不同恢复年限下洪泽湖湿地植物群落物种多样性
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陈龙(2000—),男,福建省永安人,硕士研究生,从事湿地植物恢复研究。E-mail: chenlong20230914@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-01-10
修回日期: 2024-04-21
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
版权
Species diversity of plant communities in wetlands of the Hung-tse Lake under various restoration periods
Received date: 2024-01-10
Revised date: 2024-04-21
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
植物群落是湿地生态系统净初级生产力与物质能量流通的贡献主体,研究退渔还湿背景下植物群落的生态特征及其与土壤环境因子之间的关系,对于评估退化湿地恢复效果、指导受损湿地恢复实践具有重要意义。以洪泽湖地区不同恢复年限退渔还湿地为研究对象,基于野外调查方法,研究不同恢复年限(0 a、1 a、10 a和20 a)湿地植物群落生态特征及其与土壤环境因子的关系。结果表明,洪泽湖地区不同恢复年限退渔还湿地内共分布湿地植物9科18属18种;各样地内植物物种数量随恢复年限增加呈现波动变化特征,且不同恢复年限湿地植物物种组成结构差异明显;退渔还湿10 a和20 a样地内植物物种多样性显著高于其他样地;土壤有机质和总氮含量是驱动退渔还湿地植物群落物种组成变化的关键因素,且其与植物群落物种多样性之间存在显著协同关系。
陈龙 , 李成之 , 许志敏 , 张洺也 , 佟守正 , 安雨 , 崔庚 , 吕宪国 , 姜明 . 不同恢复年限下洪泽湖湿地植物群落物种多样性[J]. 湿地科学, 2025 , 23(1) : 181 -189 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.20240012
Plant communities exert a pivotal influence on wetland ecosystems, directly impacting net primary productivity and material-energy cycling. The study of plant communities and their relationship with soil environmental factors, particularly in the context of fishery withdrawal for wetland restoration, is of great importance for the assessment of restoration effects of degraded wetlands and the guidance of wetland restoration practices. This study aimed to investigate the ecological characteristics of plant communities and their relationships with soil environmental factors in restored wetlands after different fishery withdrawal time (0 year, 1 year, 10 years, and 20 years). To achieve this, a field survey was conducted in the Hongze Lake area. The findings revealed that a total of 18 species of wetland plants, encompassing 9 families and 18 genera, were observed across wetlands with varying restoration durations. The number of plant species in various areas fluctuated with the increase of restoration years, and the composition and structure of plant species in different restoration years were significantly different. The diversity of plant species at the 10-years and 20-years restoration sites were found to be significantly higher than those at the other sites. The variation in species composition of plant community in the wetlands was found to be driven by soil organic matter and total nitrogen content. Moreover, a notable synergistic relationship was discerned between these two variables and species diversity of plant community.
1 Species composition of plant communities in fishery withdrawal wetlands in the Hongze Lake under different restoration years洪泽湖不同恢复年限退渔还湿地植物群落物种组成 |
| 科 | 属 | 种 | 生活型 | 适生环境 | 调查样地 |
| 注:T0、T1、T10和T20分别表示退渔还湿0 a、1 a、10 a和20 a的调查样地。 | |||||
| 禾本科 Poaceae | 狗牙根属 Cynodon | 狗牙根 Cynodon dactylon | 多年生 | 湿生 | T1 |
| 芒属 Miscanthus | 荻 Miscanthus sacchariflorus | 多年生 | 湿生 | T1 | |
| 稗属 Echinochloa | 长芒稗 Echinochloa caudata | 一年生 | 湿生 | T0/T20 | |
| 芦苇属 Phragmites | 芦苇 Phragmites australis | 多年生 | 沼生 | T10/T20 | |
| 荩草属 Arthraxon | 荩草 Arthraxon hispidus | 一年生 | 湿生 | T10 | |
| 假稻属 Leersia | 假稻 Leersia japonica | 多年生 | 水生 | T10 | |
| 野黍属 Eriochloa | 野黍 Eriochloa villosa | 一年生 | 湿生 | T20 | |
| 菰属 Zizania | 菰 Zizania latifolia | 多年生 | 湿生 | T0 | |
| 莎草科 Cyperaceae | 薹草属 Carex | 日本薹草 Carex japonica | 多年生 | 湿生 | T0/T1 |
| 莎草属 Cyperus | 香附子 Cyperus rotundus | 多年生 | 湿生 | T20 | |
| 三棱草属 Bolboschoenus | 扁秆荆三棱 Bolboschoenus planiculmis | 多年生 | 湿生 | T1/ T10/ T20 | |
| 莲科 Nelumbonaceae | 莲属 Nelumbo | 莲 Nelumbo nucifera | 多年生 | 水生 | T0 |
| 虎耳草科 Saxifragaceae | 槭叶草属 Mukdenia | 槭叶草 Mukdenia rossii | 多年生 | 湿生 | T0/ T10/ T20 |
| 蓼科 Polygonaceae | 蓼属 Persicaria | 柳叶刺蓼 Persicaria bungeana | 一年生 | 湿生 | T0/ T1/ T10 |
| 车前科 Plantaginaceae | 车前属 Plantago | 车前 Plantago asiatica | 多年生 | 湿生 | T0 |
| 花蔺科 Butomaceae | 花蔺属 Butomus | 花蔺 Butomus umbellatus | 多年生 | 水生 | T10 |
| 天门冬科 Asparagaceae | 沿阶草属 Ophiopogon | 麦冬 Ophiopogon japonicus | 多年生 | 湿生 | T10 |
| 菖蒲科 Acoraceae | 菖蒲属 Acorus | 菖蒲 Acorus calamus | 多年生 | 水生 | T20 |
2 Variation of plant community species number in the Hung-tse Lake wetland under different restoration years不同恢复年限下洪泽湖湿地植物群落物种数量变化 |
2 Species important values of plant community in the Hung-tse Lake wetland under different restoration years不同恢复年限下洪泽湖湿地植物群落物种重要值 |
| 退渔还湿0 a | 退渔还湿1 a | 退渔还湿10 a | 退渔还湿20 a | |||||||
| 物种 | 重要值 | 物种 | 重要值 | 物种 | 重要值 | 物种 | 重要值 | |||
| 长芒稗 | 0.458±0.292 | 荻 | 0.333±0.025 | 柳叶刺蓼 | 0.341±0.033 | 香附子 | 0.323±0.033 | |||
| 菰 | 0.153±0.028 | 柳叶刺蓼 | 0.254±0.059 | 花蔺 | 0.118±0.014 | 芦苇 | 0.158±0.013 | |||
| 莲 | 0.113±0.048 | 扁秆荆三棱 | 0.216±0.011 | 芦苇 | 0.109±0.008 | 扁秆荆三棱 | 0.140±0.023 | |||
| 柳叶刺蓼 | 0.097±0.031 | 日本薹草 | 0.117±0.023 | 槭叶草 | 0.108±0.029 | 长芒稗 | 0.119±0.017 | |||
| 日本薹草 | 0.043±0.002 | 狗牙根 | 0.079±0.005 | 荩草 | 0.104±0.021 | 野黍 | 0.111±0.022 | |||
3 Species diversity indices of plant community in the Hung-tse Lake wetland under different restoration years不同恢复年限下洪泽湖湿地植物群落物种多样性指数 |
| 退渔还湿年限/a | Simpson指数 | Shannon-Wiener指数 | Margalef指数 |
| 注:同一列中不同小写字母表示不同退渔还湿地植物群落物种多样性指数在p <0.05水平上差异显著。 | |||
| 0 | 0.450±0.226ab | 0.787±0.401a | 0.269±0.140a |
| 1 | 0.272±0.139bc | 0.399±0.201b | 0.086±0.043b |
| 10 | 0.687±0.025a | 1.180±0.090a | 0.311±0.040a |
| 20 | 0.710±0.024a | 0.936±0.294a | 0.376±0.041a |
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