湿地水质净化功能及其定量评估研究进展
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赵子越(1997—),男,内蒙古呼和浩特人,硕士研究生,从事水文水资源研究。E-mail: zhaoziyue@iga.ac.cn |
收稿日期: 2024-06-05
修回日期: 2024-11-12
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
版权
Research progress on water purification function of wetland and its quantitative evaluation
Received date: 2024-06-05
Revised date: 2024-11-12
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
湿地水质净化功能的定量评估对于湿地生态恢复和区域水环境管理意义重大。通过对已发表的相关中英文文献进行整理分析,总结了湿地对悬浮物、有机质和营养盐的去除机制,系统分析了人工湿地的类型、适用对象、优缺点和限制因素,进一步发现关于人工湿地新污染物去除及减少温室气体排放方面的研究有待进一步加强。此外,梳理了自然湿地水质净化功能定量评估过程与方法,总结了数值模拟过程中水文、水动力和植被吸收模块的驱动要素和限制性因子,阐明了流域“湿地群”水质净化评估在湿地生态恢复、流域水质改善和引调水工程水质控制阈值中的应用。基于湿地水质净化功能研究的热点与不足,提出了未来湿地水质净化评估的研究区域应从单块湿地转向流域“湿地群”的研究。构建大规模流域“湿地群”综合网络与湿地水文–水动力–水质–生态综合模型,将有利于提升中国全流域生态建设水平和湿地水质净化能力。
赵子越 , 刘雪梅 , 章光新 , 吴燕锋 , 戴长雷 , 夏春龙 . 湿地水质净化功能及其定量评估研究进展[J]. 湿地科学, 2025 , 23(3) : 634 -644 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240157
The quantitative assessment of wetland water purification functions is important for wetland restoration and water environment management. Based on the literature review, the purification mechanisms of wetlands for suspended solids, organic matter and nutrients have been summarized. The types, advantages and disadvantages, and limiting factors of constructed wetlands were analyzed. The functions of constructed wetlands in purifying new pollutants and reducing greenhouse gas emissions need to be further enhanced. In addition, the quantitative assessment methods for the water purification function of natural wetlands have been summarized, and the driving factors and limiting factors of the hydrological, hydrodynamic and vegetation modules in the numerical simulation have been sorted out. Additionally, a notable contribution of this review is its focus on the advantages of assessing water purification functions from the perspective of wetland complexes within a watershed. This approach provides valuable insights for establishing appropriate pollutant concentration control thresholds, which are particularly relevant in the context of wetland ecological restoration projects, comprehensive water quality improvement efforts across entire watersheds, and the planning and implementation of water transfer projects for lake wetlands. Finally, the review proposes future research directions based on an analysis of current research trends and identified gaps in the field of wetland water purification studies. It suggests a strategic shift in focus from single wetland research to a broader watershed scale perspective that considers wetland complexes. The review also advocates for increasing the density of data monitoring in key water quality areas, establishing long-term and large-scale ecological databases, and developing integrated models of large-scale wetland complexes. These initiatives are conducive to enhancing the ecological construction level of the entire river watershed in China and the water purification capacity of wetlands.
1 Components of wetlands and their influence mechanisms on water purification processes湿地各组成部分及其对水质净化过程的影响机制 |
2 Types and basic attribute characteristics of artificial wetlands人工湿地类型及基本属性特征 |
3 Commonly used hydrodynamic-water quality purification assessment models常用的水动力-水质净化评估模型 |
| 模型 | 适用空间 | 变量 | 优点 | 不足 |
| WASP | 三维 | 藻类、叶绿素a、溶解氧、营养盐、浮游植物 | 结构灵活、功能强大 | 计算配置要求高、沉积物模块简化 |
| MIKE3 | 三维 | 溶解氧、浮游动物、藻类、营养盐 | 对大型水体的模拟精度高 | 无反硝化过程解析、 不能解释藻类爆发 |
| ERSEM | 三维 | 细菌、藻类、营养盐、浮游动植物、有机物、鱼类 | 可以进行浮游层与地层模拟 | 只用于大型水体与湖泊湿地 |
| EFDC | 三维 | 水位、温度、溶解氧、水生植被、藻类、碳 | 模拟水动力、水质、水生态过程 | 要求基础数据种类多数量大 |
| MOHID | 三维 | 浮游动植物、藻类、营养盐、溶解氧、有机物 | 模拟方式灵活 | 未将营养盐与重金属间的关系联系 |
| CE-QUAL-W2 | 二维 | 藻类、营养盐、溶解氧、有机碳、水生植被、碎屑 | 模拟沉积层与沉积物的交互关系 | 未考虑微生物影响 |
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