汉江中下游河岸带植物生态位和种间关系研究
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杨娇(1989—),女,湖北省宜昌人,博士,助理研究员,从事水文情势与湿地植物研究。E-mail: yangjiao@caas.cn |
收稿日期: 2024-08-16
修回日期: 2024-11-28
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
版权
Niche and interspecific relationships of herbaceous plants in the riparian zones of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, China
Received date: 2024-08-16
Revised date: 2024-11-28
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
调水和梯级水利枢纽的建设会急剧改变河流水文状况,导致河岸带湿地生境发生变化,从而对河岸带植物之间的相互关系及群落稳定性产生不同程度的影响。本研究基于汉江中下游河岸带植物群落沿高程和水分梯度的带状分布特征进行野外植被调查,将野外采样点划分为3个平行样带,其中近水面植被带为样带1,中间区域为样带2,离水面最远的植被带为样带3,应用生态位宽度、生态位相似比、χ2检验、Pearson和Spearman秩相关检验等方法,开展河岸带优势植物生态位和种间关系研究,探讨汉江调水和梯级大坝运行对植物种间关系和群落演替机制的影响。研究结果表明,研究区共有草本植物44种,以禾本科和菊科为主。样带1、样带2和样带3中重要值最大的物种分别是水烛(Typha angustifolia)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)和芦苇;生态位宽度最大的物种分别是小蓬草(Erigeron canadensis)、小蓬草和狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon);生态位相似比最大的种对分别是水烛−芦苇、问荆(Equisetum arvense)−白茅(Imperata cylindrica)、黑麦草(Lolium perenne)−白茅。在3条样带中,生态位相似比小于0.2的种对均占70%以上,表明汉江中下游河岸带植物物种对资源利用的相似性较低,种间关系相对独立。χ2检验结果显示,3条样带中不显著相关的种对数均占80%以上,相较而言,样带3的种间结构最为松散。Pearson和Spearman秩相关检验结果显示,在3条样带中呈负联结的种对均占显著优势,表明植物优势种种间联结性较弱,各物种相对独立,群落处于不稳定的演替时期。基于以上研究结果,建议在现有环境中选择互利共生型植物作为汉江中下游河岸带植物群落保护和生境恢复的先锋物种,这将有助于促进河岸带植物群落的稳定,维护并增强河岸带生态系统的整体功能。
杨娇 , 周瑞 , 厉恩华 . 汉江中下游河岸带植物生态位和种间关系研究[J]. 湿地科学, 2026 , 24(1) : 112 -123 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240223
The construction of water diversion projects and cascade dams drastically alters the hydrological regimes of rivers, inducing changes in the habitats of riparian zones and exerting varying degrees of impacts on the interspecific relationships and community stability of riparian plants. Based on the zonal distribution characteristics of plant communities along elevation and moisture gradients in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River, this study conducted field vegetation surveys by dividing sampling sites into three parallel transects: Transect 1 (near-water vegetation zones), Transect 2 (intermediate zones), and Transect 3 (farthest vegetation zones from the water). Methods including niche breadth, niche similarity ratio, chi-square (χ2) test, Pearson correlation analysis, and Spearman’s rank correlation test were employed to investigate the ecological niches and interspecific relationships of dominant riparian plants, aiming to explore the effects of water diversion and cascade dams operations on plant interspecific interactions and community succession mechanisms. The results showed that there were 44 herbaceous plant species in the study area, predominantly belonging to the Poaceae and Asteraceae families. The species with the highest importance values in Transects 1, 2, and 3 were Typha angustifolia, Phragmites australis, and P. australis, respectively. Meanwhile, the species with the largest niche breadths were Erigeron canadensis, E. canadensis, and Cynodon dactylon in the three transects. The species pairs with the highest niche similarity ratios were T. angustifolia & P. australis (Transect 1), Equisetum arvense & Imperata cylindrica (Transect 2), and Lolium perenne & I. cylindrica (Transect 3). Across all three transects, more than 70% of species pairs exhibited a niche similarity ratio below 0.2, indicating low overlap in resource utilization and relatively independent interspecific relationships among riparian plants in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River. The χ2 test revealed that over 80% of species pairs showed non-significant correlations in each transect, with Transect 3 presenting the loosest interspecific network structure. Further results from Pearson and Spearman’s rank correlation tests demonstrated that negatively associated species pairs dominated in all three transects, suggesting weak interspecific linkages, relative independence among dominant species, and an unstable successional stage of the plant community. Based on these findings, we recommend selecting mutualistic plant species as pioneer species for the conservation and habitat restoration of riparian plant communities in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River. This strategy will contribute to enhancing the stability of riparian plant communities and maintaining the overall functionality of the riparian ecosystem.
1 Species composition, importance value and niche width of plant communities in different transects of the riparian zones in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River汉江中下游河岸带不同样带植物群落物种组成、重要值和生态位宽度 |
| 编号 | 物种 | 样带1 | 样带2 | 样带3 | 生态位总宽度 | |||||
| 重要值 | 生态位宽度 | 重要值 | 生态位宽度 | 重要值 | 生态位宽度 | |||||
| 注:*表示外来入侵种;①~⑩分别表示重要值或生态位宽度排名前1到10的物种。 | ||||||||||
| 1 | 水烛 Typha angustifolia | 0.27① | 0.76 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.00 | 0.26 | ||
| 2 | 双穗雀稗 Paspalum distichum | 0.25② | 1.20⑧ | 0.15⑧ | 1.08⑤ | 0.21⑦ | 0.57 | 0.95⑥ | ||
| 3 | 虉草 Phalaris arundinacea | 0.17③ | 1.13⑩ | 0.22③ | 1.13④ | 0.14 | 0.95⑨ | 1.07③ | ||
| 4 | 棒头草 Polypogon fugax | 0.16④ | 1.34② | 0.07 | 0.86⑧ | 0.08 | 0.51 | 0.91⑦ | ||
| 5 | 狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon | 0.16⑤ | 1.13 | 0.32② | 1.21② | 0.22⑥ | 1.32① | 1.22② | ||
| 6 | 野草香 Elsholtzia cyprianii | 0.13⑥ | 0.30 | 0.11 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.23 | ||
| 7 | 芦苇 Phragmites australis | 0.11⑦ | 0.83 | 0.34① | 1.13③ | 0.41① | 0.47 | 0.81 | ||
| 8 | 小蓬草* Erigeron canadensis | 0.11⑧ | 1.37① | 0.09 | 1.38① | 0.08 | 1.12③ | 1.29① | ||
| 9 | 喜旱莲子草* Alternanthera philoxeroides | 0.10⑨ | 0.95 | 0.05 | 1.04⑦ | 0.07 | 0.58 | 0.86 | ||
| 10 | 牛鞭草 Hemarthria sibirica | 0.09⑩ | 0.39 | 0.22④ | 0.55 | 0.11 | 0.45 | 0.47 | ||
| 11 | 三棱水葱 Schoenoplectus triqueter | 0.09 | 1.05 | 0.19⑥ | 0.62 | 0.05 | 0.47 | 0.71 | ||
| 12 | 垂穗薹草 Carex brachyathera | 0.09 | 0.47 | 0.08 | 0.78 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.42 | ||
| 13 | 萹蓄 Polygonum aviculare | 0.08 | 0.78 | 0.00 | 0.46 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.41 | ||
| 14 | 雀麦 Bromus japonicus | 0.07 | 0.87 | 0.10 | 0.78 | 0.28③ | 1.07④ | 0.90⑧ | ||
| 15 | 菵草 Beckmannia syzigachne | 0.07 | 1.18⑨ | 0.06 | 0.96⑨ | 0.03 | 0.47 | 0.87 | ||
| 16 | 天胡荽 Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides | 0.06 | 0.35 | 0.09 | 0.77 | 0.17⑨ | 0.39 | 0.50 | ||
| 17 | 问荆 Equisetum arvense | 0.06 | 0.82 | 0.13⑨ | 1.06⑥ | 0.15 | 1.15② | 1.01④ | ||
| 18 | 野豌豆 Vicia sepium | 0.06 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.75 | 0.22⑤ | 0.00 | 0.25 | ||
| 19 | 齿果酸模 Rumex dentatus | 0.06 | 1.34③ | 0.04 | 0.74 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.69 | ||
| 20 | 水苦荬 Veronica undulata | 0.05 | 1.25⑥ | 0.04 | 0.29 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.51 | ||
| 21 | 黑麦草 Lolium perenne | 0.05 | 0.76 | 0.09 | 0.81 | 0.11 | 0.97⑦ | 0.85 | ||
| 22 | 委陵菜 Potentilla chinensis | 0.05 | 1.11 | 0.04 | 0.58 | 0.03 | 0.28 | 0.66 | ||
| 23 | 水芹 Oenanthe javanica | 0.05 | 0.87 | 0.06 | 0.66 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.51 | ||
| 24 | 葎草 Humulus scandens | 0.05 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 0.49 | 0.04 | 0.45 | 0.40 | ||
| 25 | 蛇床 Cnidium monnieri | 0.04 | 1.28④ | 0.05 | 0.91⑩ | 0.04 | 0.80 | 1.00⑤ | ||
| 26 | 白茅 Imperata cylindrica | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.20⑤ | 0.87 | 0.15⑩ | 0.97⑧ | 0.62 | ||
| 27 | 鼠曲草 Pseudognaphalium affine | 0.04 | 1.25⑤ | 0.03 | 0.45 | 0.02 | 0.48 | 0.73 | ||
| 28 | 扬子毛茛 Ranunculus sieboldii | 0.04 | 0.28 | 0.03 | 0.58 | 0.04 | 0.46 | 0.44 | ||
| 29 | 野老鹳草 Geranium carolinianum | 0.03 | 0.75 | 0.04 | 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.86 | 0.87⑩ | ||
| 30 | 水蓼 Persicaria hydropiper | 0.03 | 0.86 | 0.02 | 0.78 | 0.05 | 0.00 | 0.55 | ||
| 31 | 荔枝草 Salvia plebeia | 0.03 | 0.81 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.27 | ||
| 32 | 独行菜 Lepidium apetalum | 0.03 | 0.75 | 0.04 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.40 | ||
| 33 | 黄花蒿 Artemisia annua | 0.03 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.33 | ||
| 34 | 香附子 Cyperus rotundus | 0.03 | 0.68 | 0.00 | 0.56 | 0.10 | 0.89⑩ | 0.71 | ||
| 35 | 南苜蓿 Medicago polymorpha | 0.02 | 0.88 | 0.06 | 0.72 | 0.05 | 1.02⑥ | 0.87⑨ | ||
| 36 | 蚤缀 Arenaria serpyllifolia | 0.02 | 0.67 | 0.02 | 0.47 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.38 | ||
| 37 | 通泉草 Mazus pumilus | 0.02 | 1.24⑦ | 0.02 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.71 | ||
| 38 | 钻叶紫菀* Symphyotrichum subulatum | 0.02 | 0.76 | 0.04 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 0.57 | 0.69 | ||
| 39 | 翼果薹草 Carex neurocarpa | 0.02 | 0.43 | 0.09 | 0.66 | 0.04 | 0.45 | 0.51 | ||
| 40 | 小巢菜 Vicia hirsuta | 0.02 | 0.26 | 0.03 | 0.56 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.27 | ||
| 41 | 斑茅Saccharum arundinaceum | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.36② | 0.80 | 0.27 | ||
| 42 | 艾蒿 Artemisia argyi | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.15⑦ | 0.87 | 0.23④ | 1.05⑤ | 0.64 | ||
| 43 | 节毛飞廉 Carduus acanthoides | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.11⑩ | 0.00 | 0.19⑧ | 0.73 | 0.24 | ||
| 44 | 草木樨 Melilotus suaveolens | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.67 | 0.22 | ||
2 Niche similarity ratio of dominant herbaceous species in transect 1 of the riparian zones in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River汉江中下游河岸带样带1中草本植物优势种生态位相似比 |
| 编号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 注:编号1~15分别为水烛、双穗雀稗、虉草、棒头草、狗牙根、芦苇、小蓬草、喜旱莲子草、牛鞭草、三棱水葱、垂穗薹草、萹蓄、雀麦、菵草、天胡荽;加粗及下划线标注的数据表示相似比大于0.40。 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.62 | 0.00 | 0.48 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 |
| 2 | 1.00 | 0.14 | 0.48 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.25 | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.21 | 0.44 | 0.11 | |
| 3 | 1.00 | 0.17 | 0.32 | 0.09 | 0.43 | 0.19 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.21 | 0.28 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.01 | ||
| 4 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.07 | 0.45 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 0.20 | 0.38 | 0.48 | 0.18 | |||
| 5 | 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.42 | 0.10 | 0.14 | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.07 | ||||
| 6 | 1.00 | 0.14 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.14 | 0.00 | |||||
| 7 | 1.00 | 0.14 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.17 | 0.26 | 0.06 | ||||||
| 8 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.15 | 0.07 | |||||||
| 9 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| 10 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.07 | 0.30 | 0.32 | 0.06 | |||||||||
| 11 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 0.26 | ||||||||||
| 12 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.19 | 0.00 | |||||||||||
| 13 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 0.19 | ||||||||||||
| 14 | 1.00 | 0.01 | |||||||||||||
| 15 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||
3 Niche similarity ratio of dominant herbaceous species in transect 2 of the riparian zones in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River汉江中下游河岸带样带2中草本植物优势种生态位相似比 |
| 编号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 注:编号1~15分别为芦苇、狗牙根、虉草、牛鞭草、白茅、三棱水葱、艾蒿、双穗雀稗、问荆、野草香、雀麦、翼果薹草、天胡荽、黑麦草、小蓬草;加粗及下划线标注的数据表示相似比大于0.40。 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | 0.16 | 0.28 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.18 | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.44 |
| 2 | 1.00 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.16 | 0.23 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.09 | 0.30 | |
| 3 | 1.00 | 0.09 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.03 | 0.35 | ||
| 4 | 1.00 | 0.13 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.07 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.10 | 0.38 | 0.07 | 0.09 | |||
| 5 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 0.21 | 0.00 | 0.66 | 0.37 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.38 | 0.55 | 0.14 | ||||
| 6 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.18 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.26 | 0.04 | 0.09 | |||||
| 7 | 1.00 | 0.04 | 0.30 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.19 | 0.07 | ||||||
| 8 | 1.00 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.05 | 0.28 | |||||||
| 9 | 1.00 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.24 | 0.45 | 0.24 | ||||||||
| 10 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.35 | 0.23 | 0.16 | |||||||||
| 11 | 1.00 | 0.24 | 0.16 | 0.05 | 0.08 | ||||||||||
| 12 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.16 | 0.03 | |||||||||||
| 13 | 1.00 | 0.18 | 0.14 | ||||||||||||
| 14 | 1.00 | 0.06 | |||||||||||||
| 15 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||
4 Niche similarity ratio of dominant herbaceous species in transect 3 of the riparian zones in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River汉江中下游河岸带样带3中草本植物优势种生态位相似比 |
| 编号 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| 注:编号1~15分别为芦苇、斑茅、雀麦、艾蒿、狗牙根、双穗雀稗、节毛飞廉、天胡荽、白茅、问荆、草木樨、虉草、牛鞭草、黑麦草、香附子;加粗及下划线标注的数据表示相似比大于0.40。 | |||||||||||||||
| 1 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.62 |
| 2 | 1.00 | 0.29 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.41 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.01 | |
| 3 | 1.00 | 0.20 | 0.39 | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.02 | 0.12 | 0.01 | ||
| 4 | 1.00 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 0.00 | 0.39 | 0.49 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 0.00 | 0.33 | 0.13 | |||
| 5 | 1.00 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.21 | 0.23 | 0.10 | 0.31 | ||||
| 6 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.40 | 0.17 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.17 | |||||
| 7 | 1.00 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 0.06 | 0.00 | ||||||
| 8 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |||||||
| 9 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.68 | 0.00 | ||||||||
| 10 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 0.23 | 0.00 | 0.49 | 0.19 | |||||||||
| 11 | 1.00 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.21 | ||||||||||
| 12 | 1.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.18 | |||||||||||
| 13 | 1.00 | 0.06 | 0.07 | ||||||||||||
| 14 | 1.00 | 0.00 | |||||||||||||
| 15 | 1.00 | ||||||||||||||
2 Semi-matrix of interspecies connectivity χ2 values of dominant plants in different transects in the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River汉江中下游河岸带不同样带中优势植物种间联结χ2值半矩阵
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5 Pairs of dominant plant species with varying interspecific connectivity in the riparian zones of the middle and lower reaches of the Hanjiang River汉江中下游干流河岸带不同种间联结性的优势植物物种对数 |
| 样带 | 检验方法 | 正关联 | 负关联 | |||||||
| 极显著 | 显著 | 不显著 | 总数 | 极显著 | 显著 | 不显著 | 总数 | |||
| 注:极显著、显著和不显著分别为p≤0.01、p≤0.05和p>0.05。 | ||||||||||
| 样带1 | χ2检验 | 5 | 5 | 43 | 53 | 2 | 5 | 45 | 52 | |
| Pearson相关性 | 1 | 4 | 26 | 31 | 4 | 7 | 63 | 74 | ||
| Spearman秩相关性 | 1 | 3 | 41 | 45 | 1 | 6 | 53 | 60 | ||
| 样带2 | χ2检验 | 4 | 5 | 50 | 59 | 2 | 6 | 38 | 46 | |
| Pearson相关性 | 3 | 9 | 20 | 32 | 3 | 5 | 63 | 73 | ||
| Spearman秩相关性 | 3 | 5 | 39 | 47 | 2 | 7 | 49 | 58 | ||
| 样带3 | χ2检验 | 3 | 4 | 31 | 38 | 3 | 2 | 62 | 67 | |
| Pearson相关性 | 1 | 2 | 25 | 28 | 0 | 4 | 73 | 77 | ||
| Spearman秩相关性 | 2 | 0 | 33 | 35 | 1 | 4 | 65 | 70 | ||
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