Identification and Spatial Mapping of Locality of Streetscapes in Shanghai Hengfu Historic and Cultural Preservation Area
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SHAO Yuhan, Ph.D., is an associate professor and doctoral supervisor in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP), Tongji University, and director of the Restorative Urbanism Research Center (RURC) of the Joint International Research Laboratory of Eco-urban Design, Ministry of Education. Her research focuses on restorative landscape health mechanism and landscape character preservation |
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YIN Sinan, is a Ph.D. candidate in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP), Tongji University. Her research focuses on theory and method of planning, construction and governance of urban sustainable development |
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MA Dongbo is an urban planner in Shanghai Tongji Urban Planning and Design Institute, Co., Ltd. His research focuses on application of big data and artificial intelligence technology in urban planning research |
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YIN Yuting, Ph.D., is an associated research fellow in the School of Design, East China Normal University, and a visiting research fellow in Shanghai Key Laboratory of Urban Renewal and Spatial Optimization Technology. Her research focuses on restorative landscape planning and design, and theory and method of multi-sensory landscape perception |
Received date: 2024-03-18
Revised date: 2024-12-15
Online published: 2025-12-07
Copyright
[Objective] As one of the major open spaces, urban streets not only carry the transportation function, but also promote social interaction and economic growth, while displaying the aesthetic, cultural and historical characteristics of the city. However, many new or regenrated streets have gradually lost their identity due to the compromise of large-scale construction and short-term delivery. It is important to explore ways to protect and optimize the locality of streetscape since street constituents the most direct impression of a city, which not only forms the identity of a city together with architecture, historical and cultural heritage, geographical characteristics and social life, but also serves as an independent carrier of local expression. The identification and optimization of streetscape locality can help protect the uniqueness of landscape, enhance urban identity and construct urban image, especially for historical and cultural preservation areas in modern cities, and can also work as an important step to retain urban memory and enhance residents’ sense of belonging.
[Methods] This research first establishes a theoretic framework for streetscape locality through a discussion based on literature reviewed. The research proposes that streetscape locality should include the physical, social, historical and aesthetic aspects, with relevant indicators being identified for the four aspects respectively. These indicators are then compared with streetscape characteristics that can be measured by current image analysis technologies. On this basis, a framework for identification of streetscape locality is constructed. Taking Shanghai Hengfu Historic and Cultural Preservation Area (hereinafter referred to as the “Area”) as an example, the research adopts the semantic segmentation method and an AI-based evaluation model to analyze the locality of the Area, with the specific process being visualized using the Geographic Information System (GIS). The current spatial expression of streetscape locality characteristics in the Area is then discussed considering factors such as land use on both sides of a street, architectural styles, and traffic hierarchies.
[Results] Results suggest that in the aspect of physical locality, the indicators of enclosing degree, green visibility and sky visibility are consistent in spatial distribution. Specifically, the distribution of sky visibility is basically opposite to green visibility, while enclosing degree is similarly distributed with sky visibility. In general, the enclosing degree of the Area is rated moderate, while the green visibility and sky visibility of streetscape are rated at a medium to low level. Streetscape in the northern and western parts of the Area is relatively open compared with other parts and the highest green visibility is observed in streets around Xujiahui Park located in the southwestern part of the Area. In the social aspect, safety is rated good overall, but the human scale is rated moderate and the imageability level is low. Streetscape with appropriate human scale is safer than others, which may be due to the fact that both the two human scale and safety characteristics can positively influence the comfort of perception. Overall, safety and human scale characteristics are poor in the central part of the Area around Shanghai Conservatory of Music, the intersection betwwen Huaihai Middle Road and Fuxing Middle Road, as well as Yan’an Middle Road in the north and Chongqing South Road in the east of the Area. Besides, the streetscape imageability of the Area is only rated high where unique landmarks exist. In the historic aspect, legibility of the Area appears to be better in the southern part while rated poorest in the central part and western boundary of the Area, especially in Jiangsu Road and Nanchang Road close to the north side of the Fuxing Park. Among the characteristics in relation to aesthetic aspect, visual diversity, coherence and permeability show no direct or indirect correlation with each other in spatial distribution. The visual diversity and coherence of streetscape are rated good in the research area, but the permeability of streetscape is less satisfied. The visual diversity of streetscape at the intersection between Changshu Road and Huaihai Middle Road and along Jianguo West Road in the south is poor, and the permeability is also quite poor. In addition, the roads with low traffic hierarchy such as branches and alleys are generally rated better than those with high traffic hierarchy in terms of human scale, coherence and permeability.
[Conclusion] This research may provide a reference for subsequent protection, optimization and development of urban streetscape locality, and may also inspire more large-scale analysis of landscape concepts derived from sociology, anthropology and other disciplines in the future. Constrained by the accuracy of the algorithm model adopted and the availability of the streetscape image data collected, there may exist slight error in the analysis results. However, the research in general has succeeded in quantitatively measuring and mapping the locality of streetscape within the research area.
Yuhan SHAO , Sinan YIN , Dongbo MA , Yuting YIN . Identification and Spatial Mapping of Locality of Streetscapes in Shanghai Hengfu Historic and Cultural Preservation Area[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2025 , 32(2) : 110 -119 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202403180161
表1 城市街景地方性特征识别框架[40-47]Tab. 1 A framework for identification of the locality of urban streetscape[40-47] |
| 特征维度 | 特征指标 | 指标描述 |
| 物理维度 | 围合度 | 街景视野中边界所定义的空间感,通常由街道宽度与沿街界面高度决定[40] |
| 天空可见度 | 街景视野中天空占画面的百分比[41] | |
| 绿视率 | 街景视野中植被(如行道树、绿化带、垂直绿化等)占画面的百分比[42] | |
| 社会维度 | 意象性 | 描述街景的可识别性和可记忆性,受物理特征、人们的心理感知和社会文化因素等综合影响[43] |
| 人本尺度 | 街道和街道空间中各元素设计尺度与人们行为习惯、心理需求的匹配程度[44] | |
| 安全性 | 街道环境特征和管理维护状态能让人们心理上感到安全的程度[44] | |
| 历史维度 | 易读性 | 街道空间结构可以被人们理解的难易程度[45] |
| 美学维度 | 一致性 | 街道空间各元素设计特征在视觉上统一性和整体性[46] |
| 渗透性 | 街景两侧沿街界面允许视线穿透的程度[47] | |
| 视觉丰富度 | 街景视野中可见的元素种类、数量等特征多样性程度[46] |
文中图表均由作者绘制,其中
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