北京市30种常用园林绿化树种固碳能力评价
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钱璟/女/北京林业大学硕士/太仓市城容投资有限公司管培生/研究方向为园林植物生态应用 |
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沈思栋/男/北京林业大学硕士/广西壮族自治区林业勘测设计院助理工程师/研究方向为园林植物生态应用 |
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范舒欣/女/博士/北京林业大学园林学院副教授/研究方向为城市绿地植被生态系统服务 |
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董丽/女/博士/北京林业大学园林学院教授、博士生导师/本刊编委/研究方向为风景园林植物规划与设计、城市绿地植被生态系统服务、生态修复 |
Copy editor: 边紫琳
收稿日期: 2024-08-31
修回日期: 2024-12-02
网络出版日期: 2025-12-07
基金资助
国家重点研发计划课题“全生命周期高生态服务功能园林植物筛选研究与展示示范”(2022YFC3802602)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“基于系统动力学仿真的城市绿地植被全生命周期碳源汇驱动机制与优化策略研究”(52300229)
版权
Evaluation on Carbon Sequestration Capacity of 30 Common Landscaping Tree Species in Beijing
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QIAN Jing gained her master degree in Beijing Forestry University, and is a management trainee in Taicang City Chengrong Investment Limited Company. Her research focuses on ecological application of landscape plant |
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SHEN Sidong gained his master degree in Beijing Forestry University, and is an assistant engineer in Guangxi Forestry Surveying and Planning Institute. His research focuses on ecological application of landscape plant |
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FAN Shuxin, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University. Her research focuses on ecosystem services of urban green space vegetation |
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DONG Li, Ph.D., is a professor and doctoral supervisor in the School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, and an editorial board member of this journal. Her research focuses on landscape plant planning and design, ecosystem services of urban green space vegetation, and ecological restoration |
Received date: 2024-08-31
Revised date: 2024-12-02
Online published: 2025-12-07
Copyright
【目的】在“双碳”目标下,定量研究园林植物的光合固碳机理,评价、筛选高固碳能力的园林绿化树种,为城市绿地中植物材料的选择与配置提供科学的理论依据,助力低碳园林建设。【方法】以北京城市绿地30种常用园林绿化树种为研究对象,实地监测树种的光合生理指标,计算不同树种在不同季节的日均光合速率。采用同化量法核算供试树种单位叶面积年固碳量、单位土地面积年固碳量和单株年固碳量。根据上述3项指标数据,通过聚类分析对树种的固碳能力进行分级。【结果】在供试树种中,常绿和落叶树种在不同季节的日均光合速率均值变化规律均表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。对于同一生活型的树种,不同树种的日均光合速率均存在差异。根据单位叶面积年固碳量、单位土地面积年固碳量和单株年固碳量,可将供试树种年固碳量由高到低划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 3个等级。其中,榆(Ulmus pumila)的3项指标均为Ⅱ级及以上。综合单位土地面积年固碳量和单株年固碳量对供试树种的综合碳汇效应进行评价,乔木中旱柳(Salix matsudana)、榆、毛泡桐(Paulownia tomentosa)、杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)、七叶树(Aesculus chinensis),灌木中毛樱桃(Prunus tomentosa)、荆条(Vitex negundo var. heterophylla)、鸡树条(Viburnum opulus subsp. calvescens)和黄刺玫(Rosa xanthina)的综合碳汇效应较强。乔木类树种单株年固碳量显著高于灌木类树种,但在单位土地面积年固碳量、单位叶面积年固碳量方面两者无显著差异,这可能与灌木类树种的应用方式有关。【结论】基于对北京市30种常用园林绿化树种固碳能力的核算、比较,筛选出综合碳汇效应较强的树种,可为未来北京市低碳园林建设的树种选择与景观营建提供科学参考。
钱璟 , 沈思栋 , 范舒欣 , 董丽 . 北京市30种常用园林绿化树种固碳能力评价[J]. 风景园林, 2025 , 32(1) : 41 -48 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202408310500
[Objective] With the development of urbanization and industrialization, greenhouse gas emissions continue to increase, and the issue of global warming has attracted more and more attention. Actively responding to the issue of climate change, China has put forward the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals for carbon emission reduction. Landscaping trees play an important role in increasing urban natural carbon sinks and neutralizing urban anthropogenic carbon emissions. To maximize the carbon sink of the limited urban green spaces, it is necessary to choose landscaping tree species with high carbon sequestration capacity. Beijing is facing various environmental problems, such as severe urban island heat effect caused by vast greenhouse gas emission, and air pollution. The low-carbon landscaping construction practice in Beijing can not only alleviate urban problems, but also improve the human settlement environment, making people live healthier and happier. Furthermore, such practice in Beijing, the capital city, can set a significant example for other cities. Therefore, the research on carbon sequestration capacity of common landscaping tree species in Beijing is of great importance, especially considering that relevant research is still not sufficient and complete at present.
[Methods] According to the principles of ecological adaptability and representativeness, this research mainly considers tree species seldom involved in the current research (Vitex negundo var. heterophylla, etc.), while highly recommended in Beijing in recent years (Chionanthus retusus, etc.), and then takes 30 common landscaping tree species in Beijing urban green space as the research object. The research selects 5 standard plants for each specie. All the selected plants are located in the open spaces (without shade) of urban parks in Beijing, which are far away from water bodies and buildings and have similar habitats. The photosynthetic physiological parameters were monitored with Li-cor 6400 portable photosynthetic analyzer in four seasons in 2022 and 2023. Based on the monitoring results, the average daily photosynthetic rate in different seasons is calculated. According to the assimilation amount method, the annual carbon sequestration per unit leaf area, per unit land area and per plant are calculated respectively. Moreover, the carbon sequestration capacity of tree species is graded by cluster analysis, and the differences in carbon sequestration capacity between tree species with different life forms are tested by independent-sample t.
[Results] Among the tested tree species, the daily average photosynthetic rates of evergreen and deciduous tree species in different seasons follow the same order: Summer > spring > autumn > winter. According to the indicators of annual carbon sequestration per leaf area, annual carbon sequestration per land area and annual carbon sequestration per plant, the tested tree species can be divided into levels I, Ⅱ and Ⅲ (from high to low), respectively. The carbon sequestration capacity of Ulmus pumila is outstanding, which belongs to level Ⅱ and above in all the three indicators. The comprehensive carbon sequestration capacity of the tested tree species is evaluated based on annual carbon sequestration per unit land area and per plant, and the performance of Salix matsudana (among all the tested arbors) and Prunus tomentosa (among all the shrubs) is the best. Among all the tested tree species, the annual carbon sequestration per plant of arbors is significantly higher than that of shrubs, but there is no significant difference between the two in terms of both the annual carbon sequestration per unit land area and the annual carbon sequestration per unit leaf area. The reason why there is no significant difference in the annual carbon sequestration per unit land area between arbors and shrubs may be related to the application forms.
[Conclusion] In the practice of low-carbon landscaping in Beijing, the application of landscaping tree species should be comprehensively considered from multiple perspectives, including ecological adaptability, ecological benefits, aesthetics, etc. On the basis of fulfilling other functional needs, from the perspective of carbon sink, landscaping tree species with high carbon sequestration capacity should be fully applied. The arbors such as Salix matsudana, Ulmus pumila, Paulownia tomentosa, Eucommia ulmoides, Aesculus chinensis, and shrubs such as Prunus tomentosa, Vitex negundo var. heterophylla, Viburnum opulus subsp. calvescens and Rosa xanthina are highly recommended. Future research is supposed to further discuss the differences in carbon sequestration capacity between the colored-leaf plant species and its original plant species, and carbon budget in the whole life cycle of landscaping tree species, which can further provide a scientific basis for the construction of low-carbon landscape in Beijing, thus helping achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.
表1 供试树种基本信息Tab. 1 Basic information of the tested tree species |
| 序 号 | 生活 型 | 树种 | 拉丁名 |
| 1 | 常绿 乔木 | 白杄 | Picea meyeri |
| 2 | 圆柏 | Juniperus chinensis | |
| 3 | 落叶 乔木 | 杜仲 | Eucommia ulmoides |
| 4 | 榆 | Ulmus pumila | |
| 5 | 金叶榆 | Ulmus pumila ‘Jinye’ | |
| 6 | 旱柳 | Salix matsudana | |
| 7 | 金叶梣叶槭 | Acer negundo ‘Aurea’ | |
| 8 | 秋火焰枫 | Acer × freemanii ‘Autumn Blaze’ | |
| 9 | 七叶树 | Aesculus chinensis | |
| 10 | 毛泡桐 | Paulownia tomentosa | |
| 11 | 山桃 | Prunus davidiana | |
| 12 | 红叶碧桃 | Prunus persica ‘Atropurpurea’ | |
| 13 | 日本晚樱 | Prunus serrulata var. lannesiana | |
| 14 | 紫叶李 | Prunus cerasifera ‘Atropurpurea’ | |
| 15 | 流苏树 | Chionanthus retusus | |
| 16 | 常绿 灌木 | 小叶黄杨 | Buxus sinica var. parvifolia |
| 17 | 冬青卫矛 | Euonymus japonicus | |
| 18 | 落叶 灌木 | 紫叶小檗 | Berberis thunbergii ‘Atropurpurea’ |
| 19 | 黄刺玫 | Rosa xanthina | |
| 20 | ‘绯扇’ 现代月季 | Rosa hybrida ‘Hiogi’ | |
| 21 | 平枝栒子 | Cotoneaster horizontalis | |
| 22 | 水栒子 | Cotoneaster multiflorus | |
| 23 | 荆条 | Vitex negundo var. heterophylla | |
| 24 | 毛樱桃 | Prunus tomentosa | |
| 25 | 鸡树条 | Viburnum opulus subsp. calvescens | |
| 26 | 接骨木 | Sambucus williamsii | |
| 27 | 连翘 | Forsythia suspensa | |
| 28 | ‘洛阳红’牡丹 | Paeonia × suffruticosa ‘Luo Yang Hong’ | |
| 29 | 贴梗海棠 | Chaenomeles speciosa | |
| 30 | 木槿 | Hibiscus syriacus |
表2 不同季节供试树种的日均光合速率Tab. 2 Average daily photosynthetic rate of the tested tree species in different seasons |
| 生活型 | 树种 | 日均光合速率/ | |||
| 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 | ||
| 注:落叶植物在冬季叶片脱落,几乎不进行光合作用,故“空白”表示无此项数据。 | |||||
| 常绿乔木 | 白杄 | 6.35±2.14 | 5.33±1.70 | 3.52±1.36 | 2.13±0.68 |
| 圆柏 | 3.63±1.21 | 6.12±2.05 | 2.38±0.92 | 1.30±0.43 | |
| 落叶乔木 | 杜仲 | 6.06±2.06 | 11.70±3.98 | 6.88±2.20 | |
| 榆 | 11.7±3.79 | 21.28±7.36 | 15.22±5.29 | ||
| 金叶榆 | 6.89±2.19 | 14.77±5.14 | 12.36±4.41 | ||
| 旱柳 | 8.68±3.37 | 6.85±2.17 | 7.50±1.90 | ||
| 金叶梣叶槭 | 6.02±2.91 | 8.92±2.97 | 4.86±1.64 | ||
| 秋火焰枫 | 8.95±2.85 | 8.14±2.60 | 6.72±2.21 | ||
| 七叶树 | 11.24±3.64 | 5.72±1.89 | 6.00±1.98 | ||
| 毛泡桐 | 8.31±3.19 | 6.93±2.72 | 12.85±4.44 | ||
| 山桃 | 11.50±3.96 | 14.92±4.85 | 8.02±1.96 | ||
| 红叶碧桃 | 4.33±1.42 | 6.52±2.23 | 9.61±3.08 | ||
| 日本晚樱 | 8.05±1.02 | 10.26±1.43 | 7.71±2.90 | ||
| 紫叶李 | 8.42±2.85 | 2.41±0.78 | 5.09±1.38 | ||
| 流苏树 | 7.08±2.63 | 11.23±3.93 | 3.24±1.36 | ||
| 常绿灌木 | 小叶黄杨 | 4.47±0.91 | 3.47±0.58 | 3.70±1.29 | 1.93±0.59 |
| 冬青卫矛 | 3.04±0.55 | 6.26±1.35 | 5.09±1.66 | 1.43±0.49 | |
| 落叶灌木 | 紫叶小檗 | 4.18±0.74 | 5.37±0.61 | 3.20±1.11 | |
| 黄刺玫 | 5.64±2.46 | 5.91±2.11 | 3.80±1.30 | ||
| ‘绯扇’现代月季 | 14.47±2.48 | 11.89±1.31 | 8.44±1.71 | ||
| 平枝栒子 | 11.15±3.92 | 9.07±3.00 | 7.82±2.51 | ||
| 水栒子 | 18.40±6.04 | 11.19±3.82 | 11.27±3.73 | ||
| 荆条 | 6.88±2.24 | 10.32±3.78 | 4.40±1.73 | ||
| 毛樱桃 | 11.35±3.82 | 10.85±3.61 | 5.75±1.98 | ||
| 鸡树条 | 5.29±1.29 | 3.39±0.62 | 4.35±0.53 | ||
| 接骨木 | 6.20±2.28 | 6.05±1.99 | 3.14±0.67 | ||
| 连翘 | 9.11±3.00 | 13.63±4.32 | 7.15±2.43 | ||
| ‘洛阳红’牡丹 | 5.80±1.23 | 6.45±2.11 | 2.65±0.80 | ||
| 贴梗海棠 | 7.87±1.60 | 17.39±5.95 | 7.01±2.27 | ||
| 木槿 | 6.24±1.27 | 9.42±1.64 | 8.66±1.55 | ||
图1 不同生活型供试树种单位叶面积年固碳量、单位土地面积年固碳量、单株年固碳量比较Fig. 1 Comparison of annual carbon sequestration per unit leaf, per unit land area, and per plant of the tested tree species with different life forms |
表3 乔木类树种聚类分析结果Tab. 3 Results of cluster analysis of the arbor species |
| 聚类 类型 | 聚类中心 | 与聚类中心 的距离 | 树种 | |
| 单位土地面积年固 碳量(标准化数值) | 单株年固碳量 (标准化数值) | |||
| 1 | −0.272 | 2.238 | 0 | 旱柳 |
| 2 | 1.044 | 1.002 | 1.806 | 榆、毛泡桐、杜仲、七叶树 |
| 3 | 0.186 | −0.496 | 2.772 | 白杄、山桃、金叶榆、流苏树、圆柏、日本晚樱 |
| 4 | −1.255 | −0.818 | 3.210 | 秋火焰枫、金叶梣叶槭、紫叶李、红叶碧桃 |
表4 灌木类树种聚类分析结果Tab. 4 Results of cluster analysis of the shrub species |
| 聚类 类型 | 聚类中心 | 与聚类中心 的距离 | 树种 | |
| 单位土地面积年固 碳量(标准化数值) | 单株年固碳量 (标准化数值) | |||
| 1 | −0.099 | 2.372 | 0 | 毛樱桃 |
| 2 | −0.830 | 0.813 | 1.722 | 荆条、鸡树条、黄刺玫 |
| 3 | 1.213 | 0.064 | 2.655 | 贴梗海棠、平枝栒子、冬青卫矛、小叶黄杨、水栒子 |
| 4 | −0.579 | −0.855 | 3.263 | 连翘、‘绯扇’现代月季、木槿、接骨木、紫叶小檗、‘洛阳红’牡丹 |
文中图表均由作者绘制。
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