Research on the Spatial Heterogeneity of the Impact of Blue-Green Space Within Urban Block on Urban Thermal Environment
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SHI Weihao is a Ph.D. candidate in the College of Architecture, Tianjin University. His research focuses on eco-city and climate resilience, and urban planning and design |
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ZENG Suiping, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the College of Architecture, Tianjin Chengjian University. Her research focuses on urban physical environment optimization |
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Aihemaiti NAMAITI (Uyghur) is a Ph.D. candidate in the College of Architecture, Tianjin University. His research focuses on urban climate and urban form optimization |
Received date: 2023-12-07
Revised date: 2024-08-12
Online published: 2025-12-16
Copyright
[Objective] Blue-green space is considered as an important ecological facility to optimize the thermal environment, whose positive effects on thermal environment optimization have gained widespread attention. Previous research has paid less attention to the construction of comprehensive indicators such as the scale, shape and layout of blue-green space, the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of blue-green space on the thermal environment, and the research unit of block, which makes it difficult to implement grounded optimization strategy for blue-green space as a response to thermal mitigation regulation. Thoroughly exploring the multi-dimensional impact of blue-green space on the thermal environment is beneficial for climate-adaptive urban development.
[Methods] This research takes the central urban area of Tianjin as the research area. The intense development and high-density construction in Tianjin have led to the fragmentation of blue-green space and the continuous deterioration of the thermal environment, making central Tianjin an area in urgent need of ecological transformation. Based on Landsat 8 remote sensing imagery and ENVI for land surface temperature (LST) inversion, the average of multiple datasets is utilized as the indicator to characterize the thermal environment. High-precision identification of blue-green space at a 2 m resolution is achieved through Google Earth images and eCognition 8.9 software. On this basis, combined with OpenStreetMap road data, over 300 blocks are delineated as the basic research units. Integrating landscape ecology and morphological analysis (morphological spatial pattern analysis, MSPA) based on ArcGIS Pro 3.0, Fragstats 4.2, and Guidos Toolbox 2.9 software, multi-dimensional evaluation indices of blue-green space at the block scale are calculated from the perspectives of “ scale − shape − layout” . Finally, a multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) model is introduced to conduct the statistical analysis.
[Results] 1) The results show that the blue-green space in the central urban area of Tianjin exhibit a distribution characteristic of “four corridors and multiple points”, whereas the LST shows a distinct pattern of being “high in the center and low in the periphery”. The distribution of blue-green space in the central urban area of Tianjin is consistent with the low value of LST, and the scale, shape and layout of such blue-green space, as well as LST itself, all demonstrate spatial aggregation. 2) The core indicators of the impact of blue-green space on LST include the proportion of green space, LPI, COHESION, SHAPE_MN, the proportion of core layout, the proportion of branch layout, and the proportion of edge layout. Different indicators of blue-green space vary to a certain degree in terms of the scale of effects on the thermal environment. The SHAPE_MN index and the proportion of edge layout have smaller effect scales, exhibiting significant spatial heterogeneity. In contrast, the proportion of green space and that of core layout have larger effect scales, with a more gradual spatial heterogeneity in their impact. 3) Among the aforesaid indicators of blue-green space, the proportion of green space, the proportion of core layout, and COHESION index have a significant negative impact on the thermal environment. In contrast, the proportion of branch layout and that of edge layout have a significant positive effect. The intensity of impact varies among the indicators, with the average impact strength of the proportion of core layout being the highest, while that of SHAPE_MN being the lowest and unstable. Finally, based on empirical results, the research proposes an optimization scheme for blue-green space to improve the thermal environment. The scheme involves dividing the urban area into responsive zones based on the multi-scale spatial heterogeneity of the indicators of blue-green space, and optimizing the scale, shape and layout indicators of blue-green space at the block level according to their respective impact strength. The three-level optimal zoning of blue-green space is delimited, and precise optimization methods are proposed respectively for the scale, shape and layout of blue-green space. Specifically, in terms of the scale of blue-green space, it is supposed to take advantage of every opportunity to increase greenery and bluey; in terms of the shape of blue-green space, it is supposed to optimize the shape based on decentralized connection; and in terms of the layout of blue-green space, it is supposed to integrate fragmented blue-green spaces into an interconnected network of blue-green spaces. The research results may provide a theoretical reference for the planning of blue-green space at the block scale from the perspective of thermal environment optimization.
[Conclusion] The research offers a comprehensive insight into the multi-dimensional and spatially heterogeneous impacts of blue-green space on the thermal environment within urban blocks. It underscores the potential of blue-green space in contributing to climate-adaptive urban development and provides targeted recommendations for the planning and management thereof. These include optimizing the scale, form, and layout of blue-green space to enhance their thermal mitigation capabilities. The findings may serve as a theoretical foundation for climate adaptation strategies in high-density urban areas and the fine management of urban blocks, advocating for a systematic integration of blue-green space into urban planning framework. Future research may separately assess blue and green spaces from the dimensions of scale, shape and layout and quantify their interactions to further explore the effects of blue-green space on the thermal environment. Additionally, with the improvement in data availability, a further research with high spatiotemporal ductility may be conducted across multiple time series and climatic zones.
Weihao SHI , Suiping ZENG , NAMAITI Aihemaiti . Research on the Spatial Heterogeneity of the Impact of Blue-Green Space Within Urban Block on Urban Thermal Environment[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2024 , 31(10) : 98 -105 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202312070549
表1 蓝绿空间指标及其描述Tab. 1 Indicators of blue-green space and their description |
| 指标维度 | 指标名称 | 指标描述 | 取值范围 |
| 注:布局指标中的“布局占比”指该类布局指标占街区蓝绿空间总量的百分比。 | |||
| 规模 | 蓝绿空间占比 | 蓝绿空间总面积占整个街区面积的百分比 | 0~100% |
| 蓝色空间占比 | 水体总面积占整个街区面积的百分比 | 0~100% | |
| 绿色空间占比 | 绿地总面积占整个街区面积的百分比 | 0~100% | |
| 形态 | LPI | 在特定景观类别中最大斑块所占的总景观面积比例,反映景观的优势程度 | 0~100% |
| PD | 单位面积内景观斑块的数量,反映景观的破碎程度 | ≥0 | |
| LSI | 单位景观斑块的总长度与总面积的比值,反映景观斑块形状的复杂程度 | ≥1 | |
| SHAPE_MN | 单位各景观斑块的形状指数的均值,反映景观斑块形状的平均复杂程度 | ≥1 | |
| AI | 单位面积内斑块之间接触的边界长度与可能的最大接触边界长度的比值,反映景观斑块聚集的程度 | 0~100 | |
| COHESION | 景观中所有斑块的周长与面积的比值经过标准化处理后的和值,反映斑块在景观中的连通程度 | 0~100 | |
| 布局 | 核心布局占比 | 核心指面状、大型的自然或半自然斑块,如综合公园、大型绿地、社区公园等 | 0~100% |
| 孤岛布局占比 | 孤岛指相对孤立、碎片化分布的点状绿地斑块,如街区小型附属绿地、树丛等 | 0~100% | |
| 孔隙布局占比 | 孔隙指受到自然或人类活动干扰而出现退化的自然或半自然点状斑块 | 0~100% | |
| 边缘布局占比 | 边缘指不同用地之间具有边缘效应的线性过渡地带,如大型绿地外围的林带 | 0~100% | |
| 环路布局占比 | 环路指有利于加强大型斑块内部能量流动、同一核心区内部的线性生态绿廊,如大型绿地内部道路绿化带 | 0~100% | |
| 桥接布局占比 | 桥接指连接相邻两个不同核心区、能促进核心区之间的能量流动的线性绿化带或生态廊道,如道路绿化带 | 0~100% | |
| 分支布局占比 | 分支指仅一端连接着边缘、孔隙、环线、桥接的绿化线性廊道,如连接公园与住宅区等城市建设用地的绿化带 | 0~100% | |
文中图表均由作者绘制,其中底图范围来自天津市规划和自然资源局网站,审图号:津S(2017)007。
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