遗址复原展示真实性感知对公众感知价值的影响路径
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张科/女/西安建筑科技大学建筑学院在读硕士研究生/研究方向为遗址阐释与展示 |
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孔黎明/男/博士/西安建筑科技大学建筑学院副教授/研究方向为参数化设计、遗址数字化阐释 |
Copy editor: 王一兰
收稿日期: 2025-07-21
修回日期: 2026-03-07
网络出版日期: 2026-04-22
基金资助
全国哲学社会科学工作办公室一般项目“国家考古遗址公园文化效能评估与价值提升策略研究”(23BKG039)
Influence Path of Perceived Authenticity in Heritage Site Restoration and Display on Public Perceived Value
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ZHANG Ke is a master student in the School of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. Her research focuses on heritage site interpretation and presentation |
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KONG Liming, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the School of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. His research focuses on parametric design, and digital interpretation of heritage sites |
Received date: 2025-07-21
Revised date: 2026-03-07
Online published: 2026-04-22
遗址复原展示作为直观呈现遗址历史风貌的重要方式,对公众理解遗址历史文化和感知价值提升作用显著。既有研究尚未系统揭示不同复原展示方式对公众感知价值的影响机制,本研究旨在通过量化分析系统探究遗址复原展示对公众感知价值的影响路径。
从公众真实性感知的角度,以大明宫国家考古遗址公园为实证对象,综合运用相关性分析、结构方程模型、Bootstrap中介效应检验等方法,构建“复原展示—真实性感知—感知价值”理论模型。
1)复原展示均显著提升真实性感知(β=0.837,p<0.001)。2)复原展示对公众感知价值的影响表现出异质性,实物复原展示(β=0.195,p<0.01;β=0.193,p<0.01)与新兴复原展示(β=0.181,p<0.05;β=0.198,p<0.01)对功能价值与情感价值提升显著;虚拟复原展示仅对情感价值影响显著(β=0.185,p<0.05);混合、意向复原展示对功能、情感价值影响均不显著。3)真实性感知显著影响感知价值(β=0.328,p<0.05),并在复原展示与感知价值间起部分中介作用;分路径分析表明,虚拟、混合及意向展示主要通过该中介路径影响感知价值,其直接作用不显著。
揭示了复原展示通过真实性感知的中介作用,对公众功能价值认知与情感价值体验产生的差异化影响路径。研究成果有助于优化复原展示方式与公众感知需求的匹配度,为遗址公园的复原展示项目提供合理化建议。
张科 , 孔黎明 . 遗址复原展示真实性感知对公众感知价值的影响路径[J]. 风景园林, 2026 , 33(4) : 132 -141 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.LA20250439
In Chinese archaeological site parks, restoration displays are an important means of conveying the historical value of sites to the public. However, how different types of restoration display approaches influence visitors’ perceptions of the functional and emotional value of a site, as well as the underlying psychological mechanisms through which these effects occur, remains unclear. In particular, the role of perceived authenticity—a core concept in heritage conservation—has not yet been fully clarified in the context of site display. This study therefore uses the Daming Palace National Archaeological Site Park as a representative case to construct and empirically test an integrated influence path model that systematically examines how multiple restoration display strategies affect public perceived value through perceived authenticity.
Based on the Stimulus−Organism−Response (SOR) theoretical framework, this study treats restoration displays as external stimuli, defines visitors’ perceived authenticity as the internal psychological response, and considers perceived value as the outcome variable. Drawing on literature related to heritage interpretation and authenticity theory, restoration display approaches are categorized into five types: physical, virtual, hybrid, intentional, and emerging restoration displays. Perceived authenticity is measured from two dimensions—content authenticity and experiential authenticity—while perceived value includes both functional value and emotional value. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey of visitors at the Daming Palace National Archaeological Site Park. A structural equation model was used to test the theoretical model, and the bootstrap method was applied to examine the mediating effect of perceived authenticity.
The results show that all types of restoration displays significantly enhance visitors’ perceived authenticity at the site. Among them, emerging restoration displays exert the strongest effect on content authenticity, whereas intentional displays show the strongest effect on experiential authenticity, indicating that symbolic and abstract display forms are more likely to stimulate visitors’ perception of historical atmosphere. In terms of perceived value, both physical and emerging restoration displays have significant positive effects on functional and emotional value; virtual restoration displays significantly influence emotional value but have a relatively weak effect on functional value; hybrid restoration displays and intentional displays show no significant direct effects on either dimension of perceived value. Further analysis indicates that perceived authenticity has significant positive effects on both functional value and emotional value, revealing its central mediating role in visitors’ value judgments. Moreover, perceived authenticity partially mediates the relationship between different display approaches and perceived value. Specifically, the influence of virtual, hybrid, and intentional restoration displays on perceived value operates mainly through the perceived authenticity pathway (as their direct effects are not significant), whereas physical and emerging restoration displays exert both direct effects and indirect effects mediated by perceived authenticity.
This study demonstrates that different types of restoration display strategies show heterogeneous effects in enhancing visitors’ perceived value, and that perceived authenticity serves as the key psychological mechanism linking display strategies with the public’s cognitive and emotional responses. Incorporating perceived authenticity into a multi-path analytical model not only enriches the theoretical perspective of heritage interpretation but also provides empirical evidence for differentiated restoration display design. From a practical perspective, virtual displays should be optimized by enriching display content and improving operational usability; hybrid displays should enhance technical integration and narrative coherence; and intentional displays should balance abstract creativity with information readability. Overall, strengthening perceived authenticity can help improve visitors’ learning outcomes, emotional experiences, and cultural identity. The findings provide practical guidance for managers of archaeological site parks seeking to balance heritage conservation, cultural interpretation, and visitor experience in the context of digitalization.
表1 国家考古遗址公园复原展示方式类型细分Tab. 1 Subdivision of restoration display methods for national archaeological site parks |
| 遗址复原展示一级分类 | 遗址复原展示二级分类 |
|---|---|
| 实物复原展示 | 局部模拟复原展示 |
| 整体模拟复原展示 | |
| 虚拟复原展示 | 增强现实(augmented reality, AR)复原展示 |
| 全息投影复原展示 | |
| 交互式数字复原展示 | |
| 数字化三维模型复原展示 | |
| 混合复原展示 | 遗址展示厅+基址复原 |
| 原状展示+复原展示装置 | |
| 意向复原展示 | 场景意向复原展示 |
| 构筑物意向复原展示 | |
| 标识意向复原展示 | |
| 新兴复原展示 | 钢网雕塑复原展示 |
| 3D打印复原展示 |
图2 大明宫复原展示方式分布Fig. 2 Distribution map of the restoration and exhibition methods of Daming Palace |
表2 遗址复原展示方式及实例Tab. 2 Restoration display methods and examples |
| 复原展示方式 | 遗址 | 代表案例 |
|---|---|---|
| 实物复原展示 | 御道广场、含元殿遗址、遗址博物馆内部、微缩景观群、太液池、麟德殿遗址、玄武门遗址、重玄门遗址等 | 大明宫微缩景观模型![]() |
| 虚拟复原展示 | 云赏含元殿、含元殿结构分解、交互展示、大明宫全息影像等 | 虚拟交互设施与全息投影![]() |
| 混合复原展示 | 复原装置:宣政殿、望仙台、大福殿、三清殿、延英殿、含元殿等;遗址展示厅:丹凤门 | 望仙台复原装置及丹凤门基址![]() |
| 意向复原展示 | 紫宸殿、宣政殿、右银台门、左银台门、延英殿、含元殿建造场景微缩复原等 | 大明宫建造场景及紫宸殿构筑物![]() |
| 新兴复原展示 | 丹凤门展示厅内部、遗址博物馆内部等 | 丹凤门3D打印模型及含元殿结构拆解![]() |
| 变量 | 测量题项 | 题项来源 |
|---|---|---|
| 实物复原展示 | A1展示内容全面、丰富 | [21][22] |
| A2展示增强了公众沉浸感 | 自拟 | |
| A3展示对本体干预最小 | [22] | |
| 虚拟复原展示 | B1展示让人回到过去、心情舒畅 | [23] |
| B2展示具有互动性,增强了公众参与感 | [21] | |
| B3操作便捷、使用方便 | 自拟 | |
| 混合复原展示 | C1展示具有艺术性和感染力 | 自拟 |
| C2不同展示方式互补,共同传递遗址信息 | 自拟 | |
| C3遗址展示具有多元性 | [24] | |
| C4展示具有吸引力,有视觉体验 | [23] | |
| 意向复原展示 | D1展示技术具有艺术性 | [22] |
| D2标识系统内容准确、与遗址风貌协调 | [21][22] | |
| D3展示具有可移动性与适用性 | 自拟 | |
| 新兴复原展示 | F1展示具有可读性 | [21][23][25] |
| F2展示具有创新性和技术性 | 自拟 |
表6 测量题项效度检验Tab. 6 Validity test of measurement items |
| 测量维度 | 测量题项 | 因子载荷 | 克隆巴赫系数 | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 实物 | A1 | 0.817 | 0.847 | 0.847 | 0.649 |
| A2 | 0.811 | ||||
| A3 | 0.819 | ||||
| 虚拟 | B1 | 0.797 | 0.861 | 0.861 | 0.674 |
| B2 | 0.789 | ||||
| B3 | 0.802 | ||||
| 混合 | C1 | 0.777 | 0.880 | 0.881 | 0.649 |
| C2 | 0.797 | ||||
| C3 | 0.850 | ||||
| C4 | 0.808 | ||||
| 意向 | D1 | 0.831 | 0.853 | 0.852 | 0.659 |
| D2 | 0.785 | ||||
| D3 | 0.802 | ||||
| 新兴 | F1 | 0.852 | 0.819 | 0.823 | 0.701 |
| F2 | 0.801 | ||||
| 内容的真实 | G1 | 0.722 | 0.889 | 0.889 | 0.617 |
| G2 | 0.741 | ||||
| G3 | 0.730 | ||||
| G4 | 0.768 | ||||
| G5 | 0.757 | ||||
| 现象的真实 | I1 | 0.804 | 0.885 | 0.886 | 0.661 |
| I2 | 0.780 | ||||
| I3 | 0.786 | ||||
| I4 | 0.788 | ||||
| 功能价值 | J1 | 0.784 | 0.853 | 0.855 | 0.665 |
| J2 | 0.736 | ||||
| J3 | 0.832 | ||||
| 情感价值 | K1 | 0.790 | 0.843 | 0.844 | 0.644 |
| K2 | 0.727 | ||||
| K3 | 0.750 |
表7 验证性因子分析拟合指标与推荐阈值对比Tab. 7 Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) fit indices vs. recommended thresholds |
| 指标 | 参考标准 | 实测结果 | 是否适配 |
|---|---|---|---|
| CMIN/DF | <3为优秀,3~5为良好 | 1.144 | 是 |
| RMSEA | <0.05为优秀,<0.08为良好 | 0.022 | 是 |
| CFI | >0.9为优秀,>0.8为良好 | 0.989 | 是 |
| GFI | >0.9为优秀,>0.8为良好 | 0.914 | 是 |
| IFI | >0.9为优秀,>0.8为良好 | 0.989 | 是 |
| TLI | >0.9为优秀,>0.8为良好 | 0.987 | 是 |
表8 复原展示对真实性的SEM路径关系检验结果Tab. 8 Path analysis results of the SEM for the effect of restoration on authenticity |
| 假设 | 路径关系 | B | 标准误 | p | 检验结果 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 注:β为标准化回归系数,用于比较潜变量间的影响强度;B为非标准化回归系数,反映自变量对因变量的原始影响效应;p为显著性水平,采用双尾检验。 | ||||||
| H1a1 | G←A | 0.132 | 0.134 | 0.063 | 0.035 | 成立 |
| H1b1 | G←B | 0.207 | 0.185 | 0.062 | 0.003 | 成立 |
| H1c1 | G←C | 0.213 | 0.187 | 0.054 | 0.000 | 成立 |
| H1d1 | G←D | 0.185 | 0.181 | 0.066 | 0.006 | 成立 |
| H1e1 | I←F | 0.257 | 0.254 | 0.065 | 0.000 | 成立 |
| H1a2 | I←A | 0.144 | 0.148 | 0.070 | 0.035 | 成立 |
| H1b2 | I←B | 0.170 | 0.154 | 0.068 | 0.024 | 成立 |
| H1c2 | I←C | 0.162 | 0.143 | 0.059 | 0.016 | 成立 |
| H1d2 | I←D | 0.208 | 0.206 | 0.073 | 0.005 | 成立 |
| H1e2 | I←F | 0.175 | 0.175 | 0.070 | 0.014 | 成立 |
表9 复原展示对公众感知的SEM路径关系检验结果Tab. 9 SEM path relationship test results of restoration display on public perceived value |
| 假设 | 路径关系 | B | 标准误 | p | 检验结果 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 注:β为标准化回归系数,用于比较潜变量间的影响强度;B为非标准化回归系数,反映自变量对因变量的原始影响效应;p为显著性水平,采用双尾检验。 | ||||||
| H2a1 | J←A | 0.195 | 0.213 | 0.075 | 0.005 | 成立 |
| H2a2 | K←A | 0.193 | 0.195 | 0.066 | 0.003 | 成立 |
| H2b1 | J←B | 0.049 | 0.047 | 0.074 | 0.523 | 不成立 |
| H2b2 | K←B | 0.185 | 0.164 | 0.065 | 0.012 | 成立 |
| H2c1 | J←C | 0.115 | 0.109 | 0.065 | 0.094 | 不成立 |
| H2c2 | K←C | −0.008 | −0.007 | 0.057 | 0.907 | 不成立 |
| H2d1 | J←D | 0.011 | 0.012 | 0.078 | 0.878 | 不成立 |
| H2d2 | K←D | 0.111 | 0.108 | 0.069 | 0.115 | 不成立 |
| H2e1 | J←F | 0.181 | 0.193 | 0.079 | 0.016 | 成立 |
| H2e2 | K←F | 0.198 | 0.194 | 0.070 | 0.006 | 成立 |
表10 真实性对公众感知的SEM路径关系检验结果Tab. 10 SEM path relationship test results of authenticity perception on perceived value |
| 假设 | 路径关系 | B | 标准误 | p | 检验结果 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 注:β为标准化回归系数,用于比较潜变量间的影响强度;B为非标准化回归系数,反映自变量对因变量的原始影响效应;p为显著性水平,采用双尾检验。 | ||||||
| H3a1 | J←G | 0.178 | 0.193 | 0.091 | 0.035 | 成立 |
| H3a2 | K←G | 0.179 | 0.204 | 0.077 | 0.026 | 成立 |
| H3b1 | J←I | 0.191 | 0.177 | 0.080 | 0.009 | 成立 |
| H3b2 | K←I | 0.143 | 0.140 | 0.067 | 0.037 | 成立 |
表11 Bootstarp中介效应检验结果Tab. 11 Bootstrap mediation effect test results |
| 效应关系 | 效应值 | Bootstrap95%置信区间 | 效应 占比/% | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 下限 | 上限 | ||||
| 总效应 | 0.848 | 0.750 | 0.946 | 100 | |
| 真实性 感知 | 直接效应 | 0.573 | 0.443 | 0.704 | 68 |
| 间接效应 | 0.275 | 0.156 | 0.395 | 32 | |
| 内容的 真实 | 直接效应 | 0.664 | 0.539 | 0.789 | 78 |
| 间接效应 | 0.184 | 0.071 | 0.306 | 22 | |
| 现象的 真实 | 直接效应 | 0.706 | 0.592 | 0.821 | 83 |
| 间接效应 | 0.142 | 0.063 | 0.224 | 17 | |
表12 访谈主题归纳与代表性引文Tab. 12 Summary of interview themes and representative quotations |
| 复原展示类型 | 核心主题 | 主题内涵 | 代表性原始语句引述 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 注:受访者编码规则——首字母代表复原展示类型(V为虚拟复原展示,M为混合复原展示,A为意向复原展示),数字为受访者顺序编号。 | |||
| 虚拟复原展示 | 技术操作复杂 | 界面存在使用门槛和流畅性问题,阻碍了游客的初步体验 | V05:我操作有点手忙脚乱,不太熟悉这种东西,有时点错 |
| 内容深度不足 | 展示偏重视觉冲击,缺乏足够的历史细节,知识传递功能弱 | V03:我记住的是规模宏大,细节基本没记住,主要是靠旁边的解说牌补充信息 | |
| 混合复原展示 | 装置设计缺陷 | 透明对位牌等装置存在反光、难以对准等问题 | M01:天气不好有点反光,还看不清; M02:必须站在一个特定角度,才能勉强对齐 |
| 信息呈现不足 | 透明对位牌缺乏明确的位置引导以及信息标注 | M05:只能看懂这个宫殿的外观,上面也没有注释 | |
| 内外关联弱 | 外观复原+内部基址模式造成了内外体验的割裂,游客无法将宏伟的外部形象与内部的遗址现状进行有效关联 | M06:站外面看能知道是以前城门的样子,进里面就看不出来了,感觉内部和外部关系不大 | |
| 意向复原展示 | 信息表达不足 | 展示方式过于抽象,难以激发有效想象,信息量有限且依赖解说牌 | A02:想象不出来,强行脑补,很难想象出以前是宫殿 |
| 体验效果欠佳 | 整体沉浸感弱,互动性不足,观众体验感差 | A03:没啥意思,跟工地盖房子没盖完一样 | |
1、突破传统研究对复原展示整体性讨论的局限,将展示方式细分为实物、虚拟、混合、意向及新兴5个维度,分别检验对公众感知价值的影响程度。
2、基于SOR理论框架,构建“复原展示—真实性感知—感知价值”结构方程模型,探讨复原展示通过真实性感知影响公众的感知价值的作用机制,为量化分析提供系统化模型支撑。
3、以大明宫国家考古遗址公园为实证案例,揭示不同复原展示对感知价值存在差异化影响路径,真实性感知在其中发挥关键中介作用,为优化遗址展示策略和提升公众文化认同提供科学依据。
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