“流空间-场所空间”视角下长征国家文化公园区域文化景观体系构建
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刘涛/男/西安建筑科技大学建筑学院在读博士研究生/研究方向为红色文化景观保护与利用 |
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蔺宝钢/男/博士/西安建筑科技大学艺术学院院长、教授、博士生导师/研究方向为城市环境景观、城市公共艺术 |
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程圩/男/博士/西北工业大学文化遗产研究院院长、马克思主义学院教授、博士生导师/研究方向为文化遗产保护、传承与利用研究 |
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魏萍/女/博士/西安建筑科技大学艺术学院副教授/研究方向为地域文化景观保护与利用 |
收稿日期: 2023-11-17
修回日期: 2024-08-16
网络出版日期: 2025-12-16
基金资助
国家社会科学基金“中华民族共同体意识下黄河国家文化公园阐释与展示体系建构研究”(23BKS107)
陕西省重点研发计划“国家公园视角下秦岭文化遗产保护、展示和传播技术及应用”(2023-YBGY-414)
研究阐释党的二十大精神国家社科基金重大项目“推进文化自信自强的时代背景与现实途径研究”(23ZDAO82)
陕西省哲学社会科学研究专项“陕西红色文化与红色旅游融合创新发展研究”(2023HZ1589)
陕西省自然科学基金“空间正义视角下西安周边旅游型乡村公共空间优化方法研究”(2023-JC-QN-0575)
版权
Construction of Regional Cultural Landscape System for the Long March National Cultural Park Under the Perspective of “Flow Space – Place Space”
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LIU Tao is a Ph.D. candidate in the School of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. His research focuses on protection and utilization of red cultural landscape |
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LIN Baogang, Ph.D., is dean of and a professor and doctoral supervisor in the School of Art, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. His research focuses on urban environmental landscape, and urban public art |
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CHENG Wei, Ph.D., is dean of the Institute of Cultural Heritage and a professor and doctoral supervisor in the School of Maxism, Northwestern Polytechnical University. His research focuses on the research on conversation, inheritance and utilization of cultural heritage |
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WEI Ping, Ph.D., is a lecturer in the School of Art, and a postdoctoral researcher in the School of Architecture, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. Her research focuses on conservation and utilization of regional cultural landscape |
Received date: 2023-11-17
Revised date: 2024-08-16
Online published: 2025-12-16
Copyright
【目的】构建区域文化景观体系,并探讨旅游流空间与场所空间的相互作用关系,以指导长征国家文化公园区域主题展示区的空间组织模式优化。【方法】通过“流空间-场所空间”视角,提出区域文化景观体系的空间结构要素,并运用社会网络分析识别区域旅游流网络结构特征。【结果】旅游流空间为场所空间提供感知需求,而场所空间为旅游流提供行为目标,这种相互作用关系体现了区域文化景观体系的空间结构的功能与价值两大特征;可通过“流—网—链—域—场—点”6个空间结构要素构建区域文化景观体系,并应用“斑块—廊道—节点”模式划定区域主题展示区;长征国家文化公园延安段可划分出6个主题展示区,其中甘泉县包含1个重点展示园、1条集中展示带和2个特色展示点。【结论】在“流空间-场所空间”视角下,区域文化景观体系构建要进一步挖掘区域性特征,而区域主题展示区的空间组织模式应综合考虑供需两侧的现实需求。这些发现为区域文化景观空间功能的研究提供了理论视角与体系结构,可对长征国家文化公园的具体建设提供直接支持。
关键词: 区域景观体系; 红色文化景观; 场所空间; 旅游流; 长征国家文化公园延安段
刘涛 , 蔺宝钢 , 程圩 , 魏萍 . “流空间-场所空间”视角下长征国家文化公园区域文化景观体系构建[J]. 风景园林, 2024 , 31(10) : 106 -114 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202311170520
[Objective] This research aims to propose the construction of a regional cultural landscape system for the Long March National Cultural Park and to deeply explore the interaction between tourism flow space and place space, so as to guide the optimization of the spatial organization model for regional thematic exhibition areas within the park. By constructing a well-organized regional cultural landscape system, the research seeks to better showcase and preserve the spirit of the Long March within the region, thus enhancing the overall coherence, hierarchical structure, and visitor experience of regional cultural landscape.
[Methods] Based on the “flow space – place space” perspective, the research proposes six spatial structure elements for the regional cultural landscape system: “Flow – chain – network – domain – field – point”. Social Network Analysis (SNA) is employed to identify and analyze the regional tourism flow network structure in the Yan’an section of the park. Through data collection, 228 travel routes and 86 cultural landscapes within the Yan’an section are reviewed. By virtue of SNA tools, an in-depth analysis is conducted on the distribution characteristics of tourism flow, network density, node weighted degree, and betweenness centrality. Based on relevant analysis results, the research optimizes three spatial organization model of “patch – corridor – node” to delineate the thematic exhibition areas within the Yan’an section.
[Results] The research results indicate a significant interaction between tourism flow space and place space: Tourism flow space provides perceptual demand for place space, while place space offers behavioral objectives for tourism flow. This interactive relationship reveals the functional and value characteristics of the spatial structure within the regional cultural landscape system. The six spatial structure elements of “flow – chain – network – domain – field – point” can effectively construct a regional cultural landscape system, which may be specifically described as follows. 1) Flow: Serving as the foundation for constructing the regional cultural landscape system, flow represents the event connections formed between different places within the region, reflecting the types of events each place carries. 2) Network: As the network structure of the regional red cultural landscape system, the network consists of multiple intersecting Long March routes within the region, embodying the spirit of the Long March. 3) Chain: Acting as the corridor of the regional cultural landscape system, the chain is the main axis among the multiple Long March routes, typically centered on the Central Red Army, and reflects the development trajectory of representative historical events in the region. 4) Domain: As the material carrier of the regional cultural landscape system, the domain represents the districts or counties that the chain passes through within the region. Each domain reflects a unique aspect of the Long March spirit and forms an integral part of the overall Long March narrative in the region 5) Field: As the field within the regional cultural landscape system, it represents the landscape clusters formed by representative historical events within the domain, showcasing the areas with the most profound Long March spirit within the domain. 6) Point: As the center of the regional cultural landscape system, the point is the central place within landscape clusters, serving as a focal point for cultural and historical narratives. Based on these elements and the identification results of the regional spatial structure of tourism flow, specific places within the “patch – corridor – node” model can be precisely located to delineate regional thematic exhibition areas. In the empirical research on the Yan’an section, six thematic exhibition areas are successfully delineated. In Ganquan County, one key exhibition park, one concentrated exhibition belt, and two special exhibition points are identified. The key exhibition park is centered around the significant historical event of the “Snow Speech”, while the concentrated exhibition belt follows the Central Red Army’s route in Ganquan County. The special exhibition points rely on sites of particular historical significance, such as the “Laoshan Battle Martyrs Cemetery” and the “Former Site of Shanxi-Gansu Border Material Station”, which play crucial intermediary roles.
[Conclusion] From the perspective of “flow space – place space”, the construction of the regional cultural landscape system should further explore and reflect regional characteristics, especially in the transmission and display of the Long March spirit. The optimization of the spatial organization model for regional thematic exhibition areas must comprehensively consider the real needs of both supply and demand sides, so as to ensure that the optimized model meets the perceptual needs of visitors while fully utilizing the historical and cultural values of the sites. These findings not only provide a new theoretical perspective and structural framework for studying the spatial functions of regional cultural landscapes, but also offer scientific guidance and direct support for the practical construction of the Long March National Cultural Park. Future research should further explore different organizational models of landscape layouts to enhance the functionality and expression of regional cultural landscapes, thus ensuring their long-term stability and sustainable development.
表1 延安段的长征相关文化景观分布数量统计Tab. 1 Distribution Statistics of Long March-related cultural landscapes in the Yan’an section |
| 国保 | 省保 | 市保 | 县保 | 一般 | 总计 | |
| 吴起县 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 12 | 1 | 23 |
| 延川县 | 0 | 17 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 25 |
| 甘泉县 | 0 | 11 | 2 | 3 | 0 | 16 |
| 富县 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 11 |
| 子长市 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 0 | 7 | 20 |
| 延长县 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 5 |
| 安塞区 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 7 |
| 志丹县 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 15 | 24 |
| 宝塔区 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 总计 | 4 | 59 | 17 | 21 | 31 | 132 |
表2 延安段的“域”及历史价值Tab. 2 The “domains” and their historical value in the Yan’an section |
| 整体价值内涵 | 域 | 代表性历史事件 | 历史价值 | |
| 注:“—”代表该区域没有长征相关的代表性历史事件。 | ||||
| 从胜利走向胜利 | 胜利完成伟大长征 | 吴起县 | 中共中央抵达吴起镇 | 中央红军长征胜利 |
| 延川县 | 红二十五军抵达永坪镇 | 红二十五军长征胜利 | ||
| 胜利完成战略转移 | 甘泉县 | 下寺湾会议 | 战略新格局 | |
| 富县 | 直罗镇战役 | 奠基礼 | ||
| 胜利完成战争转变 | 子长市 | 瓦窑堡会议 | 抗日民族统一战线 | |
| 延长县 | 东征会议 | 抗日民族统一战线 | ||
| 安塞区 | — | 抗日民族统一战线 | ||
| 志丹县 | 和平解决“西安事变” | 红都 | ||
| 宝塔区 | 中共中央入驻延安 | 走向胜利 | ||
表3 延安段的景观聚落及中心场所Tab. 3 Landscape clusters and central places in the Yan’an section |
| 地域范围 | 代表性历史事件 | 级别 | 场(景观聚落) | 点(中心场所) |
| 吴起街道 | 中央红军抵达吴起镇 | 国保 | 吴起革命旧址 | 吴起镇新窑院革命旧址 |
| 省保 | “切尾巴”战斗遗址 | |||
| 道镇 | 雪地讲话 | 省保 | 红一军团与红十五军团会师地遗址 | 红一军团与红十五军团会师地遗址 |
| 省保 | 象鼻子湾毛泽东旧居 | |||
| 省保 | 红十五军司令部旧址 | |||
| 直罗镇 | 直罗镇战役 | 省保 | 直罗镇战役遗址 | 直罗镇战役遗址 |
| 县保 | 直罗镇烈士陵园 | |||
| 瓦窑堡街道 | 瓦窑堡会议 | 国保 | 瓦窑堡革命旧址 | 中山街毛泽东旧居 |
| 保安街道 | 和平解决“西安事变” | 国保 | 保安革命旧址 | 毛泽东旧居 |
| 永坪镇 | 永坪红军会师 | 省保 | 永坪革命旧址 | 西北革命军事委员会旧址 |
表4 延安段的节点出入度和综合排序值(前10 名)Tab. 4 Node weighted degrees and comprehensive ranking values (top 10) in the Yan’an section |
| 序号 | 场所名称 | 节点出 入度 | 综合排 序值 |
| 1 | 延安革命纪念馆 | 51 | 0.158 7 |
| 2 | 保安革命旧址 | 23 | 0.040 4 |
| 3 | 下寺湾毛泽东旧居 | 18 | 0.030 8 |
| 4 | 吴起镇新窑院革命旧址 | 17 | 0.025 8 |
| 5 | 中央红军长征胜利纪念园 | 17 | 0.025 3 |
| 6 | 中山街毛泽东旧居 | 16 | 0.024 7 |
| 7 | 张湾子毛泽东旧居 | 14 | |
| 8 | 红一军团与红十五军团 会师地遗址 | 14 | |
| 9 | 永宁山 | 13 | |
| 10 | 刘志丹烈士陵园 | 13 | |
表5 延安段甘泉县的中介中心性Tab. 5 Betweenness centrality of Ganquan County in the Yan’an section |
| 序号 | 类型 | 场所名称 | 级别 | 中介中心性 |
| 注:“—”表示该场所不在旅游流网络当中。 | ||||
| 1 | 人物类 | 乔庄毛泽东旧居 | 省保 | 0.202 |
| 史家湾毛泽东旧居 | 市保 | 0.208 | ||
| 象鼻子湾毛泽东旧居 | 省保 | 0.207 | ||
| 彭德怀旧居 | 县保 | — | ||
| 2 | 会议类 | 下寺湾毛泽东旧居 | 省保 | 0.205 |
| 3 | 战役类 | 红一军团与红十五军团会师地遗址 | 省保 | 0.204 |
| 劳山战役遗址 | 省保 | 0.206 | ||
| 4 | 机构类 | 陕甘苏区政府阎家湾旧址 | 市保 | 0.201 |
| 肤甘革命委员会旧址 | 省保 | 0.201 | ||
| 闫家沟列宁小学旧址 | 省保 | 0.204 | ||
| 陕甘边物资站旧址 | 省保 | 0.209 | ||
| 红十五军司令部旧址 | 省保 | 0.203 | ||
| 乔庄红军医院旧址 | 县保 | — | ||
| 陕甘边苏维埃政府经济部旧址 | 省保 | — | ||
| 屈沟坪陕甘边区革命军事委员会旧址 | 省保 | 0.200 | ||
| 5 | 场馆/纪念地 | 劳山战役烈士陵园 | 县保 | 0.214 |
文中图表均由作者绘制,其中
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