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艾熙航(1997—),男,甘肃省兰州人,硕士研究生,从事红树林湿地生态研究。E-mail: aixihang@caf.ac.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-07-19
修回日期: 2023-10-24
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
基金资助
国家重点研发计划项目(20230207)
版权
A Review on Evolution and Ecological Effects of Tidal Creeks
Received date: 2023-07-19
Revised date: 2023-10-24
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
潮沟作为潮滩上特殊的连通性地貌单元,其承担的水文连通、物质运输以及保护生物多样性等功能逐渐受到关注。潮沟能够保持潮滩水盐平衡,运输海—陆沉积物,为滨海植物种子提供传播通道,并作为众多海洋生物的生境和庇护所,对维护潮滩系统稳定做出重要贡献。在受到极端气候、人类活动等扰动后,潮沟形态和生物多样性的稳定是潮滩生态系统恢复平衡的标志,故研究其形态变化以及对生物的影响具有重要意义。基于近年来潮沟演变和生态效应的主要研究成果,从潮沟分级方法、潮沟形态特征变化、潮沟变化影响因素以及潮沟的生态效应等方面进行综述,并提出了未来需要加强研究的3个方面:滨海湿地潮沟空间分布和形态特征及其影响因素研究;滨海湿地潮沟植物种子运输功能模拟及预测;滨海湿地潮沟形态差异对水文连通及生态效应的影响。
艾熙航 , 辛琨 , 曾书军 . 滨海湿地潮沟演变及其生态效应研究进展[J]. 湿地科学, 2024 , 22(4) : 603 -616 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2024.04.015
Tidal creeks, as unique components of coastal landform, have gradually attracted attention for their abilities of hydrological connectivity, material transportation and biodiversity. They can maintain the salt-and-water balance of tidal flats, transport sediments between ocean and land, be a spreading channel for plant seeds of coastal wetland, and provide habitats for marine organisms, which benefit the stability of coastal ecosystems. After extreme climate events and human activities, unchangeable shape and increasing biodiversity of tidal creeks is a signal of the restoration of coastal ecosystem. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore their morphological changes and ecological impact. Based on several researches of dynamic changes and ecological effects of tidal creeks in recent years, this paper reviews the classification methods, morphological characteristics, influencing factors and ecological effects of them, and puts forward three directions that need to be followed in the future: Spatial distribution and morphological characteristics of tidal creeks in different coastal wetlands with different influencing factors; Simulation and prediction of coastal seed transportation in tidal creeks. The relationships between the morphology, hydrological connectivity and ecological effect of tidal creeks.
1 潮沟形态特征的概念及其计算公式Concepts and calculation formulas of tidal creek morphological characteristics |
| 潮沟形态特征 | 概念 | 计算公式 |
| 长度(Length) | 指研究区域内所有潮沟的总长 | L= ,其中,L为潮沟长度;ln为单条潮沟长度;n为潮沟数量 |
| 密度(Density) | 指单位面积潮滩上的潮沟总长度 | D= /A,其中,D为潮沟密度;A为潮滩面积 |
| 分汊率(Branchrate) | 指单位面积潮滩上潮沟分汊点的数量 | B=Nb/A,其中,B为潮沟分汊率;Nb为分汊点数量 |
| 曲率(Curvature) | 指潮沟实际长度与其两端点间的直线长度之比 | C=ln/dn,其中,C为潮沟曲率;dn为单条潮沟两端点间的直线距离 |
| 宽深比(W/D) | 潮沟宽度与深度的比值 | r=W/DP,其中,r为潮沟宽深比;W为潮沟宽度,DP为潮沟深度 |
| 分维值 (Fractal Dimension) | 以数学方法描述潮沟形态复杂程度 | FD=limr-0 ,其中,FD为潮沟分维值;r为包含整个潮沟的数个紧邻小矩形的边长,N(r)为包含潮沟所需的最少盒子数 |
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