EN中文

Landscape Architecture >

2024 , Vol. 31 >Issue 9: 94 - 100

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3724/j.fjyl.202402280115

Special: Technology of Sustainable Landscape

Resourceful Application of Landscaping Waste in Soil Improvement

  • Yue CHEN , 1, 2, 3 ,
  • Yanyan HU , 1, 2, 3, *
Expand
  • 1 Chongqing Landscape and Gardening Research Institute
  • 2 Chongqing Garden Soil Quality Testing Center
  • 3 Chongqing Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Native Plants

CHEN Yue, Master, is an engineer in Chongqing Landscape and Gardening Research Institute, Chongqing Garden Soil Quality Testing Center, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Native Plants. Her research focuses on resourceful utilization of organic solid waste, and soil quality management and improvement

HU Yan Yan, Ph.D., is a professorate senior engineer in Chongqing Landscape and Gardening Research Institute, director of Urban Soil Research Institute, and a senior engineer in Chongqing Garden Soil Quality Testing Center and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Native Plants. Her research focuses on resourceful utilization of organic solid waste, and soil quality management and improvement

Received date: 2024-02-28

  Revised date: 2024-07-24

  Online published: 2025-12-16

Copyright

Copyright © 2024 Landscape Architecture. All rights reserved.
Fold

Abstract

[Objective] With the continuous improvement of social and economic development levels, as well as the ongoing urbanization process, there is a growing emphasis on refining conservation and management practices for various green spaces in response to the gradual expansion of urban landscaping construction. Consequently, the issue of rapidly increasing landscaping waste production has become an important concern that cannot be overlooked in urban management. In Chongqing’s central urban area, where large amounts of pruning wastes from trees and shrubs are generated, current disposal methods primarily involve landfilling and incineration with low rates of resourceful utilization. This not only leads to pollution in the atmosphere, water bodies, and soil environment, but also results in wastage of resources. However, it is worth noting that landscaping waste holds significant potential for resourceful utilization; the main products of landscape waste may include biochar, garden mulch, organic compost, soil amendments, cultivation substrates, and wood-plastic products. Among these options, composting technology stands out as an efficient method for dealing with landscaping waste while being a relatively mature organic solid waste treatment technology thus far. Therefore, establishing an industry chain for harmless disposal of landscaping waste through resourceful land utilization holds great significance in promoting the harmless treatment and resourceful utilization of landscaping waste while actively boosting the achievement of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and fostering the development of a green circular economy.

[Methods] The composting technology aims to raise the temperature within the compositing system by means of metabolic and proliferative reactions of microorganisms under conditions characterized by abundant oxygen, excellent ventilation, suitable temperature, and moisture content. This facilitates the decomposition of composts while further eliminating harmful microorganisms therein, ultimately transforming them into organic fertilizer. Landscaping waste contains a substantial amount of cellulose, lignin, and other components with high carbon content and low moisture content that can effectively adjust the C/N ratio and moisture content of composts, thus becoming an exceptional bulking agent for composting purposes. Urban sludge possesses a dense texture along with high organic and moisture contents. The combination of landscaping waste and domestic waste in composting processes can not only complement their respective deficiencies, but also significantly improve the overall composting effectiveness. Based on the characteristics exhibited by landscaping waste and domestic sludge, the method of coordinated composting is adopted to conduct harmless disposal of sludge and landscaping waste according to the volume ratio of 1∶1.5 − 1∶2.0, and compost products are prepared. According to the demand for soil improvement in green space, the application amount of improved products is calculated after soil testing, the compost products are applied in soil improvement engineering practice according to local conditions, and the landscaping effect and soil quality before and after the improvement are compared to evaluate the application effect of landscaping waste in soil improvement engineering.

[Results] After improvement, the organic matter and nutrient indexes of soil are significantly improved compared with those before improvement. The composted product resulting from the combination of landscaping waste and municipal domestic sludge plays a pivotal role in enhancing soil quality in urban green spaces. It can not only regulate soil pH but also effectively address the limitations associated with single-component improvement, comprehensively augmenting soil nutrients, improving soil structure, optimizing the microenvironment for plant growth, and facilitating the healthy “soil − plant” cycle. The utilization of landscaping waste for soil improvement can not only enhance landscape aesthetics and ecological restoration but also resolve the issue of resourceful utilization pertaining to urban organic solid waste. In the practical implementation of garden compost products for soil improvement projects, it is crucial to develop scientific improvement plans based on soil survey findings and tailored to the specific needs of plants. Moreover, enhancing technology promotion and training programs is essential for elevating the technical proficiency and operational efficiency of practitioners. Regardless of whether it pertains to upgrading soil quality in urban green spaces or rehabilitating mine soils, there is a promising market prospect for harnessing landscaping waste in land use applications. To fully exploit this potential, we must establish and refine market mechanisms that facilitate the resourceful utilization of landscaping waste while simultaneously encouraging and supporting social enterprises to contribute to the same. Furthermore, reinforcing the development of technical regulations and standard systems pertaining to the use of landscaping waste in soil improvement endeavors is paramount as it can ensure standardized treatment and efficient resourceful utilization.

[Conclusion] In accordance with the characteristics of urban landscaping waste resources, a mature and low-carbon environmentally friendly composting technology is employed for the harmless disposal of such waste. By integrating it with the demand for soil improvement substrates in projects like soil enhancement and mine restoration, effective resourceful utilization of landscaping waste can be achieved. This approach aligns with the national concept of circular economy and green development, thereby realizing the objective of “coming from green space and returning to green space” for landscaping waste. The aforesaid approach provides a comprehensive and well-established technical industry chain for treating and utilizing urban landscaping waste resources, fostering relatively advanced experiences in product promotion and application, while also driving forward the development of resource recycling industry.

Key words： landscape architecture; landscaping waste; soil improvement; application of technology; resource recycling

Cite this article

Yue CHEN , Yanyan HU . Resourceful Application of Landscaping Waste in Soil Improvement[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2024 , 31(9) : 94 -100 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202402280115

园林绿化垃圾又称园林废弃物，主要指园林绿化建设管养过程中产生的乔木、灌木、花草修剪物，以及植物自然凋落产生的植物残体，其构成与当地绿化栽种植物和季节相关，通常包括树枝、树叶、草屑、花卉等[1-2]。随着中国城市园林绿化事业快速发展和各地绿化养护精细化程度的提高，许多城市的园林绿化垃圾的产生量急剧增加[3]，因存在收集系统不健全、资源化产品出路不畅等问题，中国园林绿化垃圾的资源化率普遍低于30%[4]，园林绿化垃圾的资源化利用已成为城市管理中不可忽视的重要问题[5-7]。
园林绿化垃圾具有较好的资源化利用潜能，其主要的资源化利用产品包括生物质炭、园林覆盖物、有机肥料、土壤改良剂、栽培基质和木塑产品等[8-11]。其中园林绿化垃圾堆肥是一种公认的成熟、高效且绿色低碳的资源化利用方式[12]。园林绿化垃圾堆肥的原理是借助微生物的代谢与增殖反应，使园林绿化垃圾中的有机质在分解腐熟的同时实现无害化，最终转化成为有机肥料或土壤改良剂[13-14]。研究表明，将园林绿化垃圾有机堆肥产物应用在土地中不仅对降低弱碱性土壤pH值、增强土壤肥力、提高土壤微生物群落功能多样性有良好的效果[15]，还能有效增强土壤的碳汇功能，对土壤重金属具有一定的钝化效果[16]。
在园林绿化垃圾的有机堆肥过程中，受到高碳氮比、高木质纤维素含量和低氮磷钾元素含量等特点的限制[4]，园林绿化垃圾单独堆肥的效率通常较低[17]。已有研究显示，园林绿化垃圾与其他城市有机废弃物的协同堆肥可有效提升堆肥的效率[6]。如城镇生活污泥有机成分含量高、含水率高，将二者进行协同堆肥有助于弥补单独堆肥的不足，提升堆肥效果[18-19]。现有的研究更多关注园林绿化垃圾与生活污泥协同堆肥工艺技术的提升，对堆肥产品土地利用的效果评价多局限于盆栽或小面积样方试验，工程应用实例较少[20-23]。
根据《2023年重庆统计年鉴》，2022年重庆市园林绿地面积88 184 hm2（建成区总面积75 488 hm2）[24]，按照园林绿化垃圾年均产率1.0~1.5 kg/m2估算[4]，2022年重庆市建成区园林绿化垃圾年产量达75.5~113.3万 t。重庆虽已在中心城区建立了一些资源化处置示范项目点，但全市园林绿化垃圾填埋和焚烧的处置方式占比仍然较高，资源化利用率偏低[25]。重庆属于山地丘陵地区，土层浅薄，可供园林绿化建设的优质客土土壤资源较少，园林绿地土壤有机质含量低、养分含量低和物理性状较差等问题普遍存在[26-27]。矿山废弃地的生态修复是中国区域环境综合整治的难点和焦点，而矿山土壤的改良是矿山废弃地生态恢复的关键[28-31]，对有机肥的需求量巨大。园林绿化垃圾与生活污泥协同堆肥的产物是一种很好的土壤改良剂[32-33]，在土壤改良工程中可以发挥巨大的潜能。
因此，本研究将园林绿化垃圾与城镇生活污泥的协同堆肥产物，在园林绿地土壤改良及矿山修复土壤改良中进行工程化应用，并通过比较分析改良前后的景观效果及土壤理化指标变化，评价了园林绿化垃圾堆肥产物在土壤改良工程中的应用效果，以期为园林绿化垃圾在城市土壤质量提升和管理中的资源化应用提供完整的技术路径和数据支撑。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验材料

本研究使用园林绿化垃圾和城镇生活污泥进行协同堆肥。因园林绿化垃圾来源的不同、城镇生活污泥污水来源和处理工艺的不同，2种材料的pH值、含水率和有机质含量均有一定差异（表1）。
表1 堆肥试验材料基本理化指标

Tab. 1 Basic physical and chemical properties of composting test materials

堆肥材料 pH值 含水率/% 有机质含量/g·kg-1
园林绿化垃圾 6.4~6.8 28~35 3.5~5.5
城镇生活污泥 6.6~7.0 78~81 5.0~7.0
1） 园林绿化垃圾。本研究所用园林绿化垃圾来源于重庆市高新区、沙坪坝区的公共绿地修剪物，包括但不限于雅榕（Ficus concinna）、黄葛树（Ficus virens）、樟（Cinnamomum officinarum）、木樨（Osmanthus fragrans）、巧玲花（Syringa pubescens）、红花檵木（Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum）等树木的枝叶。将修剪物集中收集后粉碎至直径5 cm以下用于好氧发酵。
2）城镇生活污泥。用于协同堆肥的城镇生活污泥来自重庆中心城区生活污水处理厂，泥质符合GB/T 23486—2009《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置园林绿化用泥质》要求。

1.2 堆肥工艺参数

基于园林绿化垃圾和城镇生活污泥的基础理化性质，制定协同堆肥工艺参数。将城镇生活污泥与园林绿化垃圾混合均匀，体积比控制在1∶1.5~1∶2.0，初混料的含水率控制在55%~65%，然后进行槽式动态发酵，堆体高度1.2~1.3 m，翻抛频率为2~3 d/次，发酵周期为25~30 d，堆肥温度保持在55 ℃以上，至少持续7 d。

1.3 堆肥产物

对园林绿化垃圾与城镇生活污泥协同堆肥产物的基本理化指标进行分析检测，结果显示，堆肥产物的pH值为8.1，EC值（1∶5）为1.72 mS/cm，有机质含量达436 g/kg，高于一般有机肥产品。碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾等养分指标分别可达1.66×103 mg/kg、877 mg/kg和1.16×104 mg/kg。

1.4 土壤样品的采集与检测

为科学制定改良方案和评价改良后土壤质量提升效果，本研究分别在土壤改良前和土壤改良后（6~12个月）对土壤改良工程实施区域的土壤各进行一次土壤质量调查。按照各工程的土壤调查方案布置土壤样品采集点，按随机多点的原则在各样点采集混合样品，去除样品中的石块、草根等杂物后送回实验室，按照标准方法制备风干样品备测。
土壤样品检测的项目包括土壤pH值、有机质含量、碱解氮含量、有效磷含量和速效钾含量。土壤有机质采用重铬酸钾外加热法测定；pH值和EC值分别采用电位法和电导法进行测定；碱解氮含量采用碱解扩散法测定；有效磷含量用碳酸氢钠浸提可见分光光度计测定；速效钾含量用乙酸铵浸提火焰光度法测定[34]。

1.5 改良目标及改良材料用量计算

以“测土—配方—改良—提升”为土壤改良的思路，根据改良前土壤质量调查结果，结合改良区拟种植植物或已经种植植物对土壤的要求，找出影响该区域土壤质量的障碍因子，明确土壤质量提升方向，提出土壤改良方案。
以DBJ50/T-044-2019《园林种植土壤质量标准》的要求为依据，提出土壤改良方案的核心改良目标：土壤密度≤1.35 mg/m3，pH值范围在4.5~8.5，有机质含量≥15.0 g/kg，碱解氮含量≥80.0 mg/kg，有效磷含量≥15.0 mg/kg，速效钾含量≥80.0 mg/kg。
根据改良目标养分指标值与改良前土壤实测值之差估算改良材料用量，计算式
$ Y=\frac{{Y}_{1}-{Y}_{2}}{W}\times \rho \times h\times \mathrm{F}， $
式中：Y为改良材料用量，单位为 kg/m2；Y 1为单位质量土壤中改良目标的养分含量，单位为mg/kg；Y 2为单位质量土壤中实际的养分含量，单位为mg/kg；W为改良材料中的养分含量，单位为%；ρ为土壤密度，单位为mg/m3；h为改良深度，单位为cm；F为单位校正系数，值为1000。

2 土壤改良应用

城市绿地的土壤改良和矿山等废弃地的生态修复均需要大量的有机改良材料，给园林绿化垃圾等有机废弃物的资源化利用提供了广阔的空间。但由于不同应用场景的实际需求和土壤改良目标不同，其应用方法和措施也需因地制宜。本研究选取绿地土壤改良工程和矿山修复工程各1个，应用制得的堆肥产物，并评价其应用效果。

2.1 城市绿地土壤改良应用

2.1.1 区域概况

重庆市沙坪坝区凤中立交路段绿地栽植了54株蓝花楹（Jacaranda mimosifolia），现场踏勘发现蓝花楹冠幅较小，枝叶稀疏，植株瘦弱，整体长势差，开花量稀少，景观效果不佳。种植土壤以客土为主，树圈范围内有效种植土层厚度约40 cm，含有大量建筑垃圾，砾石含量高，0~30 cm土壤质地以壤土为主，30~40 cm土壤质地以黏壤土为主，40 cm以下土壤有大石块；树圈范围外有效种植土层厚度为10~20 cm，含有大量石骨子和碎石及未风化的岩石，有积水现象。
采集改良区内的土壤混合样品，每个样点采集3个土壤样品，取3个土壤样品的理化性质指标均值作为最终检测结果（表2），样品的pH值在7.4~8.0，符合DBJ50/T-044-2019《园林种植土壤质量标准》要求；但是EC值均低于0.3 mS/cm，有机质含量综合均值为 9.3 g/kg，显著低于标准水平；碱解氮和有效磷养分含量综合均值分别是47.3 mg/kg和 6.4 mg/kg，明显不足；2个样点土壤的速效钾含量轻微不足。
表2 改良前绿地种植土壤理化性质

Tab. 2 Physical and chemical properties of planting soil in green space before improvement

样品编号 pH值 EC值（1∶5）/
mS·cm-1		 有机质含量/
g·kg-1		 碱解氮含量/
mg·kg-1		 有效磷含量/
mg·kg-1		 速效钾含量/
mg·kg-1
1 7.4~7.5 0.229 9.1 45.6 4.0 78.3
2 7.8~7.9 0.104 4.6 53.2 4.7 68.8
3 7.8~8.0 0.127 14.2 43.1 10.5 97.3
综合均值 7.4~8.0 0.153 9.3 47.3 6.4 81.5
标准参考值 4.5~8.5 0.300~1.200 ≥15.0 ≥80.0 ≥15.0 ≥80.0

2.1.2 改良方案

土壤质量检测结果显示，城市绿地土壤改良前主要存在土壤侵入体多、土壤物理结构差、存在积水、土壤肥力低下等问题。蓝花楹为紫葳科蓝花楹属常绿乔木，喜肥沃、疏松、深厚、湿润且排水良好的中性和微酸性的土壤，在低洼积水或贫瘠的土壤中则容易生长不良。结合蓝花楹对土壤条件的需求，为改善土壤质量问题，提出改良方案。1）根据现场地势情况由高向低，顺势开挖排水沟引流。排水沟长2 m、宽0.2 m、深0.5~0.7 m，沟内铺2 m×0.8 m的无纺布，放入3~5 cm规格鹅卵石，无纺布反折后将鹅卵石完全包裹，形成2 m长、0.2 m宽、0.2 m深的排水、透气地下引流沟，用剔除石砾后的原土覆盖压实复原。2）沟内施协同堆肥产物。避开排水沟方向，于蓝花楹滴水线内挖2条长2 m、宽0.3 m、深0.5 m的平行沟，每条沟底部平铺3根以协同堆肥产物为原料研发的有机-无机复混棒肥 ①后，施用75 kg协同堆肥产物，最后用剔除石砾后的原土覆盖压实复原；未挖沟方向避开排水沟，均匀钻孔4个，每孔铺1根有机-无机复混棒肥，覆土复原。

2.1.3 城市绿地土壤改良效果

项目组在改良工程完成作业8个月后进行了改良后土壤质量调查，发现土壤pH值范围在7.5~7.7，均达到改良目标；土壤EC值和有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均得到了有效提升且达到改良目标。其中EC值显著提升至0.344 mS/cm，是改良前的2.2倍；有机质含量从9.3 g/kg提升至27.1 g/kg，较改良前提高了1.9倍；土壤碱解氮含量达到 99.4 mg/kg；有效磷含量从6.4 mg/kg提升至 42.0 mg/kg，较改良前提高了5.6倍；速效钾含量是改良前的2倍（表3）。植株景观效果也得到显著提升（图1），综合土壤检测和园林绿化植物外观状况评估结果，土壤改良技术的实施成效显著，土壤中的养分分布更加均衡，植物叶片更加鲜绿茂盛，生长速度明显加快，显示出良好的生长态势。
表3 改良后绿地种植土壤理化性质

Tab. 3 Physical and chemical properties of planting soil in green space after improvement

样品编号 pH值 EC值（1∶5）/
mS·cm-1		 有机质含量/
g·kg-1		 碱解氮含量/
mg·kg-1		 有效磷含量/
mg·kg-1		 速效钾含量/
mg·kg-1
1 7.6~7.7 0.326 25.8 95.4 36.3 133
2 7.5~7.6 0.363 28.7 103.3 65.1 176
3 7.6~7.7 0.345 26.9 99.5 24.6 182
综合均值 7.5~7.7 0.344 27.1 99.4 42.0 164
标准参考值 4.5~8.5 0.300~1.200 ≥15.0 ≥80.0 ≥15.0 ≥80
图1 城市绿地改良前后景观对比图

Fig. 1 Comparison of urban green space landscape before and after improvement

2.2 矿山修复土壤改良应用

2.2.1 区域概况

矿山修复土壤改良工程位于重庆市大渡口区某石灰矿区，该区域的矿山废弃地地质条件复杂且植物生长环境较差：边坡区域坡度较大且多为坚硬的碎石和石块，极少附土；地势平缓区域土层浅薄，碎石、石块较多。项目组分别对需修复区域的坡底、坡中和坡上的土壤进行了采样检测，在3个采样区域分别采3个样品。
检测结果显示，改良区域土壤pH值在8.3~8.6之间，偏碱；土壤有机质含量较低，碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾养分缺乏，无法为植株生长提供充足的养分（表4）。综合判断，改良区域土壤十分贫瘠、砾石含量高、立地环境差、有效土层厚度严重不足，无法满足大多常见植物生长对土壤的需求。
表4 修复前石灰矿区土壤理化性质

Tab. 4 Physical and chemical properties of soil the lime mine area to be improved before restoration

采样位置 pH值 EC值（1∶5）/
mS·cm-1		 有机质含量/
g·kg-1		 碱解氮含量/
mg·kg-1		 有效磷含量/
mg·kg-1		 速效钾含量/
mg·kg-1
坡底 8.3 0.287 5.2 27.2 6.0 75.2
坡中 8.4 0.243 5.4 21.6 7.4 61.3
坡上 8.6 0.216 4.9 25.0 5.4 55.7

2.2.2 改良方案

本区域矿山复绿工程的思路：科学选择乡土物种，采用乔木+攀缘植物+草本的植物配置方式，使用工程措施为植物创造有利的生长条件，后期配合适宜的养护方法，形成稳定的群落空间[35]。具体工程措施：根据矿区坡面情况，在地势较缓的坡面底部、中部扩大种植平台或挖掘种植坑，在种植平台或种植坑底部回填由协同堆肥产物与原生土壤混合配置的营养种植土，为乔木和草本植物提供适宜生长的土壤环境；对坡度较大的硬岩边坡创面进行清理、钻孔、挂网，为攀缘植物生长提供附着环境。具体土壤改良措施为在种植平台和种植坑中施用协同堆肥产物。在地势平缓区域的种植平台，剔除原有较大的砾石石块后，施用25 kg/m2协同堆肥产物与原生土壤充分混匀，改良土壤深度30 cm；在坡中挖掘的种植坑，每个种植坑深40~50 cm，施用40~50 kg/m2协同堆肥产物作为底肥后，回填剔除了较大砾石石块的原生土壤。在栽植植物选择方面，乔木主要选用合欢（Albizia julibrissin）和黄葛树，攀缘植物主要选用油麻藤（Mucuna sempervirens），草本植物以野菊（Chrysanthemum indicum）为主。

2.2.3 矿区土壤改良效果

项目组在该区域矿山修复工作完成后的2年间进行了持续观察，发现在修复后的区域植物长势良好，植被茂密，复绿面积大（图2）。修复工程完成2年后，项目组对改良区域的土壤质量进行检测，检测结果显示改良后土壤的pH值达到改良目标，有机质含量显著高于改良前，碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾等养分充足（表5）。表明改良后的土壤可以持续有效地为植物的生长提供营养，保证该区域景观可持续性，同时随着草本植物的生长，土壤保肥能力逐渐增强，区域土壤环境已进入良好生态循环。由此说明，园林绿化垃圾与生活污泥的协同堆肥产物是一种良好的土壤改良剂，可以提高土壤有机质和养分的含量，改善土壤结构，促进植被生长，实现矿山快速复绿。鉴于矿山生态修复对优质土壤的需求量巨大，相较于传统修复基质，园林绿化垃圾与生活污泥的协同堆肥产物的生产成本更低，矿山修复也为城市有机固废资源化利用提供了有效的利用途径。
图2 矿山修复前后景观对比图

Fig. 2 Comparison of mine landscape before and after restoration

表5 修复后石灰矿区土壤理化性质

Tab. 5 Physical and chemical properties of soil in the lime mine area after restoration

采样位置 pH值 EC值（1∶5）/
mS·cm-1		 有机质含量/
g·kg-1		 碱解氮含量/
mg·kg-1		 有效磷含量/
mg·kg-1		 速效钾含量/
mg·kg-1
坡底 7.8 0.374 48.6 210.0 95.0 341.0
坡中 8.1 0.370 59.2 242.0 120.0 378.0
坡上 8.0 0.627 76.4 280.0 135.0 519.0

2.3 园林绿化垃圾在土壤质量提升应用中的措施

1）建立完善的园林绿化垃圾的收集、运输和处理体系。推进园林绿化垃圾在土壤质量提升中的资源化利用，首先需要建立完善的园林绿化垃圾收集、运输和处理体系，确保园林绿化垃圾得到及时、有效的收集和处置利用。除可单一堆肥化处置外，园林绿化垃圾协同其他城市固体有机废弃物进行堆肥亦为一条高效的处理途径。园林绿化垃圾堆肥产物在土壤改良工程中应用时，需要根据土壤本底条件和植物需求制定科学的改良方案，因此需要推进园林绿化垃圾堆肥产物土地利用的标准体系的建设，规范园林绿化垃圾处理和资源化利用的行为，同时加强技术推广和培训工作，提高从业人员的技术水平和操作能力。
2）建立健全园林绿化垃圾资源化利用的市场机制。无论是用于城市绿地土壤质量的提升还是矿山生态修复，园林绿化垃圾都有良好的市场应用前景。相对应的，亟待建立健全园林绿化垃圾资源化利用的市场机制，鼓励和支持社会企业参与推动园林绿化垃圾资源化利用的市场发展。建立资源化利用跟踪机制，对园林绿化垃圾的处理和利用过程进行全程跟踪和监管，确保资源化利用的效果和质量。形成多部门参与的协同工作机制，实现园林绿化垃圾资源化利用的全过程管理和全方位服务。

3 结论与展望

园林绿化垃圾与城镇生活污泥的协同堆肥产物在土壤改良中可发挥重要的作用，不仅可以调节土壤酸碱度，还可以很好地弥补单组分改良的局限性，提高土壤养分含量，改善土壤结构和植物生长微环境，促进“土壤—植物”的健康循环。在实际应用中，需要根据改良目的、绿地类型、植物种类、场地建成时间、地形地貌等情况，因地制宜，采用不同工程措施和改良技术，将协同堆肥产物科学地应用于土壤改良工程中。园林绿化垃圾在土壤改良中的应用，既能有助于提升景观效果、促进生态环境恢复，还是城市有机固废资源化利用的有效途径。
《国务院办公厅关于加快构建废弃物循环利用体系的意见》（国办发〔2024〕7号）强调构建废弃物循环利用体系是实施全面节约战略、保障国家资源安全、积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和、加快发展方式绿色转型的重要举措。根据各类废弃物来源、规模、资源价值、利用方式、生态环境影响等特性，分类明确废弃物循环利用技术路径，因地制宜地布局资源循环利用产业，提高废弃物循环利用体系运转效率。本应用研究立足于城市园林绿化垃圾的特点，采用技术成熟、低碳环保的堆肥处置技术，结合城市绿地质量提升和矿山生态修复等工程对土壤改良基质的需求，响应国家循环经济和绿色发展理念，实现了园林绿化垃圾“来于自然，归于自然”，为城市园林绿化垃圾资源化处理利用提供了完整且成熟的技术产业链思路，以期促进资源循环利用产业的发展。

① 有机-无机复混棒肥是笔者团队自主研发的发明专利产品（专利名称：一种有机-无机复混缓释棒肥的制作方法，专利号：ZL201610410793.9），以好氧堆肥产物为有机肥料的主要原料，经混配一定比例的无机肥料，均匀混合后，使用专用设备压缩成有机-无机复混缓释棒肥，棒肥为圆柱形，长度20 cm，直径5 cm，具有养分高、持续、高效、缓释等特点。

文中图表均由作者绘制。

References

Publishing order | Descend order by publishing year | Descend order by cited within
[1]
梁晓烽, 王虹, 李玉中, 等. 沼液与园林废弃物共堆肥下的氮素转化及其微生物作用机制[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(7): 1745-1753.

LIANG X F, WANG H, LI Y Z, et al. Nitrogen Transformation and Its Microbial Mechanism Under Co-Composting of Biogas Slurry with Garden Waste[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(7): 1745-1753.

[2]
胡永恒, 张程, 万华琴, 等. 不同园林废弃物堆肥过程中化学性状变化及其对发芽指数的影响[J]. 南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2023, 47(6): 133-140.

DOI

HU Y H, ZHANG C, WAN H Q, et al. Changes of Chemical Properties During Composting of Different Garden Wastes and Their Effects on Germination Index[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 47(6): 133-140.

DOI

[3]
ZHANG B X, FAN F F, GUO C, et al. Evaluation of Maturity and Odor Emissions in the Process of Combined Composting of Kitchen Waste and Garden Waste[J]. Applied Sciences, 2021, 11(12): 5500

DOI

[4]
孙玉鑫, 常瑞雪, 李季, 等. 园林绿化垃圾堆肥化处理的优化策略研究[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2024, 29(3): 63-78.

DOI

SUN Y X, CHANG R X, LI J, et al. Study on the Optimization Strategies for Green Waste Composting Treatment[J]. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2024, 29(3): 63-78.

DOI

[5]
蔡文婷, 陈艳, 伏凯, 等. 基于文献计量分析的中国城市园林绿化垃圾资源化处理利用研究[J]. 园林, 2021, 38(8): 54-62.

DOI

CAI W T, CHEN Y, FU K, et al. Research on the Recycling and Utilization of Urban Garden Waste in China Based on Bibliometric Analysis[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2021, 38(8): 54-62.

DOI

[6]
陈艳, 王香春, 蔡文婷, 等. 园林垃圾资源化处理技术研究进展: 基于Citespace和VOSViewer知识图谱分析[J]. 环境卫生工程, 2021, 29(2): 22-34.

CHEN Y, WANG X C, CAI W T, et al. Research Progress on the Resource Treatment Technology of Garden Waste: Based on the Knowledge Map Analysis of Citespace and VOS Viewers[J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2021, 29(2): 22-34.

[7]
王胜永, 吴晗, 张天颖. 园林绿化废弃物资源化利用技术进展探究[J]. 现代园艺, 2017(10): 158

WANG Y S, WU H, ZHANG T Y. Research on the Technical Progress of Resource Utilization of Garden Greening Waste[J]. Modern Horticulture, 2017(10): 158

[8]
蔡守峰, 萧优平, 贺文员, 等. 园林绿化垃圾资源化利用产品在园林绿化中的应用效果评价[J]. 中国农学通报, 2021, 37(29): 64-70.

DOI

CAI S F, XIAO Y P, HE W Y, et al. The Evaluation of Application of Landscaping Waste Resource Utilization Products in Landscaping[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(29): 64-70.

DOI

[9]
陈月, 杨丽军, 胡艳燕, 等. 园林废弃物制成的有机覆盖物对土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 南方农业, 2022, 16(23): 121-123.

CHEN Y, YANG L J, HU Y Y, et al. Effects of Organic Mulch Made from Garden Wastes on Soil Physicochemical Properties[J]. South China Agriculture, 2022, 16(23): 121-123.

[10]
罗景阳, 李依, 李涵, 等. 基于城市固体废弃物的生物炭制备及其在垃圾填埋场和土壤改良中的应用研究进展[J]. 环境工程, 2022, 40(3): 194-202.

LUO J Y, LI Y, LI H, et al. Research Progress on Biochar Production Derived from Municipal Solid Waste and Its Application in Landfills Treatment and Soil Improvement[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2022, 40(3): 194-202.

[11]
YAO J, WANG Z, LIU M, et al. Nitrate-Nitrogen Adsorption Characteristics and Mechanisms of Various Garden Waste Biochars[J]. Materials, 2023, 16: 1-17.

[12]
李婧男, 汪群慧, 梁宝瑞, 等. 园林废弃物对滨海盐渍土固碳减排效应与微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 环境工程, 2024, 42(1): 95-101.

LI J N, WANG Q H, LIANG B R, et al. Effects of Garden Waste on Emission Reduction and Microblalcommunity in Coastal Saline Sail[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2024, 42(1): 95-101.

[13]
RIJO B, SOARES DIAS A P, SAKSIWI N D, et al. Biofuels from Pyrolysis of Third-Generation Biomass from Household and Garden Waste Composting Bin: Kinetics Analysis[J]. Reactions, 2023, 4(2): 295-310.

DOI

[14]
常远, 李若琪, 李珺, 等. 好氧堆肥腐殖酸形成机制及促腐调控技术概述[J]. 中国环境科学, 2023, 43(10): 5291-5302.

CHANG Y, LI R Q, LI J, et al. Mechanism and Regulation Method of Humic Acid Formation in Composting: A Review[J]. China Environmental Science, 2023, 43(10): 5291-5302.

[15]
闫芳彬, 郑景明, 宫殷婷, 等. 园林废弃物资源化处理对人工林土壤养分及微生物碳源利用的影响[J]. 浙江农林大学学报, 2023, 40(5): 1045-1053.

DOI

YAN F B, ZHENG J M, GONG Y T, et al. Effects of Garden Waste Reuse Treatments on Soil Nutrients and Microbial Carbon Source Utilization in Plantation Soil[J]. Journal of Zhejiang A&F University, 2023, 40(5): 1045-1053.

DOI

[16]
刘源鑫, 李维庭, 孙向阳, 等. 园林废弃物堆肥对铅镉污染土壤的修复效果[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2022, 41(4): 802-810.

LIU Y X, LI W T, SUN X Y, et al. Pb and Cd-Polluted Soil Remediation Effects by Green Waste Compost[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2022, 41(4): 802-810.

[17]
赖余港, 陈君晓, 赵彩霞, 等. 园林废弃物堆肥操作参数调控及优化策略研究进展[J]. 杭州师范大学学报（自然科学版）, 2022, 21(3): 291-300.

LAI Y G, CHEN J X, ZHAO C X, et al. Operation Parameter Control and Optimization Strategy of Garden Waste Composting: A Review[J]. Journal of Hangzhou Normal University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2022, 21(3): 291-300.

[18]
司莉青, 陈利民, 郑景明, 等. 城市污泥与园林废弃物堆肥混合添加对土壤改良的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2018, 35(1): 1-9.

SI L Q, CHEN L M, ZHENG J M, et al. Effects of Mixed Sewage Sludge and Garden Waste Composts on Potting Soil Amendment[J]. Pratacultural Science, 2018, 35(1): 1-9.

[19]
LI Y, SUN B, DENG T, et al. Safety and Efficiency of Sewage Sludge and Garden Waste Compost as a Soil Amendment Based on the Field Application in Woodland[J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2021, 222: 112497

DOI

[20]
孟国欣, 查同刚, 巩潇, 等. 污泥添加园林废弃物堆肥过程参数变化及腐熟度综合评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2018, 27(8): 1538-1546.

MENG G X, ZHA T G, GONG X, et al. Parameter Changes and Comprehensive Evaluation of Maturity During the Composting Process of Adding Garden Waste to Sewage Sludge[J]. Ecology and Environment Sciences, 2018, 27(8): 1538-1546.

[21]
郭振胜, 张可意, 冀薇, 等. 园林废弃物与污泥混合堆肥的理化性质变化规律研究[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2023, 51(20): 57-62.

GUO Z S, ZHANG K Y, JI W, et al. Study on Changes of Physicochemical Properties of Co-composting of Garden Waste and Sludge[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 51(20): 57-62.

[22]
韦依伶, 巩潇, 苏光瑞, 等. 城市污泥与园林废弃物堆肥混合应用的效果评价[J]. 绿色科技, 2018(24): 30-33.

WEI Y L, GONG X, SU G R, et al. Evaluation on the Effect of Mixed Application of Urban Sludge and Garden Waste Composts[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2018(24): 30-33.

[23]
赵霞, 胡自航, 郑景明, 等. 污泥与园林废弃物混合堆肥对波斯菊生长及重金属积累的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2019, 38(3): 810-817.

ZHAO X, HU Z H, ZHENG J J, et al. Effects of Mixed Compost of Sewage Sludge and Green Waste on Growth and Heavy Metal Accumulation of Cosmos Bipinnatus Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2019, 38(3): 810-817.

[24]
重庆市统计局, 国家统计局重庆市调查总队.重庆统计年鉴[M].重庆: 中国统计出版社, 2023: 178.

Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Statistics, National Bureau of Statistics Chongqing Survey Office. Chongqing Statistical Yearbook[M]. Chongqing: China Statistics Press, 2023, 178.

[25]
刘晓文, 张莹莹, 钟艳辉. 重庆市主城区园林绿化废弃物产生量及处置情况调研[J]. 低碳世界, 2020, 10(3): 1-2.

LIU X W, ZHANG Y Y, ZHONG Y H. Investigation on the Production and Disposal of Garden Greening Waste in Main Urban Area of Chongqing[J]. Low Carbon World, 2020, 10(3): 1-2.

[26]
杨丽军, 王丽娟, 朱本国, 等. 重庆市主城区城市绿地土壤质量研究现状[J]. 绿色科技, 2019(19): 16-17.

DOI

YANG L J, WANG L J, ZHU B G, et al. Research Status of Urban Green Land Soil Quality in Chongqing City[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2019(19): 16-17.

DOI

[27]
朱本国, 王丽娟, 胡艳燕, 等. 重庆城市绿地土壤质量现状分析与改良建议[J]. 现代园艺, 2020, 43(15): 30-32.

ZHU B G, WANG L J, HU Y Y, et al. Analysis of Soil Quality Status and Suggestions for Improvement of Urban Green Space in Chongqing[J]. Modern Horticulture, 2020, 43(15): 30-32.

[28]
王丽娟, 何琴, 朱本国, 等. 重庆市大渡口区矿山废弃地土壤现状分析[J]. 南方农业, 2021, 15(23): 1-3.

WANG L J, HE Q, ZHU B G, et al. Analysis of Soil Status in Abandoned Mine Land in Dadukou District, Chongqing[J]. South China Agriculture, 2021, 15(23): 1-3.

[29]
郝桂枝, 祝浩翔, 秦坤蓉, 等. 重庆市石灰岩废弃矿山生态修复植物的筛选与应用[J]. 林业调查规划, 2019, 44(2): 77-81.

DOI

HAO G Z, ZHU H X, QIN K R, et al. Selection and Application of Ecological Restoration Plants for Abandoned Limestone Mines in Chongqing[J]. Forest Inventory and Planning, 2019, 44(2): 77-81.

DOI

[30]
龚维清. 污泥堆肥应用于废弃金属矿山表土基质改良的研究[J]. 湖南有色金属, 2023, 39(2): 59-62.

GONG W Q. Study on the Application of Sludge Compost to the Improvement of Topsoil Matrix in Abandoned Metal Mines[J]. Hunan Nonferrous Metals, 2023, 39(2): 59-62.

[31]
陈思思, 董滨, 徐祖信. 矿山生态修复及市政污泥稳定化产物应用潜力[J]. 中国环境科学, 2022, 42(12): 5734-5747.

CHEN S S, DONG B, XU Z X. Mine Land Ecological Restoration and Application Potential of Sewage Sludge Stabilization Products[J]. China Environmental Science, 2022, 42(12): 5734-5747.

[32]
MALONE Z, BERHE A A, RYALS R. Impacts of Organic Matter Amendments on Urban Soil Carbon and Soil Quality: A Meta-Analysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2023, 419: 138-148.

[33]
LI J N, ZHANG H Y, ZHENG L. Influence of Organic Amendments Based on Garden Waste for Microbial Community Growth in Coastal Saline Soil[J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(6): 5038

DOI

[34]
王丽娟, 何琴, 白家云, 等.重庆市主城区公园绿地土壤养分状况调查与评价[J].绿色科技, 2018（19）: 1-3.

WANG L J, HE Q, BAI J Y, et al. Investigation and Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Status of Green Park in the Main Urban Area of Chongqing[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2018(19): 1-3.

[35]
李惠敏, 高建梅. 重庆市石灰岩矿边坡植物配置研究: 以重庆市石柱县石灰岩矿为例[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2021, 39(12): 34-36.

DOI

LI H M, GAO J M. Study on Plant Configuration of Limestone Mine Slope in Chongqing City: Take the Limestone Mine in Shizhu County, Chongqing City as an Example[J]. Journal of Green Science and Technology, 2021, 39(12): 34-36.

DOI

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉