松花湖浮游植物功能群演替特征及其与环境因子的关系
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丁隆强(1995—),男,安徽省芜湖人,农艺师,从事渔业资源学研究。E-mail: 1062203972@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2024-03-27
修回日期: 2024-09-10
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
版权
Succession characteristics of phytoplankton functional groups in the Songhua Lake and their influencing environmental factors
Received date: 2024-03-27
Revised date: 2024-09-10
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
为探究松花湖浮游植物群落结构和功能群的季节变化及其影响因子,于2020年夏季、秋季和2021年春季、夏季对松花湖12个采样点的浮游植物和水环境因子进行调查,运用功能群分类法和冗余分析法探究浮游植物群落结构的时空特征及其影响因子。研究结果表明,2020—2021年松花湖水质整体处于中营养−轻度富营养化状态;4次调查共鉴定出浮游植物108种,隶属于8门37科65属,其中绿藻门种类数最多,但全湖的优势种为蓝藻门的束丝藻(Aphanizomenon sp.);松花湖浮游植物共划分为23个功能群,其中优势功能群5类,包括P、Lo、Y、MP和D,共同特征为适应中到高富营养水体,整体演替趋势为P/M/Y/D/B/H1(2020年夏季)—Y/B/D/X2/P(2020年秋季)—MP/Y/Lo/P/D(2021年春季)—Lo/P/H1/Y/MP(2021年夏季),其中P和Y在4次调查中均为优势功能群;冗余分析结果表明,水温、总氮和pH是影响松花湖浮游植物功能群演替的主要环境因子。研究结果揭示了松花湖浮游植物功能群的演替规律及其影响因子,可为水域生态管理与保护提供基础资料和科学依据。
丁隆强 , 周彦锋 , 陈永进 . 松花湖浮游植物功能群演替特征及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 湿地科学, 2025 , 23(4) : 774 -782 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240090
In order to investigate the seasonal changes and key driving factors of phytoplankton community structure and functional groups in the Songhua Lake, the phytoplankton and water environmental factors at 12 sampling points were investigated in summer and autumn of 2020, and spring and summer of 2021. Functional group classification, comprehensive nutrition state index, cluster analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis (NMDS) and redundancy analysis (RDA) were employed to analyze the succession characteristics of phytoplankton community structure. The results showed that species of phytoplankton were identified in the Songhua Lake from 2020 to 2021, 108 species of phytoplankton belonging to 8 phyla were detected, among which Chlorophyta accounted for the highest proportion (41.67%), followed by Bacillariophyta (26.85%). Thirteen dominant species were found during the investigation, and Aphanizomenon sp. was the only common dominant species in the four investigations. Phytoplankton in the Songhua Lake were classified into 23 functional groups, with 5 dominant functional groups including P, Lo, Y, MP and D, which shared the common feature of adaptation to medium to high eutrophic water. In terms of time series, changes of dominant functional groups from 2020 to 2021 were P/M/Y/D/B/H1-Y/B/D/X2/P-MP/Y/Lo/P/D-Lo/P/H1/Y/MP, P and Y were the common dominant functional groups in each region of reserve. The results of RDA analysis showed that the eigenvalues of the first and second ordination axes were 17.34% and 11.90%, respectively. Water temperature, pH and total nitrogen were the main factors driving the distribution pattern of phytoplankton functional groups. The results of this study provided data for the management of aquatic ecology in the Songhua Lake.
1 Dominant species and dominance index of phytoplankton in the Songhua Lake松花湖浮游植物优势种及优势度 |
| 门 | 优势种 | 总体 | 2020年夏季 | 2020年秋季 | 2021年春季 | 2021年夏季 |
| 注:−表示未鉴定到该物种。 | ||||||
| 蓝藻门 Cyanophyta | 束丝藻 Aphanizomenon sp. | 0.75 | 0.08 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.58 |
| 微囊藻 Microcystis sp. | 0.70 | 0.38 | − | − | 0.11 | |
| 鱼腥藻 Anabaena sp. | 0.14 | 0.03 | − | − | 0.13 | |
| 假鱼腥藻 Pseudanabaena sp. | 0.06 | 0.03 | − | − | − | |
| 微小平裂藻 Merismopedia tenuissima | 0.02 | − | − | − | 0.03 | |
| 针晶蓝纤维藻 Dactylococcopsis rhaphidioides | − | − | − | 0.04 | − | |
| 旋折平裂藻 Merismopedia convoluta | − | − | − | − | 0.04 | |
| 硅藻门 Bacillariophyta | 窄异极藻 Gomphonema angustatum | 0.09 | − | − | 0.17 | − |
| 尖针杆藻 Synedra acusvar | 0.04 | − | − | 0.05 | − | |
| 脆杆藻 Fragilaria sp. | 0.03 | 0.03 | − | − | − | |
| 颗粒直链藻极狭变种螺旋变型 Melosira granulata var. angutissima f. spiralis | 0.02 | 0.02 | − | − | − | |
| 梅尼小环藻 Cyclotella meneghiniana | − | − | 0.11 | − | − | |
| 线性菱形藻 Nitzschia linearis | − | − | − | 0.05 | − | |
| 隐藻门 Cryptophyta | 啮蚀隐藻 Cryptomonas erosa | 0.10 | − | 0.03 | 0.12 | − |
| 尖尾蓝隐藻 Chroomonas acuta | 0.03 | − | 0.27 | − | − | |
| 卵形隐藻 Cryptomonas ovata | 0.03 | − | − | 0.04 | − | |
| 绿藻门 Chlorophyta | 丝藻 Ulothrix sp. | − | − | 0.06 | − | − |
| 四胞藻 Tetraspora sp. | 0.04 | − | − | 0.13 | − | |
2 Classification of phytoplankton functional groups in the Songhua Lake松花湖浮游植物功能群划分 |
| 功能群 | 代表种 | 功能群生境特征 | 出现频率/% |
| A | 刺根管藻 Rhizosolenia longiseta | 贫营养、水质好 | 10.42 |
| B | 梅尼小环藻 Cyclotella meneghiniana | 中富营养、大型浅水或深水水体 | 43.75 |
| D | 谷皮菱形藻 Nitzschia palea | 富营养的浑浊、浅水水体 | 68.75 |
| E | 锥囊藻Dinobryon sp. | 贫营养、混合小型浅水水体 | 4.17 |
| F | 波吉卵囊藻Oocystis borgei | 中富营养、水质好的湖泊 | 18.75 |
| G | 空球藻Eudorina sp. | 富营养性小型湖泊 | 4.17 |
| H1 | 水华束丝藻 Aphanizomenon flosaquae | 富营养分层水体、浅水湖泊 | 29.17 |
| J | 齿牙栅藻 Scenedesmus denticulatus | 混合的高富营养浅水水体 | 56.25 |
| Lo | 膨胀色球藻 Chroococcus turgidus | 贫到富营养,中大型深水或浅水水体 | 33.33 |
| M | 微囊藻 Microcystis sp. | 较稳定的中富营养水体、透明度较高 | 31.25 |
| MP | 尖头舟形藻 Naviculaceae cuspidate | 频繁扰动的浑浊型浅水湖泊 | 54.17 |
| P | 钝脆杆藻 Fragilaria capucina | 混合程度较高的中富营养浅水水体 | 54.17 |
| S1 | 针状蓝纤维藻Dactylococcopsis acicularis | 透明度较低的混合水体、对冲刷敏感 | 43.75 |
| SN | 拟柱胞藻Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii | 水温高、混合水体 | 2.08 |
| T | 近缘黄丝藻 Tribonema affine | 混合均匀的深水水体变温层 | 29.17 |
| TB | 膨大桥弯藻Cymbella turgida | 流速高的水体 | 8.33 |
| W1 | 短尾裸藻Euglena brevicaudata | 有机污染、浅水水体 | 6.25 |
| W2 | 糙纹囊裸藻Trachelomonas scabra | 中营养、浅水水体 | 20.83 |
| WS | 黄群藻 Synura sp. | 富含植物分解产生的有机质 | 4.17 |
| X1 | 十字顶棘藻Chodatella wratislaviensis | 富营养化、浅水水体 | 37.50 |
| X2 | 尖尾蓝隐藻Chroomonas acuta | 中到富营养、浅水水体 | 54.17 |
| X3 | 拟菱形弓形藻 Schroederia nitzschioides | 浅水、洁净混合水体 | 18.75 |
| Y | 卵形隐藻Cryptomonas ovata | 中到富营养、牧食强度低的静水水体 | 66.67 |
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