|
姜海霞(1999—),女,辽宁省大连人,硕士研究生,从事湿地生态学研究。E-mail: haixia@nefu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-09-04
修回日期: 2023-11-08
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
基金资助
黑龙江省中央站黑嘴松鸡保护区底栖动物多样性与水质监测项目(020-43220043)
黑龙江省重点专项多尺度多目标生物栖息地功能协同恢复提升技术项目(2022YFF1300903)
版权
Diversity of Macroinvertebrates and Ecological Niche in Zhongyangzhan Black-Billed Capercaillie National Nature Reserve
Received date: 2023-09-04
Revised date: 2023-11-08
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
为了探究中央站黑嘴松鸡国家级自然保护区大型底栖动物群落结构及其优势物种生态位特点,在保护区3条主要入嫩江河流(十站河、十五里小河和卧都河),共设置了19个采样点,于2022年春季、夏季和秋季,进行了大型底栖动物样本采集和水质理化因子监测;利用Shannon-Wiener指数和Pianka重叠指数,对大型底栖动物优势物种进行了生态位分析;采用冗余分析和非度量多维尺度分析方法,分析了大型底栖动物摄食功能群与水体理化因子的关系及不同河流群落间差异性。研究结果表明,在19个采样点的样品中,共鉴定出大型底栖动物94种(属),隶属于3门5纲15目46科,大型底栖动物群落物种丰富度和摄食功能群存在季节差异,而其Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数和Pielou指数的季节差异不显著;十站河、十五里小河和卧都河大型底栖动物优势物种分别有10种、6种和3种,都属于窄生态位种,其中,前突摇蚊属一种(Procladius sp.)为3条河流共有的优势物种;十站河和十五里小河各优势物种之间的生态位重叠值比较宽泛,卧都河生态位重叠值较集中;影响大型底栖动物摄食功能群的主要水质理化因子为硝酸根离子含量、透明度、水温、pH和溶解氧含量;非度量多维尺度结果显示,3条入江河流大型底栖动物群落结构具有较高的相似性。
姜海霞 , 郭东昌 , 刘曼红 , 赵振柱 , 陈福元 , 邱国良 . 中央站黑嘴松鸡国家级自然保护区大型底栖动物多样性和生态位研究[J]. 湿地科学, 2024 , 22(4) : 508 -517 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2024.04.004
In order to investigate the macroinvertebrates community structure and the ecological niche characteristics of the dominant species in the Heilongjiang Zhongyangzhan Black-Billed Capercaillie National Nature Reserve, 19 sampling sites were set up in three major rivers (Shizhan River, Shiwulixiao River, and Wodu River) entering the Nenjiang River in the Reserve, and macroinvertebrates samples were collected and the physico-chemical factors of water quality were monitored in the spring, summer and autumn, respectively in 2022. The Shannon-Wiener index and Pianka overlap index were used to analyze the niche of the dominant species of macroinvertebrates species. Redundancy analysis and non-metric multi-dimensional scale analysis were used to analyze the correlation between macroinvertebrates feeding functional groups and physicochemical factors of water bodies and the variability between different river communities.The results showed that 94 species (genera) of macroinvertebrates were identified, belonging to 3 phylums, 5 phyla, 15 orders and 46 families, and there were seasonal differences in macroinvertebrates species richness and feeding function groups, while the seasonal differences were not significant in the Shannon-Wiener index, the Margalef index and the Pielou index. The dominant species of macroinvertebrates in the Shizhan River, Shiwulixiao River and Wodu River were 10, 6 and 3 species, respectively, all belonging to narrow ecological niche species, among which one species of Procladius sp. was the dominant species common to the three rivers. The ecological niche overlap values between the dominant species of the Shizhan River and the Shiwulixiao River were relatively broad, and the ecological niche overlap values of the Wodu River were more concentrated. The main physico-chemical factors of water quality affecting macroinvertebrates feeding function groups were nitrate ion content, transparency, water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen content. The results of the non-metric multidimensional scale showed that the macroinvertebrates community structures of the three riverine rivers had high similarity.
1 中央站黑嘴松鸡国家级自然保护区研究区水系及采样点分布Distribution of water system and sampling points in the study area of Zhongyangzhan Black-Billed Capercaillie National Nature Reserve |
1 3条河流各采样点的生境类型Habitat types at three stream sampling sites |
| 采样点 | 生境类型 | |
| 十站河 | 采样点1至采样点7 | 采样点1至采样点4位于十站河干流,河宽约3~15 m,流速较快,周围植被为草甸和灌木;采样点5至采样点7位于河流上游的支流,河宽约1~2 m,流速缓慢,周围植被为乔木和灌丛。河流底质主要为砾石和沙石,部分采样点为淤泥,含有较多腐殖质。 |
| 十五里小河 | 采样点8至采样点13,采样点16 | 采样点8和采样点9位于十五里小河干流,流速较快,周围植被为草甸;采样点10位于支流,河宽约 2 m,周围有少量农田;采样点11至采样点13位于河流上游,河宽约1~3 m,保护区成立之前这些采样点的河段曾用于淘金和矿业开采,现处于恢复中,周围植被为灌木,流速较快;采样点16位于支流,河宽约2 m,流速较快,周围植被为灌木和草甸。十五里小河河流底质类型主要为砾石质,少有采样点为淤泥含腐殖质。 |
| 卧都河 | 采样点14和采样点15,采样点17至采样点19 | 采样点14和采样点15位于卧都河干流,河宽约18~20 m,流速较快,周围植被主要为草甸,少有乔木,底质以砾石为主;采样点17至采样点19位于支流,河宽约1~3 m,流速较缓,周围植被为草甸,底质以淤泥为主。 |
2 不同季节大型底栖动物生物多样性指数方差分析Analysis of variance of macroinvertebrates biodiversity indices in different seasons |
| 多样性指数 | 季节 | F | p | ||||||
| 春季(n=19) | 夏季(n=19) | 秋季(n=19) | |||||||
| 注:表中多样性指数值为平均值±标准差。 | |||||||||
| Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数 | 1.61±0.35 | 1.23±0.65 | 1.20±0.73 | 2.726 | 0.076 | ||||
| Margalef 丰富度指数 | 2.11±0.54 | 1.68±0.83 | 1.62±1.15 | 1.753 | 0.184 | ||||
| Pielou 均匀度指数 | 0.84±0.10 | 0.75±0.28 | 0.73±0.24 | 1.160 | 0.322 | ||||
3 3条河流大型底栖动物优势物种及优势度指数Dominant species and dominance index of macroinvertebrates in three rivers |
| 优势物种 | 优势度指数 | ||
| 十站河 | 十五里小河 | 卧都河 | |
| 赤豆螺 Bithynia fuchsiana | 0.08 | ||
| 纹沼螺 Parafossarulus striatulus | 0.11 | 0.58 | |
| 湖球蚬 Sphaerium lacustre | 0.14 | ||
| 管石蛾科一种 Psychomyiidae sp. | 0.03 | ||
| 四节蜉属一种 Baetis sp. | 0.04 | ||
| 真龙虱属一种 Cybister sp. | 0.07 | 0.06 | |
| 前突摇蚊属一种 Procladius sp. | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.04 |
| 德永雕翅摇蚊 Glyptotendipes tokunagai | 0.02 | ||
| 多齿斑摇蚊 Stictochironomus multannulatus | 0.03 | ||
| 前黄斑布摇蚊 Brillia flavifrons | 0.02 | ||
| 凹铗隐摇蚊 Cryptochironomus defectus | 0.02 | ||
| 伊尔克真开式摇蚊 Eukiefferiella ilkleyensis | 0.05 | ||
| 若西摇蚊 Chironomus yoshimatusi | 0.11 | ||
| 喜盐摇蚊 Chironomus salinarius | 0.05 | ||
| 大脐圆扁螺 Hippeutis umbilicalis | 0.03 | ||
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |