Review and Prospect of Research on Urban Walking Safety and Environmental Influencing Factors Thereof
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LI Lin is a Ph.D. candidate in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP), Tongji University. Her research focuses on urban design and theory |
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YE Yu, Ph.D., is a professor in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP), Tongji University, and deputy director of the Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat, Ministry of Education. His research focuses on computational urban design |
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CHEN Yong, Ph.D., is a professor in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP), Tongji University. His research focuses on urban design and theory |
Received date: 2024-05-21
Revised date: 2024-12-20
Online published: 2025-12-07
Copyright
[Objective] Walking space is an important part of urban public space, and its spatial quality is a basis for the construction of walkable cities, which directly affects residents’ travel willingness and walking experience.
[Methods] This research takes relevant literature on walking safety screened from Web of Science and CNKI databases spanning the period from 1975 to 2022 as research object, and analyzes the distribution characteristics of literature related to the current research on walking safety and environmental influencing factors thereof, as well as such contents as research context and research hotspots.
[Results] Firstly, from the perspective of literature distribution, a large number of works of scholars in such fields as traffic engineering, public health and sociology have been cited in literature on walking safety, reflecting that pedestrians’ activity safety, traffic safety and security needs are important directions to promote the research on walking safety. At present, the research on walking safety in developed countries is more active and fruitful. The advanced urbanization process and prominent social contradictions make developed countries and regions more capable of investing energy and funds in walking safety research, exploring the safety issues faced by vulnerable road users, and deepening the degree of research refinement. Secondly, from the perspective of research evolution, the research has the following findings. 1) The analysis results of highly cited literature concerns show that walking safety and walkers’ safety perception dominate the development direction of relevant research. 2) Based on WoS database, the analysis of theme words shows that taking accident analysis as the core, taking pedestrian characteristics as the perspective and taking new technology as the guidance are the three major topics in the field of walking safety research. New data and technologies support the analysis of core environmental factors influencing walking safety. 3) Based on CNKI database, the analysis of keywords shows that domestic research focuses on the spatial quality of walking environment and the special needs of vulnerable walkers, and it is urgent to establish a walking safety environment evaluation system in China. In addition, the keyword analysis also shows that the impact of built environment on pedestrian safety accidents and pedestrian safety perception has become a focus of attention. Thirdly, from the perspective of research hotspot, it can be seen form the three dimensions of activity safety, traffic safety and security that, different levels of environmental elements such as neighborhoods, streets and intersections, have important influence on walking safety. In recent years, the extensive application of quantitative analysis and data calculation methods has brought new ideas and technologies to the research. Especially in the field of data mining regarding urban form and walkers’ psychological perception, new technologies are helpful for in-depth analysis of the influence of built environment factors on walking safety. Finally, the research trend of walking safety is reflected in three aspects: Research object, content and method. Research object has expanded from collision accident to walkers’ psychological perception, and researchers increasingly pay attention to the influence of the safety quality of walking environment on pedestrian psychology. As the urban built environment is facing more and more complex conditions, the research focus extends from the analysis of individual collision accidents to the comprehensive urban environment construction. Research methods have also been developed from single-specialty technical analysis to multi-dimensional integrated research, which promotes the comprehensive application of research methods from such fields as environmental psychology, traffic safety and road engineering in the research on walking safety.
[Conclusion] This research reveals the development direction, main context and research hotspots on walking safety and environmental influencing factors thereof, highlights the significant influence of multi-level built environment factors on walking safety and walkers' safety perception, and provides theoretical support for empirical researches on walking safety environment. In future research, it is necessary to conduct collaborative thinking on walking safety and pedestrian safety perception, promote the applicability of relevant research technologies, and pay attention to the influence of the development of emerging transportation technologies on the safety quality of walking environment.
Lin LI , Yu YE , Yong CHEN . Review and Prospect of Research on Urban Walking Safety and Environmental Influencing Factors Thereof[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2025 , 32(2) : 86 -94 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202405210283
图4 基于WoS检索的步行安全主题词知识图谱Fig. 4 Knowledge graph of title terms on walking safety based on WoS retrieval |
表1 基于WoS检索的步行安全研究脉络Tab. 1 Research context of walking safety based on WoS |
| 年份 | 事故分析 相关研究 | 人群特征相关研究 | 新技术相关 研究 |
| 1978 | 交通安全的工程 做法 | 儿童出行安全 | |
| 1980 | 交叉口人车事故 | ||
| 1992 | 夜间人车事故 | ||
| 1994 | 行人流量建模仿真 | ||
| 1995 | 街道环境与犯罪 | ||
| 1996 | 人行道跌倒事故 | ||
| 1997 | 车速对事故的影响 | ||
| 1998 | 老年人出行安全;视障人士出行安全 | ||
| 2000 | 步行安全的社区 环境 | ||
| 2001 | 通学路的交通安全 | ||
| 2002 | 环境敏感型道路 设计 | ||
| 2008 | 虚拟现实技术搭建步行环境 | ||
| 2009 | 认知障碍人群的安全出行;行人安全感知 | ||
| 2010 | 轨交站点的行人 安全 | 社区环境的安全感知 | |
| 2011 | 感知、认知与出行行为 | ||
| 2013 | 街景图像技术用于碰撞事故研究 | ||
| 2017 | 行人社会属性与安全感知 | 空间句法技术用于碰撞事故研究 | |
| 2020 | 深度学习算法用于事故研究;大数据用于事故研究;自动驾驶技术与事故研究 | ||
| 2021 | 人工智能技术辅助过街研究 | ||
| 2022 | 街道布局等中观 环境的安全作用 | 虚拟现实技术辅助感知研究 |
图5 基于CNKI检索的步行安全关键词聚类图谱Fig. 5 Clustering graph of keywords on walking safety based on CNKI retrieval |
表2 基于CNKI检索的步行安全关键词频次与中心性统计Tab. 2 Centrality and frequency of keywords on walking safety based on CNKI retrieval |
| 关键词 | 频次 | 中心性 |
| 步行空间 | 17 | 0.24 |
| 步行 | 13 | 0.13 |
| 步行安全 | 11 | 0.12 |
| 儿童 | 10 | 0.11 |
| 步行交通 | 8 | 0.13 |
| 安全 | 8 | 0.12 |
| 可步行性 | 8 | 0.09 |
| 步行系统 | 8 | 0.24 |
| 老年人 | 7 | 0.16 |
| 评价体系 | 7 | 0.03 |
| 城市设计 | 7 | 0.15 |
| 建成环境 | 5 | 0.06 |
| 公共安全 | 5 | 0.05 |
| 交通安全 | 5 | 0.13 |
| 城市街道 | 5 | 0.05 |
| 山地城市 | 5 | 0.04 |
| 人行道 | 5 | 0.07 |
| 步行者 | 5 | 0.15 |
| 健康教育 | 4 | 0.01 |
| 优化策略 | 4 | 0.02 |
表3 步行安全环境影响要素研究框架Tab. 3 Research framework for environmental influencing factors of walking safety |
| 层级 | 要素维度 | 要素明细 | 环境指标 | 影响要素 |
| 注:●表示活动安全环境;▲表示交通安全环境;◆表示防卫安全环境;○表示活动安全感知;△表示交通安全感知;◇表示防卫安全感知。 | ||||
| 街区 | 空间肌理 | 街区地块 | 街区尺度 | ▲ |
| 土地利用 | 街区路网 | 路网密度 | ▲ | |
| 交叉口密度 | ▲ | |||
| 路网连通度 | ▲ | |||
| 街区功能 | 街区主导功能 | ▲ | ||
| 功能密度 | ▲ | |||
| 街区功能多样性 | ▲◆ | |||
| 街道 | 空间肌理 | 街段形态 | 路段长度 | ▲◆ |
| 土地利用 | 街道功能 | 街道主导功能 | ▲ | |
| 街道功能多样性 | ▲ | |||
| 步行设施 | 空间分配 | 人行道平均宽度 | ●○▲△ | |
| 基面品质 | 人行道表面维护 | ●○ | ||
| 无障碍设计 | ●○ | |||
| 界面形态 | 界面特征 | 界面透明度 | ◆◇ | |
| 界面围合度 | ◆◇ | |||
| 天空开敞度 | ◆◇ | |||
| 商业店面 | 每百米店铺数量 | ▲◆◇ | ||
| 景观照明 | 景观设施 | 高尺度景观占比 | ▲△◇ | |
| 低尺度景观占比 | ▲△◆◇ | |||
| 照明设施 | 路灯照度 | ▲△◆◇ | ||
| 道路机动化 | 空间分配 | 机动车道宽度 | ▲ | |
| 非机动车道宽度 | ▲△ | |||
| 路边停车 | 路边停车密度 | ▲△ | ||
| 机动车流量 | 交通饱和度 | ▲△ | ||
| 交叉口 | 空间形态 | 交叉口类型 | 岔口数量 | ▲ |
| 形态特征 | 街角半径 | ▲ | ||
| 过街距离 | △ | |||
| 步行设施 | 通行基面 | 人行横道宽度 | ▲△ | |
| 基面品质 | 人行安全岛面积 | ▲△ | ||
| 基面平整度 | ▲△ | |||
| 步行连通性 | ▲△ | |||
| 交通管控 | 管控设施 | 绿灯信号灯时长 | △ | |
文中所有图表均由作者绘制。
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