Character Assessment and Management of Agricultural Landscape in the Alluvial Zone of the Pearl River Delta
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YAO Yunjiao is a Ph.D. candidate in the School of Architecture, South China University of Technology. Her research focuses on landscape change and landscape character |
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ZHOU Jianyun, Master, is a professor in the School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, and a member of the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science. His research focuses on urban planning and design, and urban planning regulations |
Received date: 2023-07-29
Revised date: 2023-11-28
Online published: 2025-12-11
Copyright
[Objective] The agricultural landscape in the alluvial plain of the Pearl River Delta is spread over the plains formed by the alluvial deposits of many rivers in the shallow bay. The highly developed river network and water system, while providing convenience for agricultural production, also place higher demands on the rational development of soil and water resources. In history, local residents mainly adopted the method of embankment construction and reclamation to compete with the rivers for fields, and the interaction between humans and water lasted for more than a thousand years, giving birth to an agricultural landscape with unique landscape characters. Agricultural practices have led to profound landscape changes, with corresponding landscape characters being the result of the interaction between natural and human factors. However, in the practice of rapid urbanization and agricultural intensification, homogenized and standardized construction is rapidly expanding, and modern urban landscape elements are superimposed on traditional agricultural landscape, making the landscape highly fragmented with their characters weakened or deviating from the original landscape characters, while resulting in a continuous loss of the diversity and continuity of the agricultural landscape. Character assessment is an important basis for the management and conservation of the agricultural landscape in the context of rapid urbanization. [Methods] This research adopts the landscape character assessment (LCA) method to categorize the characters of agricultural landscape in the alluvial zone of the Pearl River Delta, and selects geographic evolution, river basin, and land cover as character superimposition elements. To better represent the interaction between natural processes and human activities or the degree of interaction between the two in the past, and to understand the historical influence if such interaction on landscape formation and characterization, the research superimposes the process of regional geographic evolution as one of the criteria for delineating landscape character areas. Specifically, the geographical evolution of the research area is divided into five stages: the period of the Han and Tang dynasties, the period of the Song and Yuan dynasties, the period of the Ming Dynasty, the period of the Qing Dynasty, and the modern period. [Results] Through GIS analysis and manual-assisted correction, the research delineates 6 primary and 14 secondary agricultural landscape character types, and draws a regional-scale agricultural landscape character map. Meanwhile, the research carries out attribute summarization and typological classification of character types, and summarizes three agricultural landscape types, namely dike-pond landscape, field landscape, and flower and seedling landscape, which are also illustrated and characterized by typical samples (5 km × 5 km). The six primary landscape character types and their respective characteristics are described as follows. 1) Agricultural landscape in the northwestern part of the North and West River Delta: basal ponds in this area vary in size and scale. 2) Agricultural landscape in the north-central part of the North and West River Delta: The long history of agriculture enables this area to preserve the traditional pattern of agricultural landscape, with the traditional flower and tree areas combining agricultural tourism with production and operation. 3) Agricultural landscape in the central part of the North and West River Delta: As the main cultivation area in the alluvial plain of the Pearl River Delta, this area boasts highly developed agriculture, and the agricultural landscape here is characterized by a homogeneous rectangular grid; besides, a large-scale and intensive greenhouse agricultural landscape has been formed in this area. 4) Agricultural landscape in the southern part of the North and West River Delta: Most of the agricultural lands in this area are formed by swidden cultivation, and the agricultural landscape here presents regularized and standardized geometric segmentation, which is significantly different from other areas. 5) Agricultural landscape in the Tam River Delta: This area is featured by a large-scale uniform fruit tree cultivation landscape. 6) Agricultural landscape in the Dongjiang River Delta: This area has excellent soil and water resources and is dominated by fruit and vegetable cultivation. [Conclusion] Dyke enclosure and the water system structure and land boundaries delineated by dyke enclosure are identified as key character elements of the agricultural landscape in the research area, and also a key part of the management strategies for agricultural landscape. This research suggests different management strategies for different types of agricultural landscapes. The dike-pond agricultural landscape is the most widespread and representative landscape type in the research area. It is most affected by urban development, and with the continuous “point – line – plane” expansion of local settlement patterns, the dike-pond texture is gradually fragmented and regularized. The management of such landscape should focus on conservation at the macro, meso, and micro levels. The field landscape takes plains and coastal mudflats as the main source of land, and is closely linked to land development and production entity. The management of such landscape should focus on regeneration, a combination of recreational activities such as agricultural tourism and picking with industrial and institutional renewal, and synergistic development with the city, to create a new type of urban field landscape. The flower and seedling landscape is a new type of agricultural landscape that combines production, sales, recreation and tourism, concentrated in traditional flower and tree areas. The management of such a landscape should focus on the maintenance of the current status. This type of agricultural landscape is minimally affected by modern urban landscape elements, with roads and settlements forming part of the corresponding transport and sales landscape.
Yunjiao YAO , Jianyun ZHOU . Character Assessment and Management of Agricultural Landscape in the Alluvial Zone of the Pearl River Delta[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2024 , 31(1) : 56 -63 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202307290343
| 分区 | 成陆时期 | 范围 | 地形地貌特征 | 地下水性质 | |
| 西北江 三角洲 | 西北部 | 4 000年以前 | 思贤滘—三水以北 | 多为积水洼地 | 多为淡水型 |
| 中北部 | 新石器及秦汉时期, 部分为唐代 | 思贤滘以南,黄埔—石楼—上街市—荷塘—江门一线以西 | 平原与丘陵台地 | 微咸水型 | |
| 中部 | 宋代以后 | 黄埔—石楼—上街市—荷塘—江门一线以东,五桂山以北 | 地势十分平坦;汊道发育程度较高,是珠江三角洲最典型的网河区 | 咸水型,是地下肥水的主要分布区 | |
| 南部 | 明清后 | 沙溪—大鳌—睦州一线以南 | 处于五桂山、黄杨山等低山丘陵之间 | 地下水矿化度高,是咸酸田的分布区 | |
| 潭江三角洲 | 唐代后 | 以江门河为东界 | 地势平坦 | 地下肥水的分布区 | |
| 东江三角洲 | 唐代后 | 以狮子洋为西界 | 地势平坦 | 淡水型及微咸水型 | |
表2 珠江三角洲冲积区农业景观样本图解Tab. 2 Illustration of sampled agricultural landscape in the alluvial zone of the Pearl River Delta |
| 类型 | 样本 | 区位 | 围垦时期 | 生产主体 | 卫星图及要素图解 | 特征描述 | 关键要素 | 管理策略 |
| 基塘农业景观 | A | 西北江三角洲中北部区 | 唐代 | 家庭或村委 | ① | 自然有机的水系结构;有机形态的基塘划分;聚落在山岗等高地呈块状分布 | 堤围划分的水系结构;基塘边界及形态;堤围窦闸构成的水利系统 | 保护 |
| B | 西北江三角洲南部区 | 现代 | 国营农场或产业园区 | ② | 直线交错的水系结构;规则网格型的基塘划分;聚落在河道或道路两侧呈线状分布 | |||
| 田园农业景观 | C | 东江三角洲 | 宋元 | 家庭或村委 | ③ | 围田;形态较有机;聚落在道路交叉处呈块状分布 | 堤围划分的土地形态;围垦时期及土壤类型;堤围窦闸构成的排灌系统 | 更新 |
| D | 西北江三角洲中部区 | 明清 | 国营农场或产业园区 | ④ | 沙田;形态较规则;聚落在河道或道路两侧呈线状分布 | |||
| 花卉苗木农业景观 | E | 西北江三角洲中北部区 | 秦汉 | 苗木公司 | ⑤ | 由水系及道路划分边界;形态较规则;聚落在道路交叉处呈片状分布 | 标准化苗木基地、苗圃大棚;以人工开挖水渠为主 | 维持 |
| F | 西北江三角洲中部区 | 宋元 | 苗木公司 | ⑥ | 由水系及道路划分边界;规则网格结构;聚落在道路交叉处呈片状分布 |
① 此数据来源于广东省水利厅关于“珠江三角洲水系”的描述。
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