京杭大运河天津段着生藻类群落结构与水环境的关系
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卞少伟(1986—),男,黑龙江省依兰人,高级工程师,从事水生态调查、水生生物鉴定及分类、水环境监测研究。E-mail: bianshaowei47@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-02-20
修回日期: 2024-02-29
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
版权
Multivariate analysis of the relationship between periphyton community structure and water environment factors in Tianjin section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal
Received date: 2024-02-20
Revised date: 2024-02-29
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
着生藻类是重要的水生生物类群,其种类组成、优势种、密度数量以及生物多样性指数等群落特征被广泛用于监测和评价水生生态系统稳定和健康状况。根据2023年春季(5月)、夏季(7月)、秋季(9月)京杭大运河天津段16个采样点的着生藻类调查数据以及水环境指标监测数据,运用典型对应分析(CCA),探讨京杭大运河天津段着生藻类群落特征与水环境因子的关系。研究结果表明,共鉴定出着生藻类7门70种属,其中以绿藻门和蓝藻门种类为主(50种属),硅藻门种类次之(15种属);硅藻门的梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)和钝脆杆藻(Fragilaria capucina)为3个季节的优势种;着生藻类密度以春季(5月)最高,为2.87×104 cells/cm2,秋季(9月)最低,为1.41×104 cells/cm2;京杭大运河天津段水质状况评价结果,春季、夏季、秋季和平均值都为轻度污染,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的评价结果显示,春季、夏季、秋季和平均值都为良好;CCA分析结果显示,影响京杭大运河天津段着生藻类优势种密度变化的主要水环境因子为水温、总氮含量、电导率和溶解氧含量。
卞少伟 , 王雪莹 , 李泽利 , 古小超 , 李曌 , 曹宏梅 . 京杭大运河天津段着生藻类群落结构与水环境的关系[J]. 湿地科学, 2025 , 23(2) : 352 -363 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240047
Periphytic algae, as crucial aquatic organisms, have their community characteristics such as species composition, dominant species, density, and biodiversity indices widely utilized for monitoring and assessing the stability and health of aquatic ecosystems. Based on investigation data of periphytic algae and water environmental parameters from 16 sampling sites along the Tianjin section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal during spring (May), summer (July), and autumn (September) 2023, this study employed Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) to explore the relationships between periphytic algal community characteristics and environmental factors, as well as their spatial distribution patterns. The results revealed that 70 species belonging to 7 phyla were identified, with Chlorophyta and Cyanophyta predominating (50 species), followed by Bacillariophyta (15 species). Cyclotella meneghiniana and Fragilaria capucina from Bacillariophyta were identified as dominant species across all three seasons. The algal density peaked in spring (2.87×104 cells/cm2) and reached its lowest value in autumn (1.41×104 cells/cm2). Water quality assessments indicated light pollution levels during all seasons and on average, while the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index suggested good ecological conditions throughout the study period. CCA analysis demonstrated that water temperature, total nitrogen (TN), electrical conductivity (COND), and dissolved oxygen (DO) were the primary environmental factors influencing spatial-temporal variations of dominant periphytic algal species.
1 Water quality indicators and determination methods主要水质指标及其分析方法 |
| 水质指标 | 分析方法 |
| 高锰酸盐指数 | 水质 高锰酸盐指数的测定(GB/ T 11892-1989)[17] |
| 化学需氧量 | 水质 化学需氧量的测定 重铬酸盐法(HJ 828-2017)[18] |
| 氨氮 | 水质 氨氮的测定 纳氏试剂分光光度法(HJ 535-2009)[19] |
| 亚硝态氮 | 水质 亚硝酸盐氮的测定 分光光度法(GB/ T 7493-1987)[20] |
| 硝态氮 | 水质 硝酸盐氮的测定 紫外分光光度法(试行)(HJ/ T 346-2007)[21] |
| 总氮 | 水质 总氮的测定 碱性过硫酸钾消解紫外分光光度法(HJ 636-2012)[22] |
| 总磷 | 水质 总磷的测定 钼酸铵分光光度法(GB/ T 11893-1989)[23] |
| 叶绿素a | 水质 叶绿素 a 的测定 分光光度法(HJ 897-2017)[24] |
2 The annual average values of physicochemical indicators of water in the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal京杭大运河水体理化指标年平均值 |
| 采样点 序号 | 水温/℃ | pH | 溶解氧 质量浓度/(mg/L) | 电导率/(μS/cm) | 水深/m | 透明度/cm | 总磷 质量浓度/(mg/L) |
| 1 | 24.5±6.6 | 7.5±0.3 | 5.90±0.36 | 273±2 | 0.6±0.1 | 51±1 | 0.13±0.06 |
| 2 | 24.5±6.5 | 7.5±0.4 | 6.53±0.31 | 274±2 | 2.3±0.1 | 61±6 | 0.10±0.04 |
| 3 | 23.6±7.1 | 7.4±0.3 | 5.23±0.40 | 269±2 | 1.1±0.3 | 60±6 | 0.35±0.03 |
| 4 | 23.2±7.2 | 7.4±0.2 | 6.53±1.00 | 270±0 | 1.5±0.3 | 65±10 | 0.15±0.12 |
| 5 | 27.4±3.4 | 8.2±0.4 | 8.83±5.08 | 409±132 | 1.3±0.1 | 65±24 | 0.07±0.04 |
| 6 | 28.3±4.2 | 8.4±0.3 | 6.90±1.70 | 698±69 | 1.0±0.2 | 67±10 | 0.18±0.05 |
| 7 | 25.7±6.0 | 8.6±0.2 | 8.83±0.55 | 576±47 | 2.3±0.1 | 49±3 | 0.12±0.04 |
| 8 | 25.9±4.0 | 8.0±0.0 | 4.07±2.21 | 790±108 | 4.8±0.3 | 55±1 | 0.09±0.02 |
| 9 | 26.1±5.5 | 8.1±0.1 | 7.47±0.58 | 975±325 | 2.2±0.3 | 54±2 | 0.10±0.04 |
| 10 | 26.2±5.8 | 8.4±0.3 | 8.47±1.33 | 610±75 | 1.6±0.2 | 52±2 | 0.20±0.06 |
| 11 | 25.7±6.5 | 8.6±0.5 | 8.43±1.86 | 910±104 | 2.2±0.1 | 48±6 | 0.08±0.01 |
| 12 | 25.9±5.3 | 8.8±0.2 | 10.1±1.97 | 1 297±133 | 2.4±0.1 | 47±4 | 0.22±0.14 |
| 13 | 26.7±4.6 | 7.9±0.3 | 7.87±0.15 | 1 630±251 | 3.0±1.5 | 50±10 | 0.11±0.05 |
| 14 | 26.3±4.7 | 8.0±0.2 | 7.53±0.15 | 1 673±180 | 2.3±0.2 | 48±10 | 0.11±0.03 |
| 15 | 26.9±4.6 | 8.2±0.2 | 7.43±0.35 | 1 603±156 | 3.5±0.2 | 45±6 | 0.16±0.05 |
| 16 | 26.9±5.3 | 8.1±0.1 | 7.27±0.06 | 1 663±241 | 2.6±1.1 | 50±8 | 0.13±0.03 |
| 平均值 | 25.9 | 8.1 | 7.34 | 870 | 2.2 | 54 | 0.14 |
| 采样点 序号 | 氨氮 质量浓度/(mg/L) | 硝态氮 质量浓度/ (mg/L) | 亚硝态氮 质量浓度/(mg/L) | 高锰酸盐指数 质量浓度/(mg/L) | 化学需氧量 质量浓度/(mg/L) | 叶绿素a 质量浓度/(μg/L) | 总氮 质量浓度/(mg/L) |
| 1 | 0.44±0.08 | 0.15±0.02 | 0.01±0.00 | 6.6±1.0 | 27±4 | 165±14 | 1.5±0.1 |
| 2 | 0.40±0.11 | 0.14±0.02 | 0.01±0.00 | 6.8±1.0 | 28±5 | 148±20 | 1.4±0.2 |
| 3 | 1.41±0.10 | 0.14±0.02 | 0.01±0.00 | 7.5±2.3 | 29±8 | 98±7 | 1.9±0.1 |
| 4 | 0.61±0.13 | 0.14±0.02 | 0.01±0.00 | 6.9±1.8 | 28±9 | 115±7 | 1.6±0.2 |
| 5 | 0.24±0.18 | 0.27±0.14 | 0.01±0.00 | 4.8±2.1 | 15±4 | 9±1 | 1.4±0.3 |
| 6 | 0.36±0.13 | 0.18±0.06 | 0.01±0.01 | 6.5±1.2 | 23±6 | 13±1 | 1.4±0.0 |
| 7 | 0.33±0.20 | 0.28±0.16 | 0.04±0.03 | 6.2±1.3 | 20±5 | 35±21 | 1.4±0.2 |
| 8 | 0.36±0.21 | 0.93±0.26 | 0.06±0.02 | 4.0±0.7 | 15±1 | 14±12 | 1.7±0.0 |
| 9 | 0.84±0.45 | 0.71±0.47 | 0.05±0.02 | 5.2±1.2 | 17±5 | 15±18 | 1.9±0.3 |
| 10 | 0.87±0.64 | 0.18±0.07 | 0.04±0.02 | 7.5±1.9 | 26±5 | 48±28 | 1.9±1.2 |
| 11 | 0.68±0.95 | 0.21±0.19 | 0.01±0.00 | 8.3±3.3 | 28±14 | 40±11 | 1.7±1.4 |
| 12 | 0.45±0.43 | 0.24±0.22 | 0.02±0.03 | 11.3±3.3 | 39±15 | 76±52 | 2.3±1.8 |
| 13 | 0.33±0.06 | 0.07±0.01 | 0.01±0.00 | 6.6±0.5 | 27±3 | 26±4 | 1.5±0.4 |
| 14 | 0.29±0.01 | 0.06±0.01 | 0.01±0.00 | 6.5±0.4 | 26±3 | 22±8 | 1.5±0.1 |
| 15 | 0.31±0.04 | 0.07±0.01 | 0.01±0.00 | 7.0±0.5 | 28±3 | 24±6 | 1.9±0.3 |
| 16 | 0.33±0.08 | 0.07±0.01 | 0.01±0.00 | 7.4±0.4 | 28±3 | 25±5 | 1.6±0.1 |
| 平均值 | 0.52 | 0.24 | 0.02 | 6.8 | 25 | 55 | 1.7 |
3 Dominant species and dominance of periphyton in Tianjin section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal京杭大运河天津段着生藻类优势种类及优势度 |
| 时间 | 优势物种名称 | 优势度 |
| 春季(5月) | 梅尼小环藻Cyclotella meneghiniana | 0.274 |
| 短小舟形藻Navicula exigua | 0.022 | |
| 钝脆杆藻Fragilaria capucina | 0.101 | |
| 尖针杆藻Synedra acus | 0.055 | |
| 阿氏席藻Phormidium allorgei | 0.027 | |
| 四尾栅藻Scenedesmus quadricauda | 0.052 | |
| 扁平斯氏藻Scourfieldia complanata | 0.044 | |
| 夏季(7月) | 钝脆杆藻 | 0.096 |
| 梅尼小环藻 | 0.076 | |
| 尖针杆藻 | 0.025 | |
| 阿氏席藻 | 0.049 | |
| 水华微囊藻Microcystis flos-aquae | 0.025 | |
| 秋季(9月) | 梅尼小环藻 | 0.297 |
| 钝脆杆藻 | 0.024 | |
| 尖细颤藻Oscillatoria acuminata | 0.067 | |
| 肾形衣藻Chlamydomonas nephriodea | 0.027 | |
| 扁平斯氏藻 | 0.041 | |
| 尖尾蓝隐藻Chroomonas acuta | 0.025 |
4 Water quality assessment results of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal京杭大运河天津段水质评价结果 |
| 采样点序号 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | ||||||||
| 水质 | H' | J | 水质 | H' | J | 水质 | H' | J | |||
| 1 | Ⅳ | 中等 | 中等 | Ⅳ | 优秀 | 优秀 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 优秀 | ||
| 2 | Ⅴ | 良好 | 良好 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 优秀 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 优秀 | ||
| 3 | Ⅴ | 良好 | 良好 | Ⅴ | 良好 | 优秀 | Ⅴ | 优秀 | 优秀 | ||
| 4 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 良好 | Ⅴ | 中等 | 中等 | Ⅲ | 良好 | 良好 | ||
| 5 | Ⅱ | 良好 | 良好 | Ⅳ | 优秀 | 优秀 | Ⅳ | 优秀 | 优秀 | ||
| 6 | Ⅳ | 优秀 | 优秀 | Ⅴ | 良好 | 优秀 | Ⅳ | 中等 | 良好 | ||
| 7 | Ⅲ | 中等 | 良好 | Ⅴ | 良好 | 良好 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 良好 | ||
| 8 | Ⅱ | 良好 | 良好 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 良好 | Ⅴ | 中等 | 良好 | ||
| 9 | Ⅳ | 中等 | 良好 | Ⅴ | 良好 | 良好 | Ⅳ | 中等 | 中等 | ||
| 10 | Ⅲ | 良好 | 优秀 | 劣Ⅴ | 良好 | 优秀 | Ⅴ | 中等 | 良好 | ||
| 11 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 优秀 | 劣Ⅴ | 良好 | 良好 | Ⅴ | 良好 | 良好 | ||
| 12 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 优秀 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 优秀 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 优秀 | ||
| 13 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 优秀 | Ⅳ | 中等 | 良好 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 优秀 | ||
| 14 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 良好 | Ⅳ | 中等 | 良好 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 优秀 | ||
| 15 | Ⅳ | 中等 | 优秀 | Ⅴ | 良好 | 良好 | Ⅳ | 中等 | 良好 | ||
| 16 | Ⅱ | 中等 | 良好 | Ⅳ | 中等 | 良好 | Ⅳ | 良好 | 良好 | ||
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