广东省红树林有害生物调查与防治建议
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杨华(1980—),女,吉林省吉林市人,博士,高级工程师,从事林业有害生物绿色防控研究。E-mail: yanghua@sinogaf.cn |
收稿日期: 2024-01-31
修回日期: 2024-05-10
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
版权
Current status of mangrove pests in Guangdong Province and suggestions for their control management
Received date: 2024-01-31
Revised date: 2024-05-10
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
为了解和掌握广东省红树林有害生物的种类、分布及发生情况。2021—2023年,采用踏查、标准地调查和专题调查相结合的方法,对广东省有红树林分布的自然保护地和湿地公园中的病、虫、植物及其他有害生物种类与分布开展系统调查。共调查到昆虫244种,植物病害34种,有害植物15种以及其他类型有害生物3种。为害程度为轻度以上的有害生物有34种,其中植物病害5种,有害昆虫21种,有害植物5种,其他类型有害生物3种,重度为害的有害生物占29.41%。煤污病、斑点广翅蜡蝉(Ricania guttata)、海榄雌瘤斑螟(Ptyomaxia syntaractis)、柚木驼蛾(Hyblaea puera)、星天牛(Anoplophora chinensis)、互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)及浒苔(Enteromorpha sp.)为害最为严重。广东省红树林资源种类丰富,系统稳定但分布不均,要坚持“预防为主,防治结合,群防群治”的工作原则,加强检疫,长期监测,建立以绿色防控为主的综合防控体系。
杨华 , 凌斯全 , 田龙艳 , 邱华龙 , 秦长生 , 徐金柱 . 广东省红树林有害生物调查与防治建议[J]. 湿地科学, 2025 , 23(2) : 262 -273 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240038
To comprehensively investigate and analyze the taxonomy, distribution, and prevalence of mangrove pests in Guangdong Province, a three-year survey was conducted from 2021 to 2023. This study employed multiple methodologies, including transect surveys, standardized plot assessments, and thematic sampling, to examine the species composition and spatial distribution of diseases, insects, invasive plants, and other pest types within nature reserves and wetland parks encompassed by mangrove ecosystems in Guangdong Province. The survey identified a total of 244 insect species, 34 disease species, 15 harmful plant species, and 3 additional pest categories. Among these, 34 pest species were classified as causing mild or greater harm, comprising 5 plant diseases, 21 harmful insects, 5 invasive plants, and 3 other harmful organisms, with 29.41% categorized as severely damaging. The most severe infestations were observed in sooty blotch, Ricania guttata, Ptyomaxia syntaractis, Hyblaea puera, Anoplophora chinensis, Spartina alterniflora, and Enteromorpha sp. Mangrove resources in Guangdong Province exhibited high species diversity and system stability, but displayed uneven spatial distribution patterns. To effectively manage pest populations, it is imperative to adhere to the working principle of "prevention-oriented, combining prevention and control, and promoting community-based prevention". Strengthening quarantine measures, implementing long-term monitoring programs, and establishing an integrated green management strategy for pest control are critical steps toward ensuring the sustainability of mangrove ecosystems in Guangdong Province.
1 Standard for classification of pest damage degree害虫为害程度分级标准 |
| 害虫种类 | 指标 | 轻度(+)/% | 中度(++)/% | 重度(+++)/% |
| 叶部害虫 | 叶片受害率 | 0~20 | >20~50 | >50 |
| 受害株率 | 0~30 | >30~50 | >50 | |
| 枝梢害虫 | 枝梢受害率 | 0~20 | >20~50 | >50 |
| 受害株率 | 0~20 | >20~50 | >50 | |
| 蛀干害虫 | 树干受害率 | 0~10 | >10~20 | >20 |
| 种实害虫 | 果实、种子被害率 | 0~10 | >10~20 | >20 |
| 地下害虫 | 受害株率 | 0~1 | >1~10 | >10 |
2 Classification standard of disease damage degree病害为害程度分级标准 |
| 指标 | 轻度(+)/% | 中度(++)/% | 重度(+++)/% |
| 叶片受害率 | 0~30 | >30~60 | >60 |
| 枝梢受害率 | 0~20 | >20~50 | >50 |
| 树干、根部受害率 | 0~10 | >10~20 | >20 |
3 Classification standard of harm degree of harmful plants有害植物为害程度分级标准 |
| 有害生物类型 | 轻度(+)/% | 中度(++)/% | 重度(+++)/% |
| 侵害林地型 | 侵害林业 用地0~5 | 侵害林业 用地>5~20 | 侵害林业 用地>20 |
| 攀援林木型 | 攀援率0~20 盖度0~20 | 攀援率>20~30 盖度>20~60 | 攀援率>30 盖度>60 |
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