Research on Characteristics and Influencing Factors of High Temperature Disaster Risk in Wuhan Based on Local Climate Zone
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GUO Shujing gained her master degree in Huazhong Agricultural University, and is currently a professional and technical personnel in Xiaogan Territorial Spatial Planning Research Institute. Her research focuses on microclimate effects of green spaces |
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ZHANG Li, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University. Her research focuses on microclimate effects of green spaces |
Received date: 2024-05-23
Revised date: 2024-11-18
Online published: 2025-12-07
Copyright
[Objective] Against the background of rapid urbanization and global warming, Wuhan is frequently hit by extreme heat events, which not only poses a serious threat to the health status of local residents, but also brings great losses to socio-economic development. Mapping the high temperature disaster risk in the urban development area of Wuhan and analyzing the high temperature disaster risk and influencing factors thereof at the local scale can provide an important basis for the prevention of high temperature disasters in the city.
[Methods] Based on the “hazard – exposure – vulnerability” high temperature disaster risk assessment framework proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, this research constructed an assessment system by utilizing multi-source data, and then pre-processes all relevant indicators to make them dimensionless. Then, a combination of the analytic hierarchy process and principal component analysis is adopted to assign weights to the indicators, with such weights being finally superimposed to obtain the hazard map, exposure map and vulnerability map, respectively. On this basis, a high temperature disaster risk map of the urban development area of Wuhan is synthesized to identify the distribution characteristics of high temperature disaster risk in the research area. Then Landsat 8 remote sensing images are processed with SAGA GIS software, Google Earth Pro software, and Random Forest algorithm to classify the urban development area of Wuhan into 17 local climate zone (LCZ) types based on the remote sensing image classification method of World Urban Database and Access Portal Tools (WUDAPT). With 70% random samples used for drawing and 30% random samples used for checking, LCZ maps that meet the requirements of classification accuracy are obtained and analyzed for site identification at the local scale. The LCZ maps are then superimposed on the high temperature disaster risk map to identify the local-scale characteristics of high temperature disaster risk, analyze the degree of high temperature disaster risk for each LCZ type and the differences in high temperature disaster risk between different LCZ types, and explore the reasons for such differences. Finally, eight types of LCZ landscape pattern indices are preliminarily selected at the type and landscape scale levels, and the optimal research size is obtained using the moving window method in Fragstats 4.2 software. Furthermore, highly correlated LCZ types are screened out under the optimal size, the multicollinearity of all LCZ landscape pattern indices is examined and those with multicollinearity are excluded. Finally, geographically weighted regression (GWR) models are used to explore the effect of LCZ landscape patterns on spatial heterogeneity of high temperature disaster risk.
[Results] The characteristics of high temperature disaster risk in each district do not differ much, and the overall spatial presentation of the development center of each district gradually decreases from high to low, with high-risk areas mainly located in the south-central part of Caidian District, the west and north of Jiangxia District, the dense industrial parks in the south of Dongxihu District, the Wuhan Iron and Steel Factory in Qingshan District, and the Tianhe Airport in Huangpi District, and the low-risk areas are mainly in the watershed part. Jianghan, Qiaokou, and Qingshan districts have relatively high average value of high temperature disaster risk due to high population density or dense buildings, while Wuchang and Hongshan districts have relatively low average value of high temperature disaster risk due to the presence of large areas of water and green areas therein. Overlaying the LCZ maps with the normalized high temperature disaster risk maps, it can be seen that, among the building types, sparse built-up area (LCZ 9) has the lowest average value of high temperature disaster risk, and the average value of high temperature disaster risk is significantly higher than that of the other building types in large low-rise buildings (LCZ 8) and heavy industrial buildings (LCZ 10), which are mainly industrial plants and heavy industrial zones with large building area. Among the natural environment types, water area (LCZ G) has the lowest average value of high temperature disaster risk, which indicates that water can effectively mitigate the risk of high temperature disaster; while for bare rock (LCZ E), exposed sand (LCZ F), and construction building (LCZ H) exposed outdoor, they typically have higher values of high temperature disaster risk due to solar radiation for a long time. As to landscape pattern indices, the area percentage of landscape (PLAND) has a higher influence on high temperature disaster risk than aggregation index (AI).
[Conclusion] Based on the research results above, strategies to cope with high temperature disasters are proposed. First, the area of vegetation and water should be increased. Secondly, the building layout should be rationally planned. Meanwhile, anthropogenic heat source emissions should also be controlled. Finally, high temperature service facilities should be improved to enhance the city's coping ability.
Shujing GUO , Li ZHANG . Research on Characteristics and Influencing Factors of High Temperature Disaster Risk in Wuhan Based on Local Climate Zone[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2025 , 32(1) : 105 -113 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202405230292
表1 高温灾害风险评估指标体系Tab. 1 Indicator system for assessment of high temperature disaster risk |
| 目标层 | 准则层 | 指标层 | 指标性质 | 层次分析法 权重/% | 主成分分析法 权重/% | 主客观结合法 权重/% | |
| 注:老年人身体机能下降,儿童的免疫系统尚未完全发育成熟,他们均易受到高温影响,是高温热浪敏感人群,因此敏感性POI包括幼儿园、小学、养老院、老年人活动中心;医院有专业医疗设备和医护人员,能够快速响应高温天气下可能出现的突发状况,公园和广场通常拥有大片绿地和树木,能够提供清凉遮阴和休闲娱乐等方面的功能,因此适宜性POI包括医院、公园、广场、风景名胜。 | |||||||
| 武汉市都市 发展区高温 灾害风险 | 危险性(H) | 地表温度 | 正向 | 24.71 | 19.37 | 22.040 | |
| 暴露度(E) | HSI | 正向 | 16.53 | 8.89 | 12.710 | ||
| NDBI | 10.22 | 11.38 | 10.800 | ||||
| 脆弱性(V) | 敏感性 | 敏感性POI核密度 | 正向 | 17.72 | 7.20 | 12.460 | |
| 土地利用类型 | 11.44 | 16.90 | 14.170 | ||||
| 适宜性 | 适宜性POI核密度 | 负向 | 4.72 | 7.39 | 6.055 | ||
| 植被覆盖率 | 7.26 | 14.54 | 10.900 | ||||
| 水域缓冲区 | 7.40 | 14.33 | 10.865 | ||||
表2 景观格局指数描述Tab. 2 Description on landscape pattern indices |
| 景观格局指数 | 描述 |
| 斑块类型面积百分比(PLAND) | 某一斑块类型在整体景观中所占的面积比例 |
| 连续度(CONTIG_MN) | 反映景观组分关系的异质性指数 |
| 斑块密度(PD) | 某一斑块类型在景观中的密度 |
| 斑块破碎化指数(SPLIT) | 景观空间被分割后的破碎化程度 |
| 最大斑块指数(LPI) | 某一单元中最大面积斑块的面积比例 |
| 聚集度指数(AI) | 景观或斑块聚合的程度 |
| 平均形状指数(SHAPE_AM) | 斑块边长与面积的比值 |
| 香农多样性指数(SHDI) | 描述景观的多样性 |
表3 各类型LCZ的PLAND与高温灾害风险值的相关系数Tab. 3 Correlation coefficient between the PLAND values of each type of LCZ and high temperature disaster risk values |
| LCZ类型 | 相关系数 | LCZ类型 | 相关系数 | |
| 注:**表示在0.01级别显著相关。 | ||||
| PLAND 1 | 0.208** | PLAND A | −0.190** | |
| PLAND 2 | 0.166** | PLAND B | −0.059** | |
| PLAND 3 | 0.156** | PLAND C | 0.288** | |
| PLAND 4 | 0.289** | PLAND D | −0.230** | |
| PLAND 5 | 0.294** | PLAND E | 0.223** | |
| PLAND 6 | 0.116** | PLAND F | 0.238** | |
| PLAND 8 | 0.490** | PLAND G | −0.572** | |
| PLAND 9 | −0.035** | PLAND H | 0.356** | |
| PLAND 10 | 0.274** | |||
表4 各类型 LCZ 面积占比Tab. 4 Area proportion of each LCZ type |
| LCZ类型 | 占比/% | LCZ类型 | 占比/% | |
| LCZ 1 | 0.02 | LCZ A | 3.73 | |
| LCZ 2 | 0.70 | LCZ B | 8.54 | |
| LCZ 3 | 0.86 | LCZ C | 6.67 | |
| LCZ 4 | 9.09 | LCZ D | 36.61 | |
| LCZ 5 | 5.77 | LCZ E | 0.35 | |
| LCZ 6 | 0.48 | LCZ F | 1.40 | |
| LCZ 8 | 7.84 | LCZ G | 13.28 | |
| LCZ 9 | 1.58 | LCZ H | 2.24 | |
| LCZ 10 | 0.84 |
表5 各指标GWR模型分析结果Tab. 5 Indicator analysis results from GWR model |
| 指标 | 最小值 | 中位数 | 最大值 | 平均值 | 正值面积占比/% | 负值面积占比/% |
| PLAND 4 | −0.102 | 0.094 | 0.662 | 0.104 | 90.35 | 9.65 |
| PLAND 5 | −0.584 | 0.096 | 1.699 | 0.092 | 85.05 | 14.95 |
| PLAND 8 | 0.114 | 0.262 | 0.525 | 0.269 | 100.00 | 0 |
| PLAND 10 | −5.487 | 0.230 | 2.160 | 0.236 | 86.28 | 13.72 |
| PLAND C | −3.021 | 0.118 | 3.121 | 0.024 | 81.69 | 18.31 |
| PLAND G | −1.013 | −0.478 | −0.263 | −0.496 | 0 | 100.00 |
| PLAND H | −1.498 | 0.246 | 0.909 | 0.295 | 99.80 | 0.20 |
| AI | −0.477 | −0.069 | 0.139 | −0.086 | 12.22 | 87.78 |
| SPLIT | −0.210 | −0.033 | 0.223 | −0.021 | 33.53 | 66.47 |
文中图表均由作者绘制,其中
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