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谭海军(1997—),男,广东省湛江人,硕士研究生,从事鸟类生态学研究。E-mail: jack_tan99@sina.com |
收稿日期: 2024-10-18
修回日期: 2025-02-11
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
版权
Composition and diversity of waterbirds’ community in the Dafeng River Estuary, Guangxi
Received date: 2024-10-18
Revised date: 2025-02-11
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
广西大风江河口位于东亚−澳大利西亚候鸟迁飞通道上,是北部湾沿海地区水鸟重要的栖息地,了解该区域水鸟的群落结构和多样性对中国沿海候鸟保护工作具有重要意义。2022年1—12月,采用样点法和直接计数法,对广西大风江河口湿地的6个调查样点和4种类型生境的水鸟群落开展调查。研究结果表明,共记录到水鸟7目12科87种,累计数量74 394只次。其中,国家一级重点保护鸟类有4种,包括勺嘴鹬(Calidris pygmaea)、小青脚鹬(Tringa guttifer)、黑脸琵鹭(Platalea minor)和黑嘴鸥(Saundersilarus saundersi),国家二级重点保护鸟类有8种。列入IUCN红色名录极危物种1种,濒危物种4种,易危物种5种,近危物种8种。大风江河口水鸟群落组成具有明显的季节变化,秋季和冬季水鸟种类和数量较多,其优势物种为红嘴鸥(Chroicocephalus ridibundus)、黑腹滨鹬(Calidris alpina)和蒙古沙鸻(Charadrius mongolus)。在大风江河口湿地,记录到灰鸻(Pluvialis squatarola)、环颈鸻(Charadrius alexandrinus)、蒙古沙鸻和黑腹滨鹬的月最大数量超过东亚−澳大利西亚候鸟迁飞通道种群数量的1%,达到国际重要湿地的标准。不同生境中的水鸟群落组成存在差异,在养殖塘生境记录到水鸟种类最多,为51种,农田则最少,仅有21种。广西大风江河口湿地是东亚−澳大利西亚候鸟迁飞通道重要的中途停歇地和越冬地,亟须加强相应管理与有效保护。
谭海军 , 易春凤 , 刘路明 , 蒋爱伍 . 广西大风江河口湿地水鸟群落组成及多样性[J]. 湿地科学, 2025 , 23(6) : 1236 -1245 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240272
The estuary of the Dafeng River in Guangxi, situated along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, serves as a crucial habitat for a multitude of migratory birds along the coast of the Beibu Gulf. Currently, systematic research on waterbirds at the Dafeng River Estuary remains scarce. Understanding the community structure and diversity of waterbirds in this region is of great significance for the conservation of coastal migratory birds. From January to December 2022, we conducted surveys of waterbird communities in six sampling sites across four habitat types, using the method of sampling sites and direct counting in the Dafeng River Estuary wetlands. The survey recorded a total of 87 waterbird species from 12 families and 7 orders, with a cumulative count of 74 394 individuals. Among these species, four were national first-class protected species, including Spoon-billed Sandpiper(Calidris pygmaea), Spotted Greenshank(Tringa guttifer), Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) and Saunders's Gull (Saundersilarus saundersi). And eight were national second-class protected species. One globally critically endangered (CR) species, four globally endangered (EN) species, five globally vulnerable (VU) species and eight near threatened (NT) species were observed. The waterbird diversity showed significantly seasonal variation, with more species and numbers of waterbirds in autumn and winter. The dominant species were Black-headed Gull (Chromocephalus ridibundus), Dunlin (Calidris alpina) and the Lesser Sand Plover (Charadrius mongolus). In Dafeng River Estuary, the maximum monthly numbers of Grey Plover(Pluvialis squatarola), Kentish Plover(Charadrius alexandrinus), Lesser Sand Plover and Dunlin were recorded to exceed 1% of the population size along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway, meeting the criteria for an internationally important wetland. The composition of waterbird communities varied in different habitats, with the highest number of recorded waterbird species at 51 in aquaculture ponds and fewest at 21 in farmland. In conclusion, coastal mudflat wetlands along the Dafeng River estuary in Guangxi satisfy the international criteria for significant wetlands, and is an important stopover site and wintering area for migrating waterbirds on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. Urgent measures are needed to enhance their management and protection.
1 Waterbird species in numbers that exceed 1% of the estimated the East Asian-Australasian Flyway(EAAF) population in Dafeng River Estuary in 20222022年大风江河口水鸟个体数量超过东亚−澳大利西亚候鸟迁飞通道种群[33]1%的物种 |
| 物种 | 月最大 数量/只 | 最大数量 月份 | EAAF 种群估计 | 1%阈值 | 占EAAF 种群比例/% |
| 灰鸻 | 2 200 | 2022年12月 | 80 000 | 800 | 2.7 |
| 环颈鸻 | 1 205 | 2022年9月 | 70 000 | 700 | 1.7 |
| 蒙古沙鸻 | 4 330 | 2022年9月 | 25 500 | 260 | 16.6 |
| 黑腹滨鹬 | 4 800 | 2022年3月 | 304 000~696 000 | 1.0 |
2 Monthly changes in diversity index of waterbird communities of the Dafeng River Estuary wetland in Guangxi2022年广西大风江河口湿地水鸟群落多样性指数月变化 |
| 季节 | 物种 数/种 | 数量/ 只次 | Shannon-Wiener 多样性 指数 | Simpson 优势度 指数 | Pielou 均匀度 指数 |
| 春季(3月、5月) | 31 | 8 189 | 2.311 | 0.631 | 0.466 |
| 夏季(6—8月) | 47 | 2 316 | 3.863 | 0.867 | 0.696 |
| 秋季(9—10月) | 65 | 17 766 | 3.144 | 0.798 | 0.522 |
| 冬季(1—2月、12月) | 60 | 46 123 | 2.416 | 0.691 | 0.409 |
3 Similarity index of waterbird communities in four types of habitats in Dafeng River Estuary wetland, Guangxi广西大风江河口湿地4种类型生境水鸟群落的相似性指数 |
| 生境 | 农田 | 养殖塘 | 红树林 | 泥滩 |
| 农田 | 1.000 | 0.361 | 0.233 | 0.171 |
| 养殖塘 | 1.000 | 0.438 | 0.460 | |
| 红树林 | 1.000 | 0.535 | ||
| 泥滩 | 1.000 |
4 Comparison of dominant waterbird species among major habitats in coastal Beibu Gulf, Guangxi广西北部湾沿海地区主要水鸟聚集地优势物种比较 |
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