This study starts from the perspective of stakeholders, clarifies the interactive relationship between the government, mining enterprises, and residents in mining areas, and constructs a cooperative governance mechanism for mine ecological restoration. The game relationship is analyzed through a cooperative game model. The results indicate that: (1) The existing repair models cannot meet the reasonable repair needs, and there is an urgent need to transform from a single dominant model to diversified cooperative governance. (2) Through the Shapley value benefit distribution model analysis, it was found that when the three parties actively participate in cooperation, the benefits are optimal, and the ideal distribution ratio is one-third each, which can promote positive interaction among the three parties. (3) Taking Qidong Duijiachong Iron Mine in Hunan province as an empirical case, the results show that the benefits of tripartite cooperation are significantly higher than those of non cooperation or two-way cooperation. (4) The revised Shapley value was used to verify that the distribution of benefits under cooperation can effectively promote the realization of mine ecological restoration. Cooperative governance conforms to the modernization trend of ecological governance in China, can balance the conflicts of interests among multiple stakeholders, and provide reference for optimizing ecological restoration mechanisms.

Against the backdrop of increasing challenges to the territorial space system due to uncertainty risks and traditional conflicts, a deep understanding of the territorial space resilience in order to promote the transformation of the social-ecological system is crucial to the realization of the overall development and security strategy. On the basis of clarifying the connotation of territorial space resilience, we select the counties in Jiangsu province as the case area, and use HP filter analysis, adaptive cycle theory and panel vector autoregression to explore the evolution characteristics of territorial space resilience in different adaptive cycle stages and its interaction with urbanization. Firstly, the fundamental components of territorial space resilience in a normalized scenario include natural resource endowment support, territorial space functional resistance, and territorial space flow transformation. The dynamic evolution of territorial space resilience follows the underlying logic of the adaptive cycle theory's "utilization, conservation, release, and reorganization" cycle. Different development characteristics emerge at each stage. Secondly, the level of territorial space resilience in Jiangsu province's counties gradually increased between 2000 and 2022. The internal ranking of resilience dimensions is as follows: territorial space functional resistance>territorial space flow transformation>natural resource endowment support. The resilience level can be divided into four stages: utilization (2000-2006), conservation (2007-2013), release (2014-2018), and reorganization (2019-2022). These stages exhibit evolutionary characteristics of increase-decrease-increase-decrease, with the overall Gini coefficient following the pattern: conservation>utilization>release>reorganization. Thirdly, urbanization and territorial space resilience interact with each other over the long term among county units in Jiangsu province, and the dynamic relationship between the variables is basically stable, showing a positive driving effect, but the degree of contribution rate varies among regions. When the level of urbanization is impacted by the level of territorial space resilience, the degree of influence shows the trend of enhancement-weakening-enhancement-weakening-stability, and the level of territorial space resilience shows the trend of decline-rise-stability when facing the impact of urbanization. The study provides scientific evidence and decision-making references to promote regional sustainable development in a positive spiral.

The study of the impact of digital skills on the proactive adaptive behavior of farmers in grain production is of significance for ensuring national food security. This study utilizes survey data from the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin to empirically examine the impact of digital skills on farmers' adaptive behaviors in grain production and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. The analysis reveals three key findings: (1) Digital skills significantly encourage farmers to engage in proactive adaptive behaviors in grain production. (2) Digital skills enhance these behaviors by improving farmers' integration into industry chains and expanding their knowledge networks. (3) The influence of digital skills is more pronounced among large-scale farmers, those with higher levels of education and income, and those in non-grain production areas or villages with high collective economic income. Additionally, farmers who have developed high-standard farmland show a greater propensity to benefit from digital skills. Based on these findings, the paper proposes policy interventions to leverage platform resources and digital tools to further enhance farmers' digital competencies, thereby supporting sustainable agricultural practices and food security.

Exploring the influencing factors of farmers' voluntary and compensated withdrawal intention from homestead land is of great significance for promoting the people-oriented rural land system reform. Utilizing micro-survey data encompassing a nationwide scope, this study is anchored in the multifunctional perspective of land, which delineates how the transfer of contracted land influences the willingness to withdraw homestead land and demonstrate the mediating role of household livelihood strategies, as well as the moderating effects of generational disparities and reform pilot effect. The findings are as following: (1) The inflow of contracted land suppresses farmers' willingness to withdraw homestead land, whereas the outflow of contracted land enhances this willingness. (2) Using the ratio of out-migrating population and the proportion of non-agricultural income as proxy variables to assess the mediating role of household livelihood strategies, the study identifies that demographic transition is a significant pathway through which land transfer impacts the willingness to withdraw homestead land, rather than the change of household income structures. (3) The effect of outflow of contracted land in enhancing the willingness of younger farmers to withdraw homestead land is more pronounced, while its influence is less significant among farmers in reform pilot areas. Consequently, future policy formulations regarding homestead land withdrawal should identify the target group, with a respect for the willingness of farmers. It is necessary to synchronize policies of homestead withdrawal and contracted land transfer. It is also imperative to continuously enhance the off-farm employment capabilities of farmers and to facilitate the high-quality migration of the rural population in a scientifically sound manner. Policies should be tailored to account for the heterogeneity among farmers and the unique characteristics of different regions.

Based on the micro-data of China Land Economic Survey conducted in Jiangsu province and the utility perception of rural residents, this paper empirically analyzed the impact of rural industry integration on rural residents' satisfaction with rural revitalization construction and its mechanism by using the order probit model. It is found that: (1) Rural industry integration can significantly improve the satisfaction of rural revitalization construction, and this conclusion is still valid after considering a series of tests. (2) The improvement of rural industry integration degree is conducive to improve the satisfaction of rural revitalization construction, but different integration modes have different promoting effects on rural revitalization effect, especially the integration mode of technology penetration, chain extension and function expansion. (3) Raising household income, and enhancing economic status identity and subjective happiness perception are important mechanisms for rural industry integration to release the effect of rural revitalization. (4) The effect of rural industry integration on rural revitalization is more obvious in villages with higher economic development level and stronger intervention degree of rural affairs organization. This paper enriches the relevant research of rural industry integration, and provides new ideas for accelerating the process of agricultural and rural modernization, promoting the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas and improving the well-being of rural residents.

China is a major agricultural country, and geographical indications of agricultural products can promote high-quality agricultural development, alleviate issues relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents, and achieve comprehensive rural revitalization. In the context of insufficient research on the impact of geographical indications on ecosystem protection, research on the perception effect of geographical indications on ecosystem services can serve as supplementary content to enrich the protection effect of geographical indications. This article constructs an ecosystem service perception evaluation index system based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework. Taking the high-quality apple production base in the Weibei dryland region as an example, this study explores the perception effect of geographic indications on ecosystem services through propensity score matching method. Research has found that the participation of farmers in the use of geographical indications is influenced by the gender of the head of household, education level, understanding of geographical indications, attention to apple quality, and the location. Geographical indications have a significant impact on the perception of ecosystem services, and the perception level of ecosystem services by farmers participating in the use of geographical indications has increased by 3.8% to 4.3%. In the future, it is necessary to continue to promote geographical indications and encourage more farmers to participate in their use in order to improve their perception of ecosystem services.

To enhance regional agglomeration and carrying capacity, the State Council and provincial governments have successively approved several urban agglomeration plans. However, the impact of urban agglomeration planning on land resource carrying capacity needs to be tested. Therefore, based on panel data from 117 cities both within and outside the planning scope of the five major urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during the period of 2005-2022, this paper employs multi-period difference-in-differences model and mediation effect model to empirically explore the effect and mechanism of urban agglomeration planning on land resource carrying capacity, and analyzes spatial spillover effect through the spatial Durbin model. The main findings are as follows: (1) Urban agglomeration planning can effectively enhance the land resource carrying capacity, but it has different impacts on its subsystems. The results indicate that urban agglomeration planning significantly enhances the land economic carrying capacity, but it has a significant negative effect on the land ecological carrying capacity. (2) Urban agglomeration planning will enhance the land resource carrying capacity of cities within the urban agglomeration by enhancing urban innovativeness, government competitiveness, and public service supply capacity. (3) Urban agglomeration planning has a significant positive spillover effect on the land resource carrying capacity of neighboring cities, but this effect is spatially confined to the urban agglomerations, which are more mature in terms of development. These findings provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for improving urban agglomeration planning policies and enhancing land resource carrying capacity within the context of high-quality development.

The green transition of cultivated land Use (GTCLU) is of great significance for building a new pattern of cultivated protection with coordinated development of water and soil resources under the background of global climate change, ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products, and promoting green agricultural development. Based on field surveys of farmers in Shenyang, this study explores the conceptual connotation of GTCLU and estimate its level at the farmer household scale, and theoretically analyzes and empirically tests whether and how intermediate inputs affected the GTCLU. The results indicate that: (1) The GTCLU has established a composite mapping relationship of ''water, land, food, and carbon'', which has the development characteristics of resource conservation and efficiency, good production environment, product quality and safety, and ecological environment friendliness. (2) The GTCLU level of sample farmers is observed in the transition type III, and compared to small farmers, the proportion of large-scale households in transition type IV is relatively large. The higher the proportion of per capita household income and non-agricultural income, the lower the GTCLU level of farmers. With the improvement of rural digitalization level, the GTCLU level of farmers is gradually increasing. (3) There is an inverted U-shaped relationship between intermediate input and farmers' GTCLU level, that is, when the intensity of intermediate input exceeds 0.375, it will have a suppressive effect on farmers' GTCLU level. (4) Social norms have a positive moderating effect on the inverted U-shaped relationship between intermediate inputs and farmers' GTCLU levels. As social norm constraints continue to strengthen, the inverted U-shaped curve becomes steeper and the inflection point shifts to the left. The impact of environmental regulations on the inverted U-shaped relationship exhibits heterogeneity in business scale, meaning it does not affect large-scale households but has a significant effect on small-scale farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to further optimize the structure of intermediate inputs, enhance the soft constraint mechanism of social norms, fully utilize the combination of environmental regulatory tools, and promote the green transition of cultivated land use at the farmer household scale in a scientific and reasonable manner.

New infrastructure construction is emerging as a key driver for achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the digital economy era, fostering green, low-carbon, and high-quality economic and social development. Using panel data from 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2007 to 2022, this study measures indicators of new infrastructure development and empirically examines its synergistic effects on pollution reduction and carbon mitigation from the perspective of innovation factor misallocation. The findings indicate that: (1) New infrastructure significantly enhances coordinated governance in pollution reduction and carbon mitigation. This conclusion remains robust after a series of endogeneity and stability tests. However, the synergy between pollution reduction and carbon mitigation is not immediately observable. Only after the new infrastructure development surpasses certain "thresholds" does its effect on pollution and carbon reduction become evident. (2) Mechanism analysis reveals that new infrastructure alleviates the misallocation of R&D personnel, thereby promoting pollution reduction and carbon mitigation. However, the mechanism based on the misallocation of R&D capital has yet to fully manifest its effects. Factors such as R&D personnel mobility, human capital levels, and skill matching are effective in addressing R&D personnel misallocation and unlocking the benefits of technological innovation through new infrastructure, whereas government funding does not show a significant improvement in these outcomes. (3) Further analysis shows that new infrastructure can effectively reduce the "rebound" in carbon emissions currently. Nevertheless, in terms of spatial correlation, the overall impact of new infrastructure on coordinated pollution reduction and carbon mitigation exhibits negative externalities. The conclusions of this study provide a viable pathway for achieving the synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon mitigation, contributing to the "dual carbon" goals. These findings also offer empirical support for local governments in actively planning and advancing strategic layouts for new infrastructure.

In the era of knowledge economy, the location selection of cultural and creative talents tends to be diversified, and traditional regional factors are difficult to explain their flow mechanism well. Amenity theory provides a new perspective for this. Using Gephi social network analysis and geographic detector, this study explores the mobility characteristics and influencing mechanisms of gaming talents in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area at different mobility scales and career stages from a amenity perspective. The results show that: (1) In the gaming industry system of the Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou and Shenzhen are the regional multifunctional centers, while Zhuhai, Foshan, Huizhou, Dongguan, and Hong Kong play the role of gaming talent developers, and Macao, Jiangmen, and Zhaoqing play the role of gaming talent cultivators. (2) The Greater Bay Area has a strong attraction for gaming talents who are seeking employment for the first time in both local and neighboring areas. The spatial proximity orientation of talents is significant, mainly manifested as local attachment under the continuation of academic connections and out of town transition under geographical proximity. (3) There is a strong phenomenon of level proximity circulation and diffusion in the re-employment of gaming talents. Among them, the same level circulation phenomenon of gaming talents in Shenzhen is more obvious, while the gradient diffusion effect between Guangzhou and neighboring cities is stronger. (4) The decision of gaming talents to choose a career again is a combination of personal and family choices between enterprises and cities. In the early stages of their career, they have a high frequency of mobility, but in the later stages, they show a high degree of local “embeddedness” and are relatively less constrained by geographical space. Their mobility can be divided into two categories: life mobility and career mobility, with the latter mostly occurring between large enterprises. (5) The influence of amenity on gaming talents at different scales and career stages is heterogeneous. Talents are more sensitive to amenity when they move across the country, and have a stronger preference for amenity when they choose a career again. The influence of amenity factors, such as employment environment, quality of life, and healthy development, is relatively large. The impact mechanism of amenity on gaming talents can be summarized at different scales as two aspects: national mobility under the superposition of diverse needs, and Greater Bay Area mobility under the dominance of industry and supporting facilities. At different stages, the mobility can be summarized as two aspects: personal growth needs when choosing a job for the first time, and expectations for settling down and starting a career when choosing a job again.

Mega-city regions (MCRs) are the main spatial pattern of urbanization in China. Studying changes in the population attractiveness of these regions is significant for understanding their role in regional development and evaluating the effects of regional development policies. Using data on inter-prefecture migration from the 1‰ individual database of the national censuses conducted in 2010 and 2020, this paper analyzes the changes in population attractiveness within China's mega-city regions from three dimensions: intensity, range, and spatial evenness. The results show that: (1) In terms of intensity, the three major MCRs—the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region—are far more attractive than others. They altogether attracted over half of all inter-prefecture migrants in China. The attractiveness gap between MCRs in the east and those in the central and western regions narrowed from 2010 to 2020. Most eastern MCRs saw slow growth in their migrants, leading to a decline in their share of China's total number of migrants. The Yangtze River Delta experienced the most significant reduction. In contrast, central and western MCRs grew more rapidly in terms of migrants, becoming increasingly attractive. Notably, the Chengdu-Chongqing MCR and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River MCR experienced the fastest growth. In terms of attractiveness range, eastern MCRs mainly attract inter-provincial migrants, with the Shandong Peninsula MCR attracting population from a relatively small area. In contrast, central and western MCRs mainly attract intra-provincial migrants, although the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains MCR is an exception, attracting inter-provincial migrants. Over the past ten years, there has been a noticeable trend of people moving shorter distances. Regarding the evenness of attractiveness within MCRs, most eastern MCRs exhibit a relatively even attractiveness among their cities. Notably, the evenness of the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta significantly increased from 2010 to 2020. However, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Central and Southern Liaoning MCRs show uneven attractiveness. In most central and western MCRs, the appeal is concentrated in core cities, although the spatial evenness of attractiveness has improved in the Chengdu-Chongqing, Beibu Gulf, and the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains MCRs. (2) The three dimensions of population attractiveness are correlated. Compared to the MCRs in the central and western regions, those in the eastern region exhibit stronger attractiveness, mainly attract inter-provincial migrants, the attractiveness of each city is more evenly distributed, and the overall development of eastern MCRs is more advanced. However, as the MCRs in the central and western regions began to develop over the past decade, their population attractiveness did not fully evolve to match the characteristics of the eastern MCRs. The difference is that the proportion of inter-provincial migrants attracted by central and western MCRs has decreased, and these MCRs have consistently remained centers of population inflow within their respective provinces. (3) The multi-dimensional characteristics of population attractiveness change as the economic growth of MCRs progresses and as core cities develop and their functions spill over. Finally, based on the development goals of MCRs in different regions and the evolving characteristics of population attractiveness, we propose policy suggestions for the future development of MCRs.

As an important bridge connecting the natural ecosystem and human society, the improvement of the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products significantly impacts the realization of sustainable development goals. This paper aimed to explore how the new quality productive forces can empower the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products and promote the sustainable and efficient utilization of forest resources. Based on the dynamic qualitative comparative analysis method, using the panel data of 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) from 2011 to 2022, this paper analyzed the multi-factor synergistic linkage effect of new quality productive forces in the process of improving the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products. The study found that: (1) A single factor couldn't constitute a necessary condition for the high value realization efficiency of forest ecological products, but the necessity of innovative productivity, technological productivity, resource productivity, environmental productivity, digital industry productivity and industrial digital productivity was gradually increasing. (2) The high value realization efficiency of forest ecological products had four driving paths: "innovation+environment", "technology+environment+industrial digit", "resources +digit" and "innovation+resources". The low value realization efficiency of forest ecological products had three restrictive paths: "green+industrial digit", "technology+green" and "innovation+environment". (3) All the four driving paths of high value realization efficiency of forest ecological products had spatial heterogeneity, and the "innovation+environment" driving path has significant time effect. The research results provided not only theoretical support for understanding the empowering effect of new quality productive forces on the value realization efficiency of forest ecological products, but also practical guidance for optimizing the management of forest ecological products and enhancing the value of ecological services.

Reverse population mobility is a key factor affecting the optimization of urban system and the coordinated development of regions in China. Based on the 1% National Population Sample Survey in 2015, this study explores the spatial pattern of inter-city reverse population mobility and its influencing factors in China through spatial analysis and mixed-effects logistic regression model. The main findings of the study are as follows: (1) In terms of location patterns, the sources of reverse population mobility are mainly higher-grade first-tier and new first-tier cities, especially the provincial capitals in the southeastern half of the Hu Line, while the destinations of reverse population mobility are mainly medium and lower-grade second-tier cities and below, presenting a spatial pattern of “large dispersion and small concentration”. In terms of flow pattern, large-scale and high-intensity reverse population flows mainly move from higher-grade first-tier cities or new first-tier cities to second-tier cities, and the reverse population flows moving down the city hierarchy basically conforms to the “step” pattern. (2) Among the individual-level factors, high house price, high consumption, high employment competition pressure, and high pollution play a significant role in pushing reverse population mobility, while low house price, low consumption, low employment competition pressure, low pollution, better green environment and education play a significant role in pulling reverse population mobility. The above results are not only useful for deepening the regularity understanding of the spatial pattern of reverse population mobility, but also have important policy implications for optimizing the urban system, and promoting the development of small and medium-sized cities.

The cultural service value realization of ecological products builds a bridge between ecosystems and human well-being and it is an important part of the exploration of the value realization mechanism of ecological products in national parks. In order to promote the transformation of lucid waters and lush mountains in national parks to invaluable assets and better meet people's growing demand for high-quality cultural ecosystem services, this paper proposed the path and mechanism of realizing the value of cultural service of ecological products in national parks (CSEPNPs) on the condition of the identification of functional characteristics and realization conditions. The analysis followed the chain process of "function-product/services-benefit-value" of ecosystem services based on the framework of ecosystem services cascade. We found that the path of realizing the value of CSEPNP includes six steps, namely clear ownership, survey and monitoring, product production, value accounting, project operation and trading. It was suggested to improve and optimize the mechanism on realizing the value of CSEPNP from policy, ecological compensation, investment, franchising, technology application, and public participation. In view of the characteristics of joint production of cultural ecosystem services and strong dependence on social construction, the value realization mechanism proposed in this paper from the perspective of stakeholders was conducive to improving and optimizing the humanistic feedback of the cascade framework in theory, and promoting the supply and demand matching between ecological products and cultural services in national parks in practice. With the continuing study on supply-side theory, method and policy, future research should pay attention to demand-side investigation, monitoring, evaluation methods and public participation and supervision mechanism research, so as to achieve real-time matching of supply and demand.

Based on the long table data of the sixth and seventh national population censuses (Jiangsu Province), this paper depicts the spatial distribution characteristics of rural-urban, urban-urban, urban-rural and rural-rural floating population in Jiangsu from the county and city scales. It also explores the commonalities and specificities of the influencing factors behind their spatial distribution. The results show that: (1) The overall scale of the floating population in Jiangsu has grown rapidly, with rural-urban and rural-rural floating populations showing an increasing trend, while urban-urban and urban-rural floating populations have been declining. (2) The spatial distribution of the four types of floating population generally exhibits a north-south disparity consistent with the region's gradient development pattern. However, the changing proportions of intra-provincial and inter-provincial flows in the three sub-regions reflect dynamic shifts in the attractiveness of urban and rural areas within each region. (3) In 2010, urban-urban mobility dominated population flows in the province, followed by rural-urban and urban-rural flows; by 2020, rural-urban flows had become dominant. In southern Jiangsu, both urban and rural areas have become increasingly attractive, indicating a trend toward coordinated urban-rural development. In northern Jiangsu, the floating population has become more concentrated in cities, while rural areas remain less attractive. (4) The income level of urban and rural residents, industrial development, land development intensity, public services, and administrative hierarchy have differentiated effects on the spatial distribution of the four types of floating population. Among them, land development intensity and administrative hierarchy increasingly influence flows toward urban destinations, whereas industrial development plays a more significant role in flows toward rural areas. Interactions among influencing factors generally exhibit bivariate and nonlinear enhancement effects on the spatial distribution of all the four types of floating population.

Mammals hold crucial significance in the realm of biodiversity conservation. Nature reserves serve as vital zones that effectively mitigate the loss of species diversity. Based on equal-area grid, this study evaluates the abundance patterns of terrestrial mammals across different levels of threats, analyzes regions and species under protection gaps, considering both the broad scale of nature reserves and the finer scale of protective patches. However, there are limited traditional gap analyses that fully take into account the diversity of species and their spatial requirements. We integrate the concept of Minimum Area Requirement (MAR) of species populations as a new supplementary assessment metric to assess the sufficiency of nature reserve patches, and species with poorer compliance are considered as the candidate species under conservation gaps, replacing the single threshold division approach with a multispecies threshold estimation method. The results show that: (1) The richness of threatened terrestrial mammals decreases progressively from the biodiversity-rich southwest to the north, highlighting the importance of Southwest China, particularly Yunnan province, as a critical biodiversity hotspot. Additionally, seven key regions are identified as conservation gap areas, where nature reserves fail to provide sufficient coverage for the protection of threatened species. (2) The distribution ranges of a total of 92.06% of the threatened species overlap with existing nature reserves, however, the presence of the overlaps does not ensure the provision of sufficient conservation, as evidenced by the fact that seven mammal species classified as endangered and three mammal species categorized as vulnerable are subject to absence of protection coverage. (3) Half of the protected patches for each of twenty-two nationally important threatened species face area limitations under different population growth rate levels. The results hold significant implications for identifying priority conservation areas and optimizing the planning of nature reserves to safeguard mammalian biodiversity.