江汉平原国有农场农垦景观形态研究
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洪百舸/女/华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院在读博士研究生/湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心成员/研究方向为城乡文化遗产保护 |
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邓巍/男/博士/华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院副教授/湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心成员/研究方向为城乡文化遗产保护 |
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何依/女/博士/华中科技大学建筑与城市规划学院教授/湖北省城镇化工程技术研究中心成员/研究方向为城乡文化遗产保护 |
Copy editor: 王一兰
收稿日期: 2025-06-11
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
基金资助
国家自然科学基金“历史文化空间区域关联测度及体系建构方法——以山西省为例”(52378058)
国家社科基金冷门绝学研究专项“中国城镇历史文化街区谱系与价值研究”(23VJXT019)
版权
Research on the Morphology of Agricultural Reclamation Landscapes of State Farms in the Jianghan Plain
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HONG Baige is a Ph.D. candidate in the School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and a member of Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization. Her research focuses on urban and rural cultural heritage preservation |
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DENG Wei, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and a member of Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization. His research focuses on urban and rural cultural heritage preservation |
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HE Yi, Ph.D., is a professor in the School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and a member of Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center of Urbanization. Her research focuses on urban and rural cultural heritage preservation |
Received date: 2025-06-11
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
聚焦新中国成立之后的国有农场,深入研究其农垦景观的形态特征,解析形态塑造的历史、技术、社会机制,为这一特殊的农业景观保护利用传承提供理论探索及案例参考。
以江汉平原国有农场为研究对象,选取人民大垸农场为实证,从人地关系互动与社会组织运作的双重视角,系统解析农垦景观在特殊历史地理条件下人地系统协同的形塑机制与形态特征。
在集体组织统筹、集体力量协作、工程技术支撑的共同作用下,江汉平原国有农场农垦景观呈现出鲜明特征:在生产形态上,形成巨构的地理边界、系统的水利骨架、规整的农田肌理,体现了人类主动适应自然、拓展农业生产空间的实践智慧;在组织形态上,建立起整体的空间结构、有序的功能组织与有机的居住单元,反映出具有时代特色的生产管理经验。
国有农场是集体力量作用于自然环境上的人地关系投影,不仅是中国农业现代化进程中的活态标本,也是农垦技术与生产管理的重要实践场域。其景观形态中所蕴含的智慧与经验,对当前全面推进乡村振兴、实现农业农村现代化具有重要的启示意义。
洪百舸 , 邓巍 , 何依 . 江汉平原国有农场农垦景观形态研究[J]. 风景园林, 2026 , 33(2) : 125 -134 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.LA20250357
In the context of growing attention to the preservation and transmission of the historical and cultural heritage of both urban and rural, this study examines state farms established during the planned economy era of the People’s Republic of China. It focuses on analyzing the spatial configuration, structural features, and underlying formation mechanisms of their agricultural reclamation landscapes during this specific historical period. These farms not only served agricultural production functions at the time but also embodied multiple values, including collective labor, large-scale operations, and hydraulic engineering technologies. As significant spatial vehicles for exploring socialist agricultural modernization in the People’s Republic of China, they reflect the profound reshaping and sustained intervention of state will in agricultural spaces. Adopting an interdisciplinary perspective, this research aims to systematically identify and explore the multidimensional value of state farm landscapes across historical, technological, cultural, and social dimensions. It seeks to clarify their status and characteristics as a new form of agricultural cultural heritage, thereby providing a solid theoretical foundation for their systematic understanding, conservation, restoration, and sustainable use. Furthermore, by summarizing their experiences in spatial governance and production organization, this study offers historical references and developmental insights to support the comprehensive promotion of rural revitalization strategies and the transition toward agricultural modernization.
The research takes Renmin Dayuan State Farm—a typical state farm in the Jianghan Plain—as its empirical case. Employing an interdisciplinary approach that integrates theoretical perspectives from historical geography, landscape morphology, and rural sociology, the study constructs a three-dimensional analytical framework encompassing “history−space−society”. Through systematic review of historical documents and archival materials, field surveys, and in-depth interviews with former farm employees and managers, comprehensive data on the spatial evolution and social memory of the Renmin Dayuan State Farm since its establishment has been collected and organized. Building on this, the analysis examined the farm’s developmental trajectory under the dual constraints of the planned economy system and the natural geographical conditions of the lake district in the Jianghan Plain, using the lenses of “human−land interaction” and “socio-organizational operation”. The study highlights how initiatives such as nationwide collective mobilization, water conservancy projects, unified land planning, and collaborative agricultural production contributed to the reconstruction of agricultural space and the continuous shaping of the landscape system. Furthermore, it elucidates the driving mechanisms and spatial response characteristics underlying the coordinated evolution of the human−land system.
This study reveals that under the planned economy system with collectivized agricultural production, the formation of the agricultural reclamation landscape in state farms relied on three core mechanisms: a highly organized labor collaboration system, systematic water conservancy engineering, and large-scale land consolidation technologies. The resulting landscape exhibits distinct characteristics across two dimensions: At the production space level, it has given rise to large-scale geographical units, hierarchical irrigation and drainage systems, and highly mechanized grid-like field layouts. These features reflect both human initiative and technical adaptability in developing low-lying lake areas for agriculture, as well as the state’s determined efforts to systematically transform natural resources through engineering; At the social space level, a three-tier spatial governance structure has been established, comprising the general farm, branch farms, and production teams, along with corresponding functional zoning and centralized residential units. This structure embodies the organized, disciplined, and collective nature of agricultural production during the planned economy era. It not only shaped a distinctive form of settlement but also fostered social relations and cultural memories rooted in collective labor and shared living during that era.
The agricultural reclamation landscape of state farms represents the outcome of large-scale production space reconstruction undertaken by the People’s Republic of China during a specific historical period to ensure food security and advance agricultural modernization. It embodies three distinct attributes: agricultural engineering achievement, socialist institutional practice, and collective cultural memory, making it a unique form of agricultural landscape heritage with Chinese characteristics. The land governance models, water conservancy engineering technologies, and agricultural organization experiences developed through this process hold not only significant historical value but also offer practical insights for the ongoing implementation of the rural revitalization strategy and the promotion of agricultural modernization. Looking ahead, systematic investigation, value assessment, and multidimensional documentation of such agricultural landscape heritage should be strengthened. A comprehensive conservation framework—incorporating spatial gene identification and cultural narrative construction—should be established to facilitate its transformation from a singular “production space” into a multifunctional “cultural space” and “heritage space.” Furthermore, it is essential to explore the integration of this heritage into regional territorial spatial planning and historical-cultural protection systems, thereby achieving sustainable synergy between heritage conservation and contemporary agricultural, ecological, and social development. Through the combination of theoretical construction and empirical research, this study expands the scope and methodological perspectives of agricultural landscape heritage research. It enhances the holistic understanding of the agricultural reclamation landscape of the People’s Republic of China within the broader context of urban and rural historical−cultural heritage, while also providing historical insight and directional reference for the green transformation and sustainable development of traditional reclamation areas.
表1 国有农场聚落三级结构Tab. 1 Three-tier settlement structure of state farm |
| 层级 | 功能 | 产业及设施 | 核心特征 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 农业 | 工业 | 服务业 | |||
| 总场 | 宏观管理 统筹协调 | ·中心仓库 ·物资站 ·农机 ·农贸市场 | 大型上游工业群: ·粮棉加工厂 ·轧花厂 ·碾米厂 ·复合肥厂 ·砖瓦厂 ·发电厂 ·农机修造厂 | 县级综合服务体系: ·职工医院 ·大垸中学 ·工人俱乐部 ·露天电影院 ·人民公园 ·广播站 ·供销总社 ·农科所 | 高度集中化; 服务全场; 工业占比超60% |
| 分场 | 区域协调 有限自足 | ·专业化种植区 ·分场仓库 ·机务队 | 特色小型工业: ·珠湖油脂加工厂 ·友谊分场食品厂 ·黄英制砖厂 ·杨洲预制品厂 ·农副产品加工厂 | 集镇级基础服务: ·分场中小学 ·卫生所 ·供销分店 ·粮站 ·简易文化室 | 因地制宜生产; 内部供给导向; 工业占比约30%; 独立生活圈 |
| 小队 | 基层执行 落实生产 | ·种植田块 ·蔬菜自留地 ·仓库 ·工具房 ·晒场 | 无独立工业 (参与上级产业链原料供应) | 基础生活保障: ·职工宿舍区 ·简易托儿点 ·代销点(小卖部) ·打谷场(兼集会功能) | 纯农业导向; 居住-生产嵌套; 工业占比近0% |
1、聚焦新中国成立之后的国有农场,从人地关系互动与社会组织运作的双重视角,系统解析农垦景观在特殊历史地理条件下人地系统协同的形塑机制与形态特征,拓展农业景观研究的时代维度与类型谱系,为这一特殊的农业景观保护传承提供理论探索及案例参考。
2、国有农场是一种集主动适应、集体治理、文化认同、城乡融合于一体的现代农业形态,它在历史、技术、社会维度体现了独特的农业智慧,为当前全面推进乡村振兴、促进农业现代化、构建可持续的未来乡村图景提供了重要的理论参考与实践经验。
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