城市蓝绿基础设施多尺度增汇减碳能效测度研究进展和规划策略
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刘颂/女/博士/同济大学建筑与城市规划学院教授、博士生导师/高密度人居环境生态与节能教育部重点实验室数字景观模拟分实验室负责人/研究方向为城乡绿地系统规划、景观规划技术方法 |
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白钊成/男/同济大学建筑与城市规划学院在读博士研究生/研究方向为数字景观 |
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柳迪子/男/同济大学建筑与城市规划学院在读博士研究生/研究方向为城乡绿地系统规划 |
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沈培宇/女/同济大学建筑与城市规划学院在读博士研究生/研究方向为城乡绿地系统规划 |
Copy editor: 刘昱霏
收稿日期: 2024-03-28
修回日期: 2024-11-18
网络出版日期: 2025-12-07
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于生态系统服务权衡与协同的市级生态空间多目标优化研究”(52178050)
版权
Research Progress in and Planning Strategies for Multi-scale Measurement of the Efficiency of Urban Blue-Green Infrastructure in Carbon Sink Enhancement and Emission Reduction
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LIU Song, Ph.D., is a professor and doctoral supervisor in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP), Tongji University, person in charge of DLA sub-lab of the Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy Saving Study of Dense Habitat, Ministry of Education. Her research focuses on urban and rural green space system planning, and techniques and methods for landscape planning.liusong5@tongji.edu.cn |
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BAI Zhaocheng is a Ph.D. candidate in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP), Tongji University. His research focuses on digital landscape |
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LIU Dizi is a Ph.D. candidate in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP), Tongji University. His research focuses on urban and rural green space system planning |
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SHEN Peiyu is a Ph.D. candidate in the College of Architecture and Urban Planning (CAUP), Tongji University. Her research focuses on urban and rural green space system planning |
Received date: 2024-03-28
Revised date: 2024-11-18
Online published: 2025-12-07
Copyright
【目的】城市是最大的碳源,城市蓝绿基础设施(urban blue-green infrastructure, UBGI)作为城市重要的生态空间,系统梳理当前UBGI增汇减碳研究的进展和不足,提出规划策略和重点论题,对实现“碳中和”目标具有关键意义。【方法】通过文献归纳与演绎,梳理多尺度UBGI增汇减碳能效的测度方法,解析对应尺度下的影响因素,依据“测度方法—影响因素—规划策略”的逻辑框架,构建多尺度UBGI增汇减碳规划策略。【结果】UBGI增汇减碳的测度方法和影响因素具有尺度差异性,因此面向场地、社区、城区3个空间尺度,从固碳增汇、降(保)温减碳、出行减碳3个方面构建了UBGI增汇减碳规划策略,并基于当前研究不足和规划需求,提出了面向增汇减碳的UBGI规划研究的五大重点论题:如何构建尺度合一的UBGI增汇减碳测度方法、如何测度独立场所UBGI (separate-sited UBGI, SSU)降(保)温减碳能效、如何实现融合碳汇测度与减碳测度的UBGI全生命周期评估、如何权衡UBGI增汇减碳与其他功能以获得综合效益最优的布局、如何布局UBGI以实现低碳正义。【结论】策略框架的碳汇路径要求“源头碳汇—精准落位—格局管控”,减碳路径要求“共生共融—共建共享—有机疏解”,权衡这2条路径在3个空间尺度上的策略,能为UBGI建设和管理提供理论支持和实践指导。五大重点论题能够为UBGI建设和未来研究提供指引。
刘颂 , 白钊成 , 柳迪子 , 沈培宇 . 城市蓝绿基础设施多尺度增汇减碳能效测度研究进展和规划策略[J]. 风景园林, 2025 , 32(1) : 14 -22 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202403280180
[Objective] The world is still in a phase of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Excessive carbon emissions has become the primary root cause of various urban or even global environmental problems, further impacting human physiological and psychological health. Cities are the largest sources of carbon emissions and are crucial regions for achieving carbon neutrality goals. Urban blue-green infrastructure (UBGI), comprising natural, semi-natural, or artificial green and blue spaces within cities, is considered as the most important carbon sink space in urban areas and has increasingly attracted widespread attention from researchers. However, there are still many unresolved issues regarding the effectiveness of UBGI in carbon sink enhancement and emission reduction: 1) How is the energy efficiency of carbon sink enhancement and emission reduction measured, and what factors influence it? 2) What are the mechanisms and pathways through which UBGI enhances carbon sink and reduces carbon emission? 3) How can UBGI be regulated to better enhance its effectiveness in carbon sink enhancement and emission reduction? 4) What are the limitations and potential directions for future research? This research aims to address these issues and propose scientifically sound planning strategies for UBGI construction to achieve urban carbon neutrality goals.
[Methods] Through literature synthesis and deduction, this research organizes and analyzes the multi-scale measurement methods for UBGI’s efficiency in carbon sink enhancement and emission reduction, identifies corresponding influencing factors at each scale, and constructs multi-scale planning strategies for UBGI based on the logical framework of “measurement methods–influencing factors – planning strategies”.
[Results] The research proposes UBGI planning strategies across three spatial scales (site, community and urban area), covering three key aspects: Carbon sequestration and sink enhancement, carbon reduction based on temperature reduction (or preservation), and travel-related carbon reduction. Based on current research gaps and planning needs, five major research topics are further identified. This research provides a detailed analysis of the measurement methods and influencing factors of UBGI’s efficiency in carbon sink enhancement and emission reduction from three perspectives: Carbon sequestration and sink enhancement, carbon reduction based on temperature reduction (or preservation), and travel-related carbon reduction. The research finds significant differences in the measurement methods for UBGI’s efficiency in carbon sink enhancement and emission reduction efficiency across different scales. Contradictory results may occur at different scales, and large-scale research often lacks characterization of internal features, leading to unclear mechanisms of influencing factors and obstructing practical planning. Based on the interpretation of UBGI’s mechanisms for carbon sink enhancement and emission reduction at different scales, this research formulates UBGI planning strategies across three spatial scales (site, community, and urban area). These strategies include: 1) At the site scale, for carbon sequestration and sink enhancement – carbon sink at the source, land balance, and ecological design; for emission reduction – symbiosis with buildings and integration into daily life. 2) At the community scale, for carbon sequestration – overall balance of revenue and expenditure, precise positioning, and proper interconnection of the carbon chain; for emission reduction – incorporation of cool islands and co-construction. 3) At the urban area scale, for carbon sequestration – enhancement of ecological space management and establishment of a carbon-safe pattern; for emission reduction – demand-based layout and organic dispersion. Finally, the research proposes five major research topics for the planning of UBGI’s carbon sink enhancement and emission reduction: How to construct unified measurement methods for UBGI’s efficiency in carbon sink enhancement and emission reduction across scales? How to measure UBGI’s efficiency in carbon reduction based on temperature reduction (or preservation) at the site scale? How to integrate the pathways of carbon sink enhancement and emission reduction for a life cycle assessment of UBGI? How to balance UBGI’s carbon sink enhancement and emission reduction with other functions to achieve the optimal layout for comprehensive benefits? How to achieve urban “carbon justice” through UBGI?
[Conclusion] The carbon sink pathway of the strategy framework requires “carbon sink at the source – precise positioning – safe pattern”, and the emission reduction pathway requires “symbiotic integration – co-construction and sharing – organic dispersion”. The key trade-offs between these two pathways at three spatial scales may provide theoretical support and practical guidance for UBGI construction and management. The five major research topics mentioned above may offer valuable assistance for UBGI construction and future research.
表1 UBGI的碳汇能效测度方法和影响因素[6-9, 11-14, 17-22, 27, 29-31, 33-39]Tab. 1 Measurement methods and influencing factors of UBGI’s carbon sink efficiency[6-9, 11-14, 17-22, 27, 29-31, 33-39] |
| 测度方式 | 应用尺度 | 测度方法 | 碳汇能效影响因素 | ||
| 正向因素 | 负向因素 | 权衡因素 | |||
| 基于要素的UBGI 碳汇能效测度 | 场地尺度 | 样品推广法[9, 11] | 土壤要素:厚度、含水量、有机质含量等[29, 31]; 水体要素:水体面积、水质、深度、底泥厚度、 水生物多样性等[35-36] | 土壤要素:污染程度等[30]; 水体要素:渠化、富营养化等[36] | 土壤水体理化性质[29, 34] |
| 异速生长方程[12] | 植物高度、冠幅、叶面积、栽植密度等[27] | 植物休眠期时长等[27, 34] | 植物种类、配置方式[7] | ||
| 社区、城区尺度 | 基于LiDAR测量的 异速生长方程[14] | ||||
| 碳核算模型[8, 13] | 植物数量、覆盖率等[8] | 树龄等[8] | 气候条件等[33] | ||
| 基于整体的UBGI 碳汇能效测度 | 场地尺度 | 微气象方法[17-18] | 内部要素:大乔木比例[34]; 外部环境:周边碳排强度[36] | 距离城市中心的距离[37] | 水面占比、设计形式[35] |
| 社区尺度 | 布局特征:多层次性和分散度[39] | UBI和UGI的距离[35] | 局部微气候[37] | ||
| 城区尺度 | 碳因子模型[6, 19-20] | 形态特征:斑块多样性、形态复杂度等[37-38]; 布局特征:UBGI连通性和聚集型[22] | 布局特征:蓝绿要素的距离等[35] | 外部环境:布局位置、气候条件等[22, 39] | |
| 遥感模型[21-22] | |||||
表2 UBGI减碳能效测度研究和影响因素[27, 42-44, 49, 51-69]Tab. 2 Measurement and influencing factors of UBGI’s carbon reduction efficiency[27, 42-44, 49, 51-69] |
| 测度对象 | 测度方法 | 减碳能效影响因素 | |||
| 正向因素 | 负向因素 | 权衡因素 | |||
| 以降(保)温为中介 的减碳能效测度 | 场地尺度BIV及社区 尺度BIV系统 | 实地测温、实测能耗[42] | 植物要素:种植密度、叶面积、冠高[49, 59-60]; 土壤要素:厚度、含水量[61]; 布局特征:BIV层次性等[65] | 不透水表面面积等[61] | BIV的类型、植物选择、种植方式、 和建筑相对位置等[44, 51-52] |
| 模型预测温度和能耗[27] | |||||
| 城区尺度的SSU | 遥感反演、经验估计[43] | 形态特征:面积、河流曲折度、内部斑块复 杂度[43, 62-63]; 布局形式:UBGI系统连接度、水绿斑块临近 度等[64-65] | 形态复杂度等[63] | 布局位置、布局形式[49, 63] | |
| 模型预测温度、经验估计[27] | |||||
| 以促进体力出行为为中 介的减碳能效测度 | 场地尺度 | 现场调查记录体力出行 人数变化[53-54] | 便捷性、绿化覆盖率、基础设施、土地利用 多样性和混合度[63, 66-68] | 绿道距城市中心的距离[58] | 使用者感知特征[69] |
| 社区尺度 | 安全性、舒适度、愉悦感[53, 55-57, 69] | ||||
| 城区尺度 | 基于交通统计数据进行 回归分析或横向对比[55-56] | UBGI网络的广度、密度、可达性[58, 67] | |||
文中图表均由作者绘制。
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