安徽升金湖国际重要湿地水生昆虫群落组成及其与水环境因子的关系
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刘腾(1997—),男,安徽省六安人,硕士研究生,从事生态资源保护利用方面的研究。E-mail: 1060495650@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2024-04-03
修回日期: 2024-04-22
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
版权
Community composition of aquatic insects in Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland of International Importance and its relation to water environmental factors
Received date: 2024-04-03
Revised date: 2024-04-22
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
为了研究升金湖国际重要湿地水生昆虫的多样性水平,于2022年9月至2023年8月每月中旬,采用样地调查法,对芦苇(Phragmites australis)沼泽、湿薹草(Carex thunbergii)沼泽、稻田、林地和河漫滩的水生昆虫群落物种组成、种群数量、多样性和相似性开展了调查。研究结果表明,共采集到11 515头水生昆虫,隶属于8目20科59种;其中,蜻蜓目(Odonata)、半翅目(Hemiptera)和双翅目(Diptera)为优势类群;黄蜻(Pantala flavescens)、小划蝽(Micronecta quauriseta)等10种水生昆虫在5种生境中均为优势种。不同生境类型间生物多样性指数存在显著差异,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Magalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均在林地最低。广义混合线性模型结果表明,水体透明度是影响水生昆虫群落多样性指数最重要的水环境因子。非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析结果表明,林地的水生昆虫群落组成与其他4种生境存在显著差异。
刘腾 , 董志超 , 宋昀微 , 徐文彬 , 陈心胜 , 万霞 . 安徽升金湖国际重要湿地水生昆虫群落组成及其与水环境因子的关系[J]. 湿地科学, 2025 , 23(4) : 743 -751 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240096
To investagte the diversity of aquatic insects in Anhui Shengjin Lake Wetland of International Importance, a quatrat survey was conducted in the middle of each month from September 2022 to August 2023 across five habitats: Phragmites australis marsh, Carex humida marsh, rice fields, woodland areas, and floodplains. The study focused on analyzing the species composition, population abundance, diversity, and similarity of aquatic insect community in these distinct ecosystems. The results showed that a total of 11 515 aquatic insect specimens were collected, spanning 8 orders, 20 families, and 59 species. Among them, Odonata, Hemiptera, and Diptera were identified as the dominant group, while Pantala flavescens, Micronecta quauriseta and eight other aquatic insects were dominant species across all five habitat types. Besides, significant differences in biodiversity indices were observed among different habitat types. Specifically, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, Margalef's richness index, and Pielou's evenness index all reached their lowest values in woodland areas. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) analysis revealed that water transparency was the dominant water environmental factor affecting diversity indices. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis further demonstrated distinct differences in aquatic insect community composition between woodland and the other four habitat types.
1 Community composition of aquatic insects in Shengjin Lake Wetland of International Importance升金湖国际重要湿地水生昆虫的群落组成 |
| 目/科 | 种数/种 | 个体数/头 |
| 半翅目 Hemiptera | ||
| 负子蝽科 Belostomatidae | 2 | 557 |
| 划蝽科 Corixidae | 2 | 1 233 |
| 黾蝽科 Gerridae | 1 | 684 |
| 蝎蝽科 Nepidae | 1 | 380 |
| 蚤蝽科 Phoridae | 1 | 682 |
| 仰蝽科 Notonectidae | 2 | 635 |
| 鞘翅目 Coleoptera | ||
| 龙虱科 Dytiscidae | 1 | 48 |
| 双翅目Diptera | ||
| 大蚊科 Tipulidae | 3 | 281 |
| 蚊科 Culcidae | 4 | 738 |
| 水蝇科 Hydrellidae | 1 | 398 |
| 摇蚊科 Chironomidae | 2 | 337 |
| 水虻科 Stratiomyidae | 1 | 48 |
| 蜉蝣目 Ephemeroptera | ||
| 蜉蝣科 Caenidae | 2 | 32 |
| 鳞翅目 Lepidoptera | ||
| 草螟科 Crambidae | 7 | 844 |
| 蜻蜓目 Odonata | ||
| 蜻科 Libellulidae | 10 | 2 927 |
| 蟌科 Coenagrionidae | 9 | 1 194 |
| 扇蟌科Platycnemididae | 7 | 481 |
| 蜓科 Aeshnidae | 1 | 2 |
| 毛翅目Trichoptera | ||
| 纹石蛾科 Hydropsychidae | 1 | 10 |
| 脉翅目Neuropteran | ||
| 溪蛉科 Osmylidae | 1 | 4 |
2 Dominant species and dominance indices of aquatic insects in Shengjin Lake Wetland of International Importance升金湖国际重要湿地水生昆虫优势物种以及优势度指数 |
| 物种名称 | 优势度指数 | ||||
| 芦苇沼泽 | 湿薹草沼泽 | 稻田 | 林地 | 河漫滩 | |
| 稻筒水螟Parapoynx fluctuosalis | 0.23 | 0.05 | |||
| 银唇短脉水蝇 Brachydetera ibari | 0.18 | 0.15 | 0.12 | 0.03 | 0.11 |
| 羽摇蚊Chironomus plumosus | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.06 |
| 长尾黄蟌Ceriagrion fallax | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.04 | ||
| 蓝额疏脉蜻Brachydiplax chalybea flavovittata | 0.04 | ||||
| 短尾黄蟌Ceriagrion melanurum | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.10 | ||
| 褐斑异痣蟌Ischnura senegalensis | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.03 | |
| 锥腹蜻Acisoma panorpoides | 0.11 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.13 |
| 红蜻Crocothemis servilia | 0.10 | 0.13 | 0.14 | 0.24 | 0.13 |
| 黄蜻Pantala flavescens | 0.29 | 0.34 | 0.33 | 0.53 | 0.32 |
| 长叶异痣蟌Ischnura elegans | 0.17 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.14 | |
| 日本拟负蝽Appasus japonicus | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
| 水黾Aquarlus elongatus | 0.24 | 0.38 | 0.22 | 0.00 | 0.25 |
| 小划蝽Micronecta grisea | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.23 | 0.34 | 0.28 |
| 普小仰蝽Anisops ogasawarensis | 0.24 | 0.35 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.26 |
| 横纹划蝽Sigara substriata | 0.17 | 0.24 | 0.24 | ||
| 黑纹仰蝽Notonecta chinensis | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.12 | |
| 锈色负子蝽Diplonychus rusticus | 0.08 | 0.18 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.22 |
3 Physical and chemical indicators of water in Shengjin Lake Wetland of International Importance升金湖国际重要湿地水体理化指标 |
| pH | 水温/℃ | 电导率/(μS/cm) | 浊度/NTU | 溶解氧/(mg/L) | 透明度/ |
| 7.5 | 22 | 120 | 27 | 7.7 | 34 |
| 水深/m | 总氮/(mg/L) | 总磷/(mg/L) | 氨氮/(mg/L) | 化学需氧量/(mg/L) | |
| 1.2 | 1.02 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 3.04 | |
4 Correlation analysis between aquatic insect communities and water environmental factors in Shengjin Lake Wetland of International Importance升金湖国际重要湿地水生昆虫群落与水环境因子之间的相关性分析结果 |
| 多样性指数 | 环境因子 | 相关系数(V) | 相关性(p) |
| 注:n=300。 | |||
| Margalef丰富度指数 | 透明度 | 1.162 6 | 0.024 4 |
| 总氮 | −180.048 7 | 0.003 6 | |
| Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 | 透明度 | 0.080 9 | 0.046 7 |
| Simpson多样性指数 | 透明度 | 0.006 3 | 0.048 7 |
| Pielou均匀度指数 | pH | −2.868 1 | 0.027 9 |
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