大型底栖无脊椎动物群落是红树林生态系统健康状况的关键指示生物类群。为了解广东内伶仃–福田国家级自然保护区大型底栖无脊椎动物群落特征，于2023年9月对福田红树林内的大型底栖无脊椎动物进行调查研究，采集凤塘河口、沙咀码头、观鸟亭、1~10号咸水鱼塘和淡水塘的大型底栖无脊椎动物及水质样品并进行分析。研究结果表明，采样调查共鉴定出6纲42种大型底栖无脊椎动物。在红树林区大型底栖无脊椎动物丰度和生物量分别为111.93~469.04 ind./m²和57.33~1150.05 g/m²，在基围鱼塘分别为37.31~389.09 ind./m²和0.30~605.65 g/m²。红树林区主要优势种包括寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys oligobranchia)、腺带刺沙蚕(Neanthes glandicincta)、光滑篮蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)等；基围鱼塘主要优势种包括斜粒粒蜷(Tarebia granifera)、斜肋齿蜷(Sermyla riqueti)、多棱角螺(Angulyagra polyzonata)等。丰度–生物量比较曲线(ABC)表明，福田红树林保护区大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构稳定，受外界干扰较小。红树林区Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数分别为2.42~4.18、1.36~3.81和0.86~0.95；基围鱼塘分别为1.15~3.32、0.71~2.87和0.72~0.93。福田红树林林区与基围鱼塘大型底栖无脊椎动物群落组成差异显著(p<0.01)，总体上红树林林区大型底栖无脊椎动物物种数、丰度、生物量和多样性均高于基围鱼塘。环境因子对大型底栖无脊椎动物群落存在不同程度的影响，石油类污染物、盐度和电导率为主要影响因子。综合历史数据和前人研究结果，本次福田红树林湿地大型底栖无脊椎动物物种数和密度有所降低，生物量显著提高。

Benthic macroinvertebrate communities are key bioindicator taxa for the health of mangrove ecosystems, as their community structure and function can directly reflect habitat quality and ecological integrity. To understand the characteristics of large benthic invertebrate communities in the Guangdong Neilingding Island-Futian Mangrove Nature Reserve, a survey of benthic macroinvertebrates was conducted in September 2023. Samples of benthic macroinvertebrates and water quality were collected from Fengtang Estuary, Shazui Wharf, Bird Watching Pavilion, No. 1-10 saltwater fish ponds, and freshwater ponds for analysis. The results showed that a total of 42 species belonging to 6 classes were identified, predominantly from the phyla Mollusca and Arthropoda. In the mangrove area, the abundance and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates ranged from 111.93 to 469.04 ind./m² and 57.33 to 1150.05 g/m², respectively, with the highest values recorded at the middle and high tidal zones of the Bird Watching Pavilion. In the gei wai fish ponds, the abundance and biomass varied from 37.31 to 389.09 ind./m² and 0.30 to 605.65 g/m², respectively, with the peak values observed in Pond 9 and Pond 7. The dominant species in the mangrove area included Nephtys oligobranchia, Neanthes glandicincta, and Potamocorbula laevis, while those in the gei wai fish ponds were Tarebia granifera, Sermyla riqueti, and Angulyagra polyzonata. The Abundance-Biomass Comparison (ABC) curve indicated that the benthic macroinvertebrate community in the reserve was structurally stable and less disturbed by external factors. Based on biodiversity indices, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Margalef richness index, and Pielou evenness index in the mangrove forest area were 2.42-4.18, 1.36-3.81, and 0.86-0.95, respectively, whereas those in the gei wai fish ponds were 1.15-3.32, 0.71-2.87, and 0.72-0.93, respectively. Significant differences were detected in community composition between the mangrove forest area and gei wai fish ponds (p<0.01), the mangrove forest area exhibited higher species number, abundance, biomass, and biodiversity. Environmental factors exerted varying degrees of influence on the benthic macroinvertebrate community, with petroleum pollutants, salinity, and electrical conductivity being the main driving factors. Specifically, salinity showed a significant negative correlation with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, richness index, and evenness index (p<0.05). Combined with historical data and previous research findings, this study demonstrated that the biodiversity and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates in Futian Mangrove Wetland have been significantly improved after more than two decades of protection and management.