the combined influence of diverse actors. (4) The innovative model of institutional restructuring and transformative development led by diverse s significantly influences regional specialized markets' ability to break negative path lock-in and create new paths. Finally, this study explores potential future path upgrade directions for Bozhou Herbal Chinese Medicine Professional Market.

Identifying suitable development areas for outdoor ski resorts and assessing climate change impacts are of great significance for promoting sustainable development of snow and ice tourism. Based on multi-source data including ski resort information obtained from the OpenSkiMap platform, this study employed GIS spatial analysis and the SkiSim 2.0 model to examine ski resorts in 15 typical regions of China. The research aimed to identify ski resort development areas that meet tourism industry standards, classify development potential types, simulate future climate change impacts on outdoor ski resorts, and identify different development patterns under climate change. The findings reveal that: (1) Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces h natural resource foundations capable of supporting large-scale ski resort cluster development, while the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Shanxi, and Inner Mongolia are suitable for medium-scale ski resort layouts, and Qinghai, Xinjiang, and Gansu have extensively distributed areas suitable for small-scale ski resort development. (2) Ski resort development potential zones can be classified into five categories: comprehensive advantage areas, resource-support advantage areas, resource-market advantage areas, support-market advantage areas, and comprehensive disadvantage areas. (3) Under future climate change impacts, ski resorts in North China and Central China will face substantially increased artificial snowmaking demands, while ski resort operations in Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, and Hebei will remain relatively stable. (4) Ski resorts located in areas with high population density and high climate exposure require prioritized risk prevention and control under climate change, while areas with high population density but low climate exposure, as well as those of high concern yet low exposure present key priority development targets. This research provides a scientific basis for enhancing climate adaptation capacity in ski tourism and optimizing industrial spatial layout.

The ski tourism industry exhibits increasing dependence on water and energy resources. This study utilizes an Environmental Extended Multi-regional Input-output (EE-MRIO) model and the Tapio decoupling model to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution of the water-energy footprints and economic decoupling effects of China's ski tourism industry in 2015, 2019, and 2023. The findings indicate that: (1) The national ski tourism water-energy footprint first increases and then declines. Spatially, the water footprint is predominantly concentrated in the Northwest, Northeast, and North China regions, alongside rapid growth in southern areas. Meanwhile, energy footprint exhibits destination-specific gradient expansion and source-region clustering. (2) From a sectoral linkage perspective, the water footprint displays structural characteristics of upstream sector concentration, differentiated core sectors, and external derivative sector penetration. The energy footprint is primarily driven by upstream and core sectors. (3) The spatial mismatch between supply and demand is evident, with the water-energy footprints creating a spatial flow pattern characterized by outward exports from East China and load-bearing in Northwest China. (4) The water footprint is predominantly characterized by strong decoupling, whereas the energy footprint exhibits weak decoupling. The water-energy footprints associated with ski tourism demonstrates spatial spillover effects and industry transmission characteristics, necessitating cross-regional responsibility sharing and hierarchical management of industrial chains to promote green transformation.

As ice and snow tourism resources become increasingly abundant, tourists' experiential demands have grown more diversified and sophisticated. However, existing studies remain limited in their systematic examination of the internal structure of ice and snow tourism experiences, as well as the differentiated characteristics among tourist groups. Guided by the event experience scale proposed by DeGeus et al. as the theoretical framework, this study constructs a multidimensional experience structure for ice and snow tourism. Quantitative data are extracted from user-generated online travel narratives related to ice and snow tourism. Cluster analysis and chi-square tests are employed to examine differences among tourist types in terms of individual characteristics and destination attributes of tourists. The results yield three main findings. First, the experience structure of ice and snow tourism comprises four core dimensions: physical engagement, affective engagement, cognitive engagement, and experiencing novelty. This structure highlights the embodied interaction between tourists and the ice and snow tourism context, underscoring the prominent role of bodily participation in shaping tourism experiences. Second, according to the experience structure, ice and snow tourists can be classified into six distinct types: novelty-seeking explorers, leisure and entertainment seekers, diversified experience seekers, body-mind immersion seekers, exploratory knowledge seekers, and emotion-cognition resonance seekers. Significant differences are observed among these tourist types with regard to gender distribution, tourist source, travel companions, and experience situation. These findings reveal pronounced heterogeneity within the ice and snow tourism market and demonstrate the necessity of differentiated experience design and management strategies. The study deepens the understanding of the mechanism of ice and snow tourism experience generation from an embodied perspective, and expands the application of event experience scale in tourism research. The findings also provide empirical evidence to inform ice and snow tourism product development, experience optimization, and market segmentation, offering valuable insights for achieving experience-oriented and high-quality development of ice and snow tourism destinations.

Driven by the "Southward Expansion, Westward Outreach, and Eastward Advancement" strategy, China's ice-snow tourism industry has developed rapidly, gradually transforming from a regional activity into a nationwide consumption hot spot. Short-video platforms, as a core arena for shaping its image and carrying out targeted promotion, present a north-south regional cultural divergence in user comments that urgently requires in-depth research. This study employs the Structural Topic Model (STM) to analyze 218656 ice-snow tourism video comments collected from TikTok, incorporating the north-south China as a covariate. A total of 15 topics are extracted and further clustered into four core dimensions: project experience, initial impression, emotional resonance and tourist perceived value. By integrating sentiment analysis and the likelihood of receiving likes, the study quantifies the differentiation patterns between northern and southern users across comment topics. The results indicate that: (1) In terms of thematic distribution, southern users concentrate more on the "emotional resonance" and "initial impression" dimensions, emphasizing perceptual experience, whereas northern users focus more on "tourist perceived value" and "project experience", reflecting a rational-critical orientation. (2) Regarding emotional expression, southern users exhibit a more positive overall sentiment; northern users show negative sentiment in the "tourist perceived value" dimension, yet display more positive sentiment in videos with emotional appeal and without voiceover. (3) In terms of dissemination effect, southern comments receive higher likelihood of being liked across all dimensions, suggesting that their expressive style is more likely to trigger broad emotional resonance. By dissecting the north-south divergence in ice-snow tourism comments, the research deepens the understanding of cross-regional cultural interactions and the negotiation of consumption values, offering valuable references for formulating image‑promotion strategies and coordinated regional cultural communication in ice-snow tourism.

In recent years, as ice and snow tourism has become more popular, large-scale indoor ski resorts have started to play an important role in snow-related leisure and consumption. Unlike outdoor ski destinations, which depend on natural conditions and seasons, indoor ski resorts provide a stable and fully controlled environment that allows skiing all the year round. However, most current research still focuses on outdoor ski resorts, while indoor ski resorts have received little academic attention. In particular, there has been little work on identifying and testing the key attributes of large-scale indoor ski resorts, which leaves a lack of systematic frameworks and measurement tools for this new type of destination. This study addresses the gap by using three large indoor ski resorts in Guangzhou, Wuhan, and Chengdu as case sites. Through empirical research, we developed a framework that includes six main dimensions: daily service management, snow trails, lifts and conveyor belts, instructors, surrounding facilities, and safety assurance. To test the framework, we built and examined an "attribute-experience-behavioral intention" path model. The results show that these six dimensions can effectively predict visitors' experiences, such as physical experience, positive emotions, immersive feelings, and overall satisfaction, as well as their future intentions to revisit and recommend the resort. The study makes contributions in several ways. First, it expands destination attribute theory to artificial and highly controlled environments, which broadens its application beyond natural settings. Second, it provides a clear and tested measurement tool that future research can use in different skiing contexts. Third, it gives useful insights for practice. The results suggest that operators should focus on the quality of snow trails, the efficiency and safety of lifts and conveyor belts, and strong safety systems. At the same time, well-trained instructors and good surrounding facilities are also essential. In addition, managers should design differentiated service strategies for visitors with varying skill levels, so as to enhance experiences and increase satisfaction. This study identifies the core attributes of large-scale indoor ski resorts and reveals how these attributes shape visitors' experiences and behavioral intentions. The results not only contribute to the growing literature on ski tourism in artificial environments but also provide direct guidance for improving the management and services of indoor ski resorts.

China's rural revitalization strategy has entered a new stage aimed at achieving comprehensive revitalization. Enhancing the value of rural territorial space and constructing a corresponding governance system have become crucial measures and key issues in advancing the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. To this end, experts and scholars from various fields have been specially invited to discuss policies, theories, practices, measures, and trends concerning the enhancement of rural territorial spatial value, planning and design, and systematic governance. Based on their viewpoints, three key issues can be distilled. (1) By leveraging the unique agricultural, ecological, and cultural resources of rural areas, the synergistic potential of rural territorial space value and governance can be fully realized. A diversified and integrated rural territorial space value system should be established, and pathways for the organic unification of its value realization and enhancement should be explored. (2) Experts have identified integrated urban-rural development as a key lever to clarify the interactive relationship between rural spatial planning and governance. Through systematic design and the unlocking of rural spatial value potential, a governance system has been established to ensure the realization of these values. (3) The advanced experience in enhancing the value and governance of rural territorial space in metropolitan suburbs should be promoted in accordance with local conditions, and focused attention should be given to the value realization mechanisms of critical land use types in rural areas. In addition, innovative practices for the transformation and development of metropolitan service-oriented, traditional cultural, nature conservation, and agricultural industry-oriented villages should be explored. Finally, this paper calls upon experts from diverse fields to jointly advance research on an autonomous knowledge system for Chinese rural modernization, thereby contributing insights to global rural development theory and practice.

In the process of building a Chinese path to modernization that emphasizes harmony between humans and nature, wildlife-induced damage has emerged as a pressing challenge. Based on 1666 household survey samples collected in Yunnan province during 2023-2024, this study employs the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to systematically analyze the impacts of wildlife damage on farmers' adaptive behavioral choices and the mechanisms of production factor reallocation. The results show that: (1) wildlife damage promotes farmers' adaptive behavioral responses, leading to marginal adjustments in cropping structure; (2) by altering the allocation of production factors, wildlife damage indirectly inhibits the optimization of cropping structure; and (3) small-scale farmers, those with low investment in protective measures, and those experiencing lower loss levels, are more likely to adjust their cropping structure to cope with wildlife risks. This study reveals the decision-making logic of limited adaptive responses, in which farmers tend to downscale production rather than transform agricultural systems under wildlife-induced risk. The findings provide micro-level evidence for achieving both ecological conservation and sustainable rural development.

The imminent shortage of copper may hinder the global transition towards clean energy and digital infrastructure. Based on the global copper resource trade data from 2000 to 2023, this study uses complex network analysis techniques and QAP analysis methods to explore the evolution path of the global copper resource trade network over time, the dynamic changes in node roles, and the driving mechanisms of network structure mutations. The results indicate that: (1) The participating countries and trade volume of global copper resource trade are showing an expanding trend, which has led to a continuous increase in the complexity of the trade network. (2) The core-periphery structural characteristics of the global copper resource trade network are significant, with a few core countries playing a leading role. (3) Three community structures have been identified in the global copper resource trade network, with significant changes in the countries within these communities and an improvement in the status of emerging economies. (4) Some key factors such as economic scale, population size, carbon dioxide emissions, and political stability drive the evolution of the global copper resource trade network, which exhibits distinct phased characteristics.

The phenomenon of farmland abandonment threatens national food security. Analyzing farmers' motivations for abandoning farmland is crucial to addressing the predicament in governing farmland abandonment and ensuring the steady advancement of the rural revitalization strategy. Based on Q methodology, this study systematically identifies multi-dimensional motivational types underlying farmers' abandonment of cultivated land, revealing the complex psychological cognition and value-balancing logic behind their 'land-owning yet non-cultivating' behaviour. The research reveals that farmers' abandonment of cultivated land manifests in three distinct and markedly different motivational types: Rational calculation motivation reflects farmers' choice of seeking benefits and avoiding harms based on the "rational person" hypothesis, reflecting the profound transformation of farmers' value orientation towards marketization and utilitarianism in the process of agricultural modernization. Capability deprivation motivation manifests that abandonment is a forced response. Farmers, who lack alternative choices after having their feasible capabilities for agricultural production, are deprived by multiple structural factors. Normative compliance motivation embodies a behavioral logic in which farmers seek social identity, avoid social exclusion, and reduce psychological costs by following social norms. This confirms the deep restrictive role of informal rules, which transcend economic rationality, in farmers' decision-making processes.

The property rights system for water resource assets is a crucial institutional safeguard for optimizing resource allocation and realizing the value of water-related ecological products. Based on county-level panel data from Zhejiang province (2010-2022) and using the river rights to households reform initiated in Lishui city in 2014 as a quasi-natural experiment for the reform of the property rights system for water resource assets, this paper empirically examines the impact mechanisms of this reform on farmers' income through Difference-in-Differences (DID) and mediating effect models. The findings revealed that: (1) Baseline regression results demonstrate that the river rights to households reform significantly promotes farmers' income. Compared to non-pilot areas, this policy increased rural per capita disposable income in pilot areas by 9.4%. This conclusion remains robust after undergoing a series of tests, including placebo tests, consideration of policy spillover effects, and exclusion of interference from other concurrent policies. (2) Mechanism analysis indicates that the reform primarily boosts farmers' income through promoting the development of advantageous industries, strengthening the rural collective economy, and attracting firm entry. Specifically, it develops competitive industries via ecological advantages, optimizes the benefit-linking mechanism of the rural collective economy to release dividends, and attracts firms to create employment opportunities for farmers and promote green county-level economic development. (3) Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the reform exerts significantly heterogeneous impacts on farmers' income. The income-boosting effect is more pronounced in regions characterized by lower terrain relief, gentler slopes, longer highway mileage, and better tourism public-service conditions. First, lower terrain relief facilitates tourism development, enabling the reform to more fully exert its income-enhancing effect. Second, better transportation in areas with longer highway mileage attracts visitor flow and promotes economies of scale. Finally, superior tourism public-service conditions are crucial for converting ecological resources into consumption. These research results provide empirical evidence for water resource asset property rights system reforms and offer policy insights for ecologically advantaged regions seeking to achieve common prosperity through ecological resource value transformation.

Taking Jiangmen city in Guangdong province as a case study, this research examines the integration mechanism and practical logic of multi-dimensional governance resources under the "dual carbon" goals, while exploring the logic and practical paths of compound governance. The study finds that Jiangmen has constructed a multi-level governance system through the path of "policy coordination—market activation—technology empowerment": (1) Breaking through departmental barriers via institutional complexity, anchoring low-carbon targets through cross-level policy integration, and forming closed-loop management based on dynamic responsibility decomposition and performance evaluation. (2) Driving resource integration through tool complexity, innovating market incentive mechanisms, and activating motivations for enterprise low-carbon transformation and social participation. (3) Strengthening system coordination via technological complexity, establishing a digital supervision platform to promote data sharing among government, enterprises, and society, thereby achieving precise monitoring and dynamic feedback of carbon emissions. The study indicates that compound governance achieves synergistic enhancement through institutional resilience, tool adaptation, and technology embedding, ultimately realizing the embedded mutual promotion of environmental benefits and socio-economic development. Furthermore, the study suggests that compound governance should be refined in aspects such as practical efficacy, resilience adjustment, and value integration, providing theoretical and practical paradigms for achieving the "dual carbon" goals.

As emerging cultural products characterized by high levels of interactivity and immersion, digital games provide players with a unique sense of presence through the virtual scenarios constructed in their design. Consequently, this enhances the renown and tourist appeal of their associated real-world locations, demonstrating significant practical importance in promoting the deep integration of culture and tourism and fostering regional tourism economic development. This study takes Black Myth: Wukong as a case study to explore the impact of a digital game on tourism development in its associated real-world locations. By collecting panel data from a total of 327 scenic spots, comprising 16 real-world scenic spots associated with the game's scenes and other spots within their host cities, for 30 weeks before and after the game's release, this research employs Difference-in-Differences (DID), Mediation Effect, and Spatial Difference-in-Differences (SDID) models to systematically examine the game's impact on tourist flow, its underlying mechanisms, and its spatial effects at the micro-level of individual scenic spots. The results indicate that: (1) The digital game has a significant promotional effect on tourist flow to its associated real-world locations. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that this effect is more pronounced in regions with abundant tourism resources, greater reception capacity, and larger city scales. (2) Mechanism analysis shows that the game's launch increased online attention to the associated real-world locations, which in turn drove the growth in tourist flow. Furthermore, the parallel trends test indicates that the increase in online attention is immediate, whereas the growth in actual tourist flow exhibits a time lag of two to three weeks. (3) The impact of the digital game on tourist flow exhibits significant spatial spillover effects. However, the scope and direction of these effects demonstrate spatial heterogeneity at different geographical distances: the associated scenic spots stimulate tourist flow growth in nearby spots within a 10 km radius but create a siphon effect on those located 10 to 20 kilometers away. No significant impact is observed beyond 20 kilometers. Based on this empirical analysis, the study proposes policy recommendations to advance the integrated development of regional cultural tourism and digital cultural products, aiming to provide a reference for future research and practice.

Taking the Yellow River Basin as the study area, this research introduces peer effects into the spatial analysis of industrial ecologilization and constructs a spatial econometric model to examine the peer effects and underlying mechanisms of urban industrial ecologilization. The findings are as follows. (1) The level of industrial ecologilization in the study area initially increased and then declined, with widening regional disparities. Spatially, a multi-centric pattern emerged, centered around Qingdao and Jinan, with other provincial capitals as key nodes, while low-value zones persisted in areas such as the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region. (2) Industrial ecologilization exhibits significant positive peer effects, with the most pronounced effects observed among geographically adjacent cities. (3) Cities with lower transition levels are more inclined to imitate and learn from those with higher transition levels, and cities within the same river segment demonstrate active mutual influence in industrial ecologilization. (4) Mechanism analysis indicates that: The learning mechanism generally strengthens peer effects, though internal learning suppresses these effects in high- and medium-transition cities. The competition mechanism overall inhibits peer effects, particularly among high-transition cities. Internal learning suppresses peer effects in upstream and midstream segments but significantly promotes them in downstream processes. External demonstration effects play a positive role across all river segments. The competition mechanism only exhibits significant inhibitory effects in downstream processes, with no notable impact observed in upstream or midstream activities. Finally, targeted policy recommendations are proposed.

Rural industrial prosperity is the foundation of the rural revitalization strategy, and rural industrial structure transformation is a critical path to achieve it. Under the background of rural revitalization, comprehensive land consolidation acts as a key driving force for the transformation of rural industrial structure. Based on New Structural Economics theory, this study adopts the fsQCA method and typical surveys in Hubei province to analyze the impact mechanism of comprehensive land consolidation on rural industrial structure transformation.The results indicate that rural industrial structure transformation presents two forms: rationalization and optimization, with two typical combinations: high rationalization-low optimization and low rationalization-high optimization. Comprehensive land consolidation promotes industrial structure transformation through the coordination of factor endowment, capable government actions and effective market, in which the government reduces factor flow costs and the market improves allocation efficiency. There are distinct driving paths for rationalization and optimization, which result from different factor reorganization mechanisms. Industrial structure rationalization relies on the improvement of land, labor and capital endowments, while optimization focuses on innovation factors and industrial chain extension. Finally, this paper proposes that classified guidance should be adopted according to different transformation forms: (1) Based on the differentiated forms of rural industrial structure transformation, classified guidance strategies should be implemented accordingly. (2) Considering the differentiated paths of comprehensive land consolidation driving rural industrial structure transformation, reasonable policy tools, factors reorganization mechanisms, and institutional systems should be supplied for rural industrial structure transformation.

Land is both the core vehicle and fundamental constraint for China's modernization. The latest phase of China's modernization requires a territorial spatial governance system that fosters high-quality development. To address the new changes emerging during the quality enhancement period of Chinese-style modernization and drive land use transformation, it is imperative to examine both the coupling relationship and the emergent processes between the major issues identified at different stages of Chinese-style modernization and the academic responses from land use research. The present paper firstly traces the endogenous evolution of China's land use research based on the "problem-driven" logic of Chinese modernization. CiteSpace and VOS viewer provide empirical validation of its structure and trends using data from CNKI and Web of Science. By employing an analytical framework centered on China's large population and its pursuit of human-nature harmony, this study highlights the deep interconnection between national strategies, academic reserch, and the internal logic of modernization, and offers prospects for future land use research. It demonstrates that the thematic evolution of China's land use research constitutes a systematic response to the evolving era defining challenges within the Chinese modernization process, transitioning from "survival" to "development" and ultimately to "quality". Research themes across different periods align profoundly with macro-level policies, while the research paradigm has undergone a logical progression from "resources" to 'assets' and finally to "spaces", achieving a shift from singular focus to multi-dimensional integration. The rise of big data, coupled with the demand for efficient collaborative management, is expanding the scope and orientation of related research. Future research on land use will evolve towards a novel paradigm of high-quality development that integrates harmonious human-land relations, smart technology empowerment, and sustainable governance. The study is anchored in the discipline of land systems science, providing the theoretical foundation for the construction of an integrated research framework. This framework is intended to encompass the natural, economic, social, and technological dimensions. The objective is to unveil the evolutionary mechanisms of human-land system coupling that are driven by "problem-response" dynamics within the context of China's modernization process. This endeavor seeks to furnish theoretical underpinnings and implementation pathways for the establishment of a territorial spatial governance system that fosters high-quality development.

The combination of global climate change and grazing activities has made the ecological security of grasslands in the agro-pastoral ecotone of Northern China increasingly severe. Exploring effective ways to alleviate grassland pressure has become a core issue in ecological governance and regional sustainable development. This aims to analyze the impact of constructed forage land on the ecological pressure of herder pasture, so as to provide reference for the development of forage industry in the agro-pastoral ecotone and promote the sustainable utilization of natural grasslands. Based on the mixed cross-sectional data of 430 samples surveyed by the research group in Urad Middle Banner, Inner Mongolia in 2021 and 2023, multiple linear regression model was used to explore the impact and mechanism of forage land construction on grassland ecological pressure. Major findings show that: (1) 45.58% of the herders in the sample have constructed forage land. (2) The impact of forage land area on the ecological pressure of herders' grassland shows a U-shaped pattern, with a turning point of 134 acres, which is optimal when the scale of forage land accounts for 2%-3% of the operating area of herders' grassland. (3) On the one hand, forage land construction stimulates herders to expand their livestock scale and increase grazing pressure. On the other hand, it reduces grazing pressure through increasing the proportion of supplementary feeding. The two effects balance and overall alleviate the grassland ecological pressure. (4) Constructed forage land can alleviate the ecological pressure on small-scale herders' grasslands to a greater extent, and alleviate the ecological pressure on herders with low satisfaction with the grassland ecological compensation policy, thus to some extent compensating for the shortcomings of the policy in reducing livestock. We conclude that the constructed forage land in the study area can reduce grazing pressure on grasslands through supplementary feeding, which is conducive to ensuring the healthy development of grassland animal husbandry and promoting the sustainable use of natural grasslands. However, the ecological fragility of the agro-pastoral ecotone requires careful promotion of forage land construction based on water availability and moderate scale.

Grasslands are the largest terrestrial ecosystem in China and serve as a crucial resource base for livestock production and pastoral household livelihoods. However, a substantial share of China's grasslands has experienced varying degrees of degradation. Promoting natural grassland restoration is therefore of critical importance for mitigating degradation, enhancing grassland productivity, and improving herders' incomes. Yet, empirical work still centers on technical measures, leaving restoration's income effects and mechanisms underexamined. Using household survey data from 2021 to 2024 in the Hulun Buir pastoral communities of Inner Mongolia, this study employs a propensity score matching (PSM) approach to address potential self-selection bias and identify the effects of participation in a pilot natural grassland restoration program centered on nutrient regulation on livestock production and local household income. The results show that participation in the restoration program significantly increases herders' livestock income by raising both livestock inventory and off-take levels, thereby contributing to higher total household income. Mechanism analysis further indicates that the program improves grass yield, which reduces supplementary feeding costs and enables herders to expand livestock production, ultimately driving income growth without increasing grazing pressure on grasslands. Given that the agronomic performance of practices such as soil nutrient regulation is highly sensitive to climatic variability, we advocate for proactive management of technology-related risks and for systematic enhancement of soil nutrient regulation and complementary agronomic measures. Such steps are essential to balance ecological and economic objectives, safeguard the durability of restoration outcomes, and ensure sustainable scaling.

Against the backdrop of accelerating grassland degradation driven by global climate change, whether fiscal investment can serve as a key driver to enhance grassland governance performance remains to be empirically tested. This study adopts the polycentric governance theory as the analytical framework and selects 60 grassland ecological restoration projects in Inner Mongolia from 2019 to 2023. By integrating the super-efficiency SBM (Slack-Based Measure) model with grounded theory analysis, the study systematically explores the mechanism through which fiscal investment influences governance effectiveness. The findings reveal that: (1) There is a marked variation in governance efficiency across projects, rooted in the degree of coordination between fiscal resource allocation and the interactive processes among diverse stakeholders. (2) Efficiency levels are jointly shaped by actor configurations, the alignment of fiscal resources, and the congruence of institutional and technical arrangements. High-efficiency projects typically develop structured and stable collaborative networks. (3) The grounded analysis further reveals a theoretical framework centered on the "multi-centered governance logic through which fiscal inputs drive grassland governance effectiveness". Fiscal investment activates multiple actors, strengthens institutional embeddedness, and facilitates technological application, thereby fostering a governance structure that combines hierarchical organization with networked collaboration, ultimately enhancing governance performance and system resilience.Accordingly, the study recommends optimizing the fiscal support system, strengthening institutional coordination, and establishing dynamic feedback mechanisms to improve the resilience of grassland governance systems and achieve Pareto improvements in fiscal resource allocation.

Traditional villages in the metropolitan fringes multifaceted challenges stemming from urban expansion, the permeation of consumer culture, and the imperative for living heritage conservation. Clarifying the dynamic social relationship centered on the power game of multiple subjects and its shaping mechanism on space is of great significance for achieving cultural heritage inheritance in the context of sustainable urban-rural development. Through literature analysis, theoretical framework construction, and case study research, this study elucidates the restructuring logic, mechanisms, and models of these villages from a theoretical perspective of "subjects-power-space". The findings indicate that: (1) Constructing an analytical framework based on the theory of space production, micro-power theory, and China's rural land system is instrumental in deconstructing the restructuring logic. This framework elucidates the synergistic interplay between the regulatory power of macro-level actors, the practical power of micro-level actors and the process of spatial restructuring. (2) The primary restructuring types are categorized into regulation-driven, endogenous practice-driven, and collaborative development-driven models, revealing the differentiated logic underlying village transformation under varying power dynamics. (3) Case studies of Liuliqu village, Beigou village, and Huangshandian village, representing the three respective types, demonstrate distinct characteristics of macro-actor regulation, micro-actor endogenous practice, and collaborative development in their transformation mechanisms. Corresponding differentiated development models are proposed, including spatial empowerment to activate community regeneration, power synergy to enhance resource integration, and refined spatial governance. Theoretically, this research extends the study of social relations in space. Practically, it provides a capital region exemplar for the living conservation of traditional villages on the metropolitan fringe in the New Era.