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周彦锋(1979—),男,江苏省无锡人,博士研究生,副研究员,从事渔业生态与资源保护研究。E-mail: zhouyf@ffrc.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-09-07
修回日期: 2023-11-08
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
基金资助
安徽省重点水域水生生物资源监测项目(ZF2021-18-0786)
中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023TD65)
中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心基本科研业务费资助项目(2023JBFM09)
国家农业科学渔业资源环境滨湖观测实验站项目(NAES013FS05)
版权
Assessment of Water Ecological Health in the Middle Reaches of Huaihe River based on Phytoplankton Biological Integrity Index
Received date: 2023-09-07
Revised date: 2023-11-08
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
于2019年6月(平水期)、9月(丰水期)以及2020年2月(枯水期),在淮河中游三河尖至洪山头段,设置了28个采样断面,进行浮游植物及水环境质量调查。基于淮河中游浮游植物群落结构及浮游植物形态功能群(Morphologically Based Functional Group,MBFG)分类数据,对3个水文期的水环境分别构建浮游植物生物完整性指数(P-IBI)评价体系,并进行生态健康评价。采用综合营养状态指数,作为划分标准判定参照断面和受损断面,并对候选指标进行分布范围检验、相关性检验和判别能力分析,筛选出各水文期的P-IBI核心参数,并采用比值法,确定分级评价标准,对淮河中游的水环境进行水生态健康评价。研究结果表明,在淮河中游的水体中,共鉴定出浮游植物8门128种,形态功能群分类中的7类功能群在3个水文期都有检出;平水期的浮游植物优势功能群为Ⅲ类功能群+Ⅳ类功能群+Ⅴ功能群+Ⅵ类功能群,丰水期的为Ⅲ功能群+Ⅴ功能群+Ⅵ功能群+Ⅶ功能群,枯水期的为Ⅰ功能群+Ⅵ功能群+Ⅶ功能群;平水期、丰水期和枯水期的水生态健康等级分别为亚健康、中度干扰和轻度干扰,全年75.00%的调查断面健康状态处于轻度干扰及以上水平,整体水生态修复成效较好,水生态健康状况呈现出下游优于上游,闸下优于闸上的分布格局。
周彦锋 , 王东伟 , 何利聪 , 俞振飞 , 尤洋 . 基于浮游植物生物完整性指数的淮河中游水生态健康评价[J]. 湿地科学, 2024 , 22(4) : 477 -486 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2024.04.001
In June 2019 (flat water period), September (wet season) and February 2020 (dry season), 28 sampling sections were set up in the section from Sanhejian to Hongshantou in the middle reaches of Huaihe River to conduct phytoplankton and water quality environmental surveys. Based on the taxonomic data of phytoplankton community structure and morphologically based function group (MBFG) in the middle reaches of Huaihe River, the phytoplankton biological integrity index (P-IBI) evaluation system was constructed for the three hydrological periods, and the ecological health was evaluated. The comprehensive trophic status index was used as the classification standard to determine the reference section and the damaged section, and the distribution range test, correlation test and discrimination ability analysis of the candidate indicators were carried out to screen out the core parameters of P-IBI in each hydrological period, and the ratio method was used to determine the grading evaluation standard, and the water ecological health evaluation of the middle reaches of the Huaihe River was evaluated. The results showed that a total of 128 species and 8 phyla of phytoplankton were identified in the middle reaches of Huaihe River, and 7 functional groups were detected in the three hydrological periods in the phytoplankton morphological functional group classification, and the dominant phytoplankton functional groups were III+IV+V+VI (flat water period), III+V+VI+VII (wet season), and I+VI+VII (dry season). The water ecological health grades of “sub-health”, “moderate disturbance” and “mild disturbance” were respectively “sub-healthy”, “moderate disturbance” and “mild disturbance” during the normal water period, wet water period and dry water period, respectively, and 75.00% of the health status of the survey section was at the level of “slight disturbance” or above, indicating that the overall water ecological restoration effect was good, and the water ecological health status showed a distribution pattern that the downstream was better than the upstream, and the lower part of the sluice was better than the upper sluice. The evaluation results well reflect the water ecological health status of different hydrological periods and river sections in the middle reaches of Huaihe River, which can provide data support and theoretical basis for the governance and water ecological restoration of Huaihe River.
1 46个候选生物参数46 candidate metrics |
| 候选参数 | |||||
| M1蓝藻物种数 | M2硅藻物种数 | M3绿藻物种数 | M4浮游植物香农-威纳指数 | M5浮游植物丰富度指数 | M6浮游植物均匀度指数 |
| M7蓝藻门密度 | M8硅藻门密度 | M9绿藻门密度 | M10蓝藻门生物量 | M11蓝藻门生物量 | M12蓝藻门生物量 |
| M13蓝藻门密度占比 | M14蓝藻门密度占比 | M15蓝藻门密度占比 | M16蓝藻门生物量占比 | M17蓝藻门生物量占比 | M18蓝藻门生物量占比 |
| M19Ⅰ类功能群密度 | M20Ⅱ类功能群密度 | M21Ⅲ类功能群密度 | M22Ⅳ类功能群密度 | M23Ⅴ类功能群密度 | M24Ⅵ类功能群密度 |
| M25Ⅶ类功能群密度 | M26Ⅰ类功能群密度占比 | M27Ⅱ类功能群密度占比 | M28Ⅲ类功能群密度占比 | M29Ⅳ类功能群密度占比 | M30Ⅴ类功能群密度占比 |
| M31Ⅵ类功能群密度占比 | M32Ⅶ类功能群密度占比 | M33Ⅰ类功能群生物量 | M34Ⅱ类功能群生物量 | M35Ⅲ类功能群生物量 | M36Ⅳ类功能群生物量 |
| M37Ⅴ类功能群生物量 | M38Ⅵ类功能群生物量 | M39Ⅶ类功能群生物量 | M40Ⅰ类功能群生物量占比 | M41Ⅱ类功能群生物量占比 | M42Ⅲ类功能群生物量占比 |
| M43Ⅳ类功能群生物量占比 | M44Ⅴ类功能群生物量占比 | M45Ⅵ类功能群生物量占比 | M46Ⅶ类功能群生物量占比 | ||
2 淮河中游浮游植物形态功能群(MBFG)组成Composition of the morphologically based functional group of phytoplankton in the middle reaches of Huaihe River |
| 功能群 | 功能群特征 | 代表种属 |
| Ⅰ类 | 高比表面积的小型藻,体型小,吸收营养盐迅速,生长快,对水体中总氮、总磷浓度敏感 | 衣藻(Chlamydomonas)、针晶蓝纤维藻(Dactylococcopsis rhaphidioides)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris) |
| Ⅱ类 | 金藻门(个体小、有鞭毛、有硅质细胞壁),沉降速度较低,混合营养型 | 圆筒形锥囊藻(Dinobryon cylindricum)、鱼鳞藻 (Mallomonas sp.)、黄群藻(Synura) |
| Ⅲ类 | 高比表面积的大型丝状体,具伪空胞,体型大、生长慢,可适应光限制水体,捕食压力小,部分种类可以固氮 | 鱼腥藻(Anabaena)、颤藻(Oscillatoria)、螺旋藻(Spirulina) |
| Ⅳ类 | 无明显特征的中型藻,资源获取能力中等,捕食压力较高,沉降速率中等偏低 | 华丽四星藻(Tetrastrum elegans)、爪哇栅藻(Scenedesmus javaensis)、空星藻(Coelastrum sphaericum) |
| Ⅴ类 | 中大型单细胞藻,有鞭毛,资源获取能力中等,捕食压力中等较高,沉降速率中等偏低,部分种类具异养功能,可于低营养水体占优 | 裸藻(Euglena)、裸甲藻(Gymnodinium)、啮蚀隐藻 (Cryptomonas erosa) |
| Ⅵ类 | 无鞭毛带硅质细胞壁的藻,资源获取能力中等,细胞密度大、无运动能力,沉降速率高,可产生休眠孢子,在底泥中形成种源库 | 针杆藻(Synedra)、谷皮菱形藻(Nitzschia palea)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana) |
| Ⅶ类 | 低比表面积的大型群体,有胶被,营养盐吸收能力较差,营养盐半饱和浓度高,可在群体内储存营养盐,捕食压力低,几乎无沉降损失 | 旋折平裂藻(Merismopedia convolute)、微囊藻(Microcystis) |
3 淮河中游各水文期综合营养状态指数Comprehensive nutritional status index of each hydrological period in the middle reaches of Huaihe River |
| 断面位置 | 断面序号 | 综合营养状态指数 | |||||
| 平水期 | 丰水期 | 枯水期 | |||||
| 参照断面 | 受损断面 | 参照断面 | 受损断面 | 参照断面 | 受损断面 | ||
| 临淮岗闸上 | 1 | 57.18 | 55.28 | 65.91 | |||
| 2 | 58.11 | 68.38 | 65.25 | ||||
| 3 | 57.18 | 62.26 | 63.46 | ||||
| 4 | 59.36 | 61.89 | 64.16 | ||||
| 5 | 61.39 | 62.02 | 61.10 | ||||
| 6 | 60.80 | 58.68 | 56.08 | ||||
| 临淮岗闸至 蚌埠闸 | 7 | 61.81 | 63.09 | 56.09 | |||
| 8 | 62.14 | 52.30 | 56.14 | ||||
| 9 | 60.41 | 57.10 | 53.10 | ||||
| 10 | 58.43 | 67.82 | 55.15 | ||||
| 11 | 54.62 | 63.66 | 54.68 | ||||
| 12 | 52.57 | 64.36 | 53.69 | ||||
| 13 | 49.16 | 66.03 | 53.57 | ||||
| 14 | 47.93 | 66.82 | 52.76 | ||||
| 15 | 50.45 | 63.44 | 52.54 | ||||
| 16 | 50.31 | 63.97 | 53.28 | ||||
| 17 | 50.31 | 63.97 | 53.28 | ||||
| 18 | 47.93 | 66.82 | 52.76 | ||||
| 19 | 50.46 | 60.85 | 52.66 | ||||
| 20 | 55.13 | 60.81 | 52.83 | ||||
| 21 | 57.25 | 62.59 | 52.05 | ||||
| 22 | 52.99 | 56.21 | 52.70 | ||||
| 蚌埠闸下 | 23 | 54.03 | 57.68 | 52.83 | |||
| 24 | 64.11 | 54.00 | 51.29 | ||||
| 25 | 60.22 | 64.98 | 51.53 | ||||
| 26 | 56.01 | 49.93 | 49.44 | ||||
| 27 | 55.16 | 68.31 | 49.93 | ||||
| 28 | 54.47 | 52.59 | 51.75 | ||||
4 淮河中游P-IBI体系候选参数分析及赋分公式Analysis of candidate parameters and assignment formulas for P-IBI system in the middle reaches of Huaihe River |
| 水文期 | 候选参数 | 最大值 | 最小值 | 5%分位数 | 95%分位数 | 赋分公式 | 对干扰响应 |
| 平水期 | M5 | 605 737.947 | 0.000 | 18 929.311 | 421 177.167 | (605737.947-M5)/ (605737.947-18929.311) | 上升 |
| M6 | 643 596.569 | 28 393.966 | 28 393.966 | 524 341.911 | (643596.569-M6)/ (643596.569-28393.966) | 上升 | |
| M19 | 5 196 095.830 | 18 929.311 | 22 241.940 | 4 523 632.062 | (5196095.830-M19)/(5196095.830-22241.940) | 上升 | |
| M23 | 1.868 | 0.617 | 0.714 | 1.667 | (1.868-M23)/(1.868-0.714) | 上升 | |
| M25 | 0.947 | 0.321 | 0.394 | 0.879 | M25/0.879 | 下降 | |
| 丰水期 | M37 | 4.746 | 0.000 | 0.009 | 3.794 | M37/3.794 | 下降 |
| M44 | 0.858 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.843 | M44/0.843 | 下降 | |
| 枯水期 | M5 | 0.243 | 0.000 | 0.011 | 0.211 | M5/0.211 | 下降 |
| M6 | 0.413 | 0.107 | 0.123 | 0.373 | M6/0.373 | 下降 | |
| M13 | 0.752 | 0.175 | 0.292 | 0.702 | (0.752-M13)/(0.752-0.292) | 上升 | |
| M30 | 2.516 | 0.072 | 0.072 | 0.636 | M30/0.636 | 下降 | |
| M31 | 4.823 | 0.193 | 0.242 | 2.412 | (4.823-M31)/(4.823-0.242) | 上升 | |
| M37 | 1.580 | 0.654 | 0.838 | 1.468 | (1.580-M37)/(1.580-0.838) | 上升 | |
| M38 | 0.920 | 0.439 | 0.494 | 0.846 | M38/0.846 | 下降 |
5 淮河中游P-IBI体系得分评价标准Evaluation criteria for the P-IBI system in the middle reaches of Huaihe River |
| 水文期 | 健康 | 亚健康 | 轻度干扰 | 中度干扰 | 重度干扰 |
| 平水期 | >4.086 | >3.605~4.086 | >2.403~3.605 | 1.202~2.403 | <1.202 |
| 丰水期 | >1.798 | >1.348~1.798 | >0.889~1.348 | 0.449~0.899 | <0.449 |
| 枯水期 | >5.238 | >3.929~5.238 | >2.619~3.929 | 1.310~2.619 | <1.310 |
6 各水文期淮河中游水体的理化指标Physical and chemical indicators of each hydrological period in the middle reaches of Huaihe River |
| 水文期 | 透明度/m | 总氮质量 浓度/(mg/L) | 总磷质量 浓度/(mg/L) | 叶绿素a质量 浓度/(μg/L) | 高锰酸盐 指数(mg/L) | 氨氮质量 浓度/(mg/L) | 综合营养 状态指数 |
| 注:表中数据为(平均值±标准误差)。同一列数据右上角大写字母不同,表示数据在0.01水平下差异显著;小写字母不同,表示数据在0.05水平下差异显著。 | |||||||
| 平水期 | (0.25±0.17)Bb | (2.44±0.46)Bb | (0.13±0.04)Aa | (11.38±6.50)Bb | (4.93±0.51)Aa | (0.27±0.02)Aa | (55.71±4.57)Bb |
| 丰水期 | (0.46±0.10)Aa | (1.55±0.54)Cc | (0.13±0.03)Aa | (37.13±22.55)Aa | (4.87±0.60)Aa | (0.25±0.03)Aa | (61.28±5.07)Aa |
| 枯水期 | (0.29±0.13)Bb | (3.59±0.38)Aa | (0.09±0.02)Bb | (10.19±8.66)Bb | (4.25±0.36)Bb | (0.84±0.04)Bb | (55.00±4.52)Bb |
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