在一些受污染的水生生态系统中，会出现植物疯长蔓延等问题，随着植物季节枯荣和消亡，会产生一定量的影响水体健康的水生植物残体等固体废弃物，如不对这些固体废弃物及时进行处理，会对水生生态系统生境造成进一步的污染。随着“无废城市”建设的推进，需要寻求水生植物残体资源化利用的途径。为解决路径选择难题，本文构建了基于层次分析法(AHP)的水生植物残体资源化技术评价体系。该评价体系包括技术、经济、环境、社会和政策5个一级指标以及17个二级指标，通过建立系统化的评价模型，以苏州市蓝藻、水葫芦(Pontederia crassipes)等典型水生植物残体为研究对象进行实证分析。研究结果表明，技术指标(权重51%)和碳排放量(环境指标子项，权重17.94%)是影响技术路线选择的关键要素。通过综合评价发现，好氧堆肥(7.215分)在适应高纤维物料特性、市场需求稳定性及设施适配性方面表现最优，其次为厌氧消化(6.416分)和协同焚烧(5.549分)。建议构建“好氧堆肥为主、厌氧消化为辅、协同焚烧托底”的复合处理体系，并结合当地政策支持与产业布局优化。本文可为水生植物残体资源化路径选择提供科学决策依据。

The sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems faces growing challenges due to the accumulation of plant-derived biomass waste in polluted lakes and reservoirs. Issues such as impaired plant growth, uncontrolled proliferation, seasonal die-off, and rapid decomposition of vegetation contribute to significant accumulations of organic residues. These materials not only deteriorate water quality by releasing nutrients and accelerating eutrophication but also disrupt the ecological balance of freshwater habitats. Without timely and systematic intervention, such residual biomass can cause secondary pollution, further compromising aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services. Against the backdrop of China’s Zero-Waste City initiative, there is a pressing need to transition from conventional disposal methods toward sustainable, resource-oriented strategies consistent with circular economy principles. To address the challenge of selecting appropriate treatment pathways, this study developed a multi-criteria decision framework based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The framework integrates five fundamental dimensions, including technical economic, environmental, social, and policy criteria, supported by 17 sub-criteria that systematically reflect sustainability priorities and local operational conditions. The model was applied to assess typical forms of aquatic waste, such as cyanobacterial blooms and water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) in Suzhou City, a representative urban area in China confronting eutrophication and aquatic vegetation management challenges. The AHP-based weighting results highlighted technical feasibility as the most influential criterion, accounting for 51% of the total decision weight. Among environmental sub-criteria, carbon emissions emerged as a dominant factor with a weight of 17.94%, underscoring the growing importance of low-carbon considerations in technology selection. Using a normalized scoring mechanism, aerobic composting received the highest comprehensive evaluation score (7.215), attributable to its strong compatibility with high-fiber feedstock, steady market demand for compost products, and operational adaptability to local infrastructure. Anaerobic digestion ranked second (6.416), offering appreciable energy recovery benefits though limited by process stability requirements and capital investment. Co-incineration (5.549) scored lower, constrained by its reliance on auxiliary fuels, higher emissions, and public acceptance challenges, positioning it mainly as a contingency option. Based on these findings, the study proposes an integrated and hierarchical management system centered on aerobic composting, supplemented by anaerobic digestion, and incorporating co-incineration as a contingency option. This multi-technology framework is designed to enhance flexibility, resource output, and environmental performance. Further analysis emphasizes the importance of region-specific policy support, industrial symbiosis models, and regulatory incentives to enable technology adoption and scalling. By combining scientific assessment with practical policy insights, this research provides a robust and transferable decision-support tool for advancing sustainable resource utilization of aquatic plant residue in urban and peri-urban contexts.