拟穴青蟹对红树植物枝条固着藤壶的捕食研究
|
童立豪(1992—),男,广西壮族自治区博白人,硕士,助理研究员,从事滨海生态保育与利用研究。E-mail: 1434505076@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2024-06-03
修回日期: 2024-09-02
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
版权
Predation of barnacles attached to mangrove twigs by Scylla paramamosain
Received date: 2024-06-03
Revised date: 2024-09-02
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
藤壶是红树林的敌害生物,严重时会导致新造林的死亡,而拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)是藤壶的重要天敌。为了探究拟穴青蟹捕食藤壶的行为及效率,采用100 g、140 g、180 g和260 g共4个体质量等级的拟穴青蟹,开展了拟穴青蟹对红树植物白骨壤(Avicennia marina)枝条上固着藤壶(白条地藤壶Euraphia withersi和纹藤壶Amphiblalanus amphitrite)的捕食实验。监控视频显示,拟穴青蟹通过螯足剥离枝条上的藤壶并送入口器,碎壳食肉。研究结果表明,拟穴青蟹的体质量和藤壶的大小均会显著影响捕食效率(p<0.01),各体质量等级拟穴青蟹均偏好捕食大规格(平均壳长6.81 mm)的藤壶。以被消费的藤壶数量衡量,实验1 d的捕食效率(y)最大,且与拟穴青蟹体质量(x)的关系为y=−112.790+2.146x−0.006x2(R2=0.868,p<0.01),呈现出先增后减的趋势。实验3 d累计捕食效率最大的为180 g实验组(94.4%),最小的为260 g实验组(35.4%)。野外实验结果同样也表明拟穴青蟹对红树苗木固着藤壶具有较好的防控效果,70%以上的红树苗木上固着藤壶的清除率在50%以上。
童立豪 , 范航清 , 谭凡民 , 苏治南 , 高霆炜 , 廖馨 . 拟穴青蟹对红树植物枝条固着藤壶的捕食研究[J]. 湿地科学, 2025 , 23(4) : 752 -759 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240153
Barnacles, as common fouling organisms in mangrove forests, seriously harm the growth of mangrove plants. The massive attachment of barnacles often leads to the death of mangrove seedlings in newly planted forests. The Scylla paramamosain and barnacles share a predator-prey relationship, with the crab serving as a significant predator of barnacles. We aim to investigate the predatory behavior and predation efficiency of the Scylla paramamosain on barnacles. We employed Scylla paramamosain of four body mass classes (100 g, 140 g, 180 g, and 260 g) in predation experiments where they were exposed to barnacles. We conducted predation experiments using Scylla paramamosain to target barnacles (Euraphia withersi and Amphibalanus amphitrite) attached to twigs of the mangrove plant Avicennia marina. Through video surveillance, we observed that Scylla paramamosain detach barnacles from twigs using their chelae, then transfer them to their mouthparts to crush the shells and consume the soft tissue within. The results indicate that both the body mass of Scylla paramamosain and the size of barnacles exert highly significant influences on the crabs' predation efficiency (p<0.01). All body mass classes of Scylla paramamosain exhibited a predation preference for larger barnacles (mean shell length: 6.81 mm). By measuring prey consumption as an indicator of predation efficiency (y), we observed that Scylla paramamosain reached their maximum predation efficiency on barnacles at Day 1 of the experiment. Moreover, the relationship between predation efficiency (y) and Scylla paramamosain body mass (x) can be modeled by the regression equation: y=-112.790+2.146x-0.006x2 (R2=0.868, p<0.01). The regression equation reveals that the predation efficiency of Scylla paramamosain on barnacles initially increases but subsequently declines as crab body mass rises, exhibiting a distinct unimodal trend. On Day 3 of the experiment, the 180 g body mass class demonstrated the highest cumulative predation efficiency (94.4%), while the 260 g group showed the lowest efficiency (35.4%). Field experiments likewise confirmed the effective biocontrol potential of Scylla paramamosain against barnacle colonization on mangrove seedlings, with over 70% of seedlings achieving barnacle clearance rates exceeding 50%.
1 The mean body mass, carapace width and carapace length of the Scylla paramamosain in the experimental group实验组拟穴青蟹的平均体质量、甲壳宽及甲壳长 |
| 组别 | 体质量/g | 甲壳宽/cm | 甲壳长/cm |
| 注:表中数据为平均值±标准误差。 | |||
| 100 g | 108.95±10.88 | 9.17±0.73 | 6.36±0.50 |
| 140 g | 133.45±10.13 | 9.90±0.29 | 6.82±0.34 |
| 180 g | 182.08±9.64 | 11.42±0.79 | 7.87±0.54 |
| 260 g | 269.83±8.80 | 13.14±0.76 | 9.08±0.75 |
2 The mean body mass, shell length and shell height of the barnacle in the experimental group实验组藤壶的平均体质量、壳长及壳高 |
| 藤壶规格 | 体质量/g | 壳长/mm | 壳高/mm |
| 注:表中数据为平均值±标准误差。 | |||
| 小(<3 mm) | 0.035±0.012 | 2.31±0.31 | 1.10±0.12 |
| 中(3~5 mm) | 0.045±0.012 | 3.90±0.42 | 2.13±0.27 |
| 大(>5 mm) | 0.247±0.041 | 6.81±0.97 | 4.71±0.63 |
2 The behavioral process of Scylla paramamosain preying barnacles on the twig of Avicennia marina拟穴青蟹对白骨壤枝条藤壶的捕食行为过程
|
3 Changes of the number of barnacles remaining on the branches during the predation experiment of Scylla paramamosain拟穴青蟹捕食实验中枝条上藤壶存留个体数的变化 |
| 组别 | 藤壶规格 | 初始藤壶个体数/ind. | 实验1 d后藤壶个体数/ind. | 实验2 d后藤壶个体数/ind. | 实验3 d后藤壶个体数/ind. |
| 注:表中数据为平均值±标准误差。 | |||||
| 100 g | 小 | 758.75±149.87 | 513.50±64.63 | 416.25±89.66 | 244.25±90.98 |
| 中 | 530.50±129.05 | 303.50±38.50 | 182.00±49.20 | 135.50±45.95 | |
| 大 | 335.00±29.71 | 101.25±41.09 | 57.25±27.22 | 34.75±18.65 | |
| 140 g | 小 | 648.00±185.88 | 346.25±149.76 | 168.00±69.90 | 99.00±41.79 |
| 中 | 442.00±51.02 | 157.75±72.73 | 66.75±21.46 | 49.25±14.74 | |
| 大 | 288.25±36.53 | 63.50±27.51 | 24.75±10.85 | 18.75±9.01 | |
| 180 g | 小 | 802.75±102.92 | 225.25±58.37 | 105.25±53.14 | 56.50±34.13 |
| 中 | 523.50±53.52 | 116.75±32.76 | 52.50±34.59 | 26.50±24.39 | |
| 大 | 392.50±36.14 | 56.25±33.62 | 12.25±7.56 | 8.50±5.72 | |
| 260 g | 小 | 772.50±126.32 | 741.25±116.39 | 673.50±93.88 | 484.75±115.76 |
| 中 | 516.75±93.81 | 500.75±92.65 | 442.75±117.48 | 323.25±107.23 | |
| 大 | 342.00±32.30 | 321.00±24.45 | 287.50±23.55 | 212.50±53.64 | |
4 Effects of Scylla paramamosain body mass and barnacle size metrics on the crab's predation efficiency拟穴青蟹体质量和藤壶规格对捕食效率的影响分析 |
| 项目 | df | 均方差 MS | F | p |
| 拟穴青蟹体质量 | 3 | 11 585.615 | 79.595 | 0.000 |
| 藤壶规格 | 2 | 1 589.004 | 10.917 | 0.000 |
| 拟穴青蟹体质量×藤壶规格 | 6 | 193.932 | 1.332 | 0.268 |
| 总计 | 48 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |