湖南石门仙阳湖国家湿地公园鸟类物种多样性
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康艺馨(1999—),女,湖南省常德人,硕士研究生,从事动物多样性保护研究。E-mail: 15616618326@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-06-28
修回日期: 2024-08-29
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
版权
Avian species diversity in the Xianyang Lake National Wetland Park, Shimen County, Hunan Province
Received date: 2024-06-28
Revised date: 2024-08-29
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
掌握湿地公园鸟类资源本底状况和物种多样性水平,可为湿地鸟类多样性保护与管理工作提供科学依据。2015年1—10月、2020年1月至2021年10月,采用样线法和样点法,在湖南石门仙阳湖国家湿地公园进行鸟类调查。调查期间,共记录到鸟类195种,隶属于16目52科,其中国家一级重点保护野生动物3种,分别为中华秋沙鸭(Mergus squamatus)、金雕(Aquila chrysaetos)和黄胸鹀(Emberiza aureola);国家二级重点保护野生动物26种,如小天鹅(Cygnus columbianus)、鸳鸯(Aix galericulata)、棉凫(Nettapus coromandelianus)等。根据鸟类居留型,有留鸟100种,夏候鸟42种,冬候鸟33种,旅鸟20种;根据鸟类区系分布,在142种繁殖鸟类中,有东洋界物种92种,古北界物种29种,广布种21种。不同季节鸟类物种多样性指数以春季最高(4.113),冬季最低(3.682);均匀度指数以冬季最高(0.843),夏季最低(0.833);优势度指数以冬季最高(0.034),春季最低(0.024)。在不同生境间,草滩湿地鸟类物种多样性指数最高(4.187),库塘湿地最低(3.566);阔叶林均匀度指数最高(0.882),淹没区灌丛最低(0.822);淹没区灌丛优势度指数最高(0.039),河流湿地最低(0.021)。研究结果表明,湖南石门仙阳湖国家湿地公园鸟类物种多样性较高,但水鸟占比较低,与其特殊的水域–森林复合生态系统特点相关。建议未来进一步加大湿地公园鸟类保护与管理力度,降低人为活动干扰。
康艺馨 , 康祖杰 , 贺春容 , 唐耿超 , 向卫东 , 李定坤 , 罗旭 . 湖南石门仙阳湖国家湿地公园鸟类物种多样性[J]. 湿地科学, 2025 , 23(2) : 397 -404 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240178
Understanding the baseline status of bird resources and species diversity in wetland parks is essential for the scientific conservation and management of wetland bird populations. Bird surveys were conducted in the Xianyang Lake National Wetland Park, Shimen, Hunan Province, using line transect and point count methods from January 2015 to October 2015 and from January 2020 to October 2021. During these periods, 195 bird species, belonging to 16 orders and 52 families, were recorded. This included 3 species of national first-class protected wildlife (Mergus squamatus, Aquila chrysaetos, and Emberiza aureola) and 26 species of national second-class protected wildlife (Cygnus columbianus, Aix galericulata, and Nettapus coromandelianus). The bird community comprised 100 resident species, 42 summer migrants, 33 winter migrants, and 20 passage migrants. Fauna analysis of 142 breeding bird species revealed 92 oriental species, 29 palearctic species, and 21 widespread species. The bird species diversity index was highest in spring (4.113) and lowest in winter (3.682). The evenness index was highest in winter (0.843) and lowest in summer (0.833), while the dominance index was highest in winter (0.034) and lowest in spring (0.024). Among different habitats, the bird species diversity index was highest in grassy wetlands (4.187) and lowest in reservoir wetlands (3.566). The evenness index was highest in broadleaf forests (0.882) and lowest in shrub-dominated flooded areas (0.822), and the dominance index was highest in shrub-dominated flooded areas (0.039) and lowest in riverine wetlands (0.021). These results indicate that the Xianyang Lake National Wetland Park in Shimen, Hunan Province, exhibits relatively high bird species diversity. However, the proportion of waterbirds is comparatively low, likely due to the unique characteristics of its water-forest composite ecosystem. It is recommended to further strengthen bird conservation and population management efforts within the wetland park and mitigate the impact of human activities.
1 Distribution of bird survey lines and survey sites in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园鸟类调查样线、样点分布 |
1 Information of bird survey lines in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园鸟类调查样线信息 |
| 调查样线 | 起点坐标 | 终点坐标 | 海拔/m | 长度/km |
| X1 | 111°5′14″E,29°42′05″N | 111°05′35″E,29°42′01″N | 108~118 | 2.8 |
| X2 | 111°06′45″E,29°43′41″N | 111°07′22″E,29°45′50″N | 110~120 | 2.2 |
| X3 | 110°33′13″E,29°27′19″N | 110°33′50″E,29°27′13″N | 111~122 | 1.8 |
2 Information of bird survey sites in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园鸟类调查样点信息 |
| 调查样点 | 地理坐标 | 海拔/m |
| D1 | 110°57′11″E,29°45′31″N | 133 |
| D2 | 111°03′28″E,29°44′25″N | 132 |
| D3 | 111°06′16″E,29°45′09″N | 133 |
| D4 | 111°04′02″E,29°42′31″N | 114 |
| D5 | 111°04′51″E,29°44′52″N | 135 |
| D6 | 111°11′05″E,29°42′21″N | 140 |
| D7 | 111°14′17″E,29°40′09″N | 111 |
3 Number and proportion of birds in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园鸟类数量及比例 |
| 目 | 科 | 种 | 百分比/% |
| 雀形目Passeriformes | 31 | 110 | 56.41 |
| 鸻形目Charadriiformes | 4 | 14 | 7.18 |
| 鹈形目Pelecaniformes | 2 | 11 | 5.64 |
| 雁形目Anseriformes | 1 | 11 | 5.64 |
| 鹃形目Cuculiformes | 1 | 8 | 4.10 |
| 鹰形目Accipitriformes | 1 | 9 | 4.62 |
| 啄木鸟目Piciformes | 2 | 7 | 3.59 |
| 佛法僧目Coraciiformes | 2 | 5 | 2.56 |
| 鹤形目Gruiformes | 1 | 4 | 2.05 |
| 隼形目Falconiformes | 1 | 4 | 2.05 |
| 鸽形目Columbiformes | 1 | 3 | 1.54 |
| 鸡形目Galliformes | 1 | 3 | 1.54 |
| 䴙鹈目Podicipediformes | 1 | 2 | 1.03 |
| 鸮形目Strigiformes | 1 | 2 | 1.03 |
| 鲣鸟目Suliformes | 1 | 1 | 0.51 |
| 犀鸟目Bucerotiformes | 1 | 1 | 0.51 |
4 Diversity of avian communities in different habitats in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园不同类型生境中鸟类群落的多样性 |
| 生境 | 物种数/种 | 个体数/只 | 多样性 指数 | 均匀度 指数 | 优势度 指数 |
| 草滩湿地 | 158 | 5 144 | 4.187 | 0.827 | 0.024 |
| 河流湿地 | 137 | 4 088 | 4.171 | 0.848 | 0.021 |
| 库塘湿地 | 67 | 1 636 | 3.566 | 0.848 | 0.038 |
| 淹没区灌丛 | 93 | 1 595 | 3.727 | 0.822 | 0.039 |
| 阔叶林 | 57 | 742 | 3.567 | 0.882 | 0.037 |
5 Similarity index of avian communities between different habitats in the Xianyang Lake Wetland Park仙阳湖湿地公园不同类型生境之间鸟类群落相似性指数 |
| 生境 | 库塘湿地 | 库岛阔叶林 | 草滩湿地 | 淹没区灌丛 |
| 河流湿地 | 0.627 | 0.526 | 0.841 | 0.696 |
| 库塘湿地 | 0.677 | 0.578 | 0.663 | |
| 阔叶林 | 0.502 | 0.693 | ||
| 草滩湿地 | 0.677 |
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