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万家宏(1999—),男,湖南省衡阳人,本科生,从事鱼类生态学研究。E-mail: wanjiahong1999@sina.com |
收稿日期: 2023-09-15
修回日期: 2023-12-15
网络出版日期: 2025-08-14
基金资助
2022年洱源“三湖”鱼类调查监测项目(KY226134040)
云南长江生态环境保护研究子课题(KY2326143540)
版权
Structural Characteristics of Fish Communities and Their Biodiversity in the Cibi Lake
Received date: 2023-09-15
Revised date: 2023-12-15
Online published: 2025-08-14
Copyright
为了解洱源县茈碧湖鱼类群落结构特征,为制定渔业资源保护方案提供科学依据,于2022年3月、6月、9月和12月对茈碧湖鱼类群落结构及其多样性进行调查与分析。研究结果表明,在茈碧湖共采集鱼类样本5 701尾,重61 557.8 g,经鉴定共有15种,隶属于4目7科13属,其中,鲤科鱼类种类数最多,有8种,占总物种数的53.33%;鱼类组成以湖泊定居型为主,鲫(Carassius auratus)、子陵吻鰕虎鱼(Ctenogobius giuriuns)、䱗(Hemiculter leucisculus)、兴凯鱊(Acheilognathus chankaensis)和鲤(Cyprinus carpio)为茈碧湖全年优势鱼种,合计占总尾数的80.60%;茈碧湖鱼类群落Margalef丰富度指数的变化范围为0.83~1.58,基于个体数量的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的变化范围分别为0.79~1.53和0.47~0.77,基于生物量的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的变化范围分别为0.78~1.41和0.45~0.79;Margalef丰富度指数、基于个体数量的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数在不同季节间均存在显著差异(p<0.05),基于生物量的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数值在不同季节间差异均不显著(p>0.05);鱼类群落稳定性在秋季最高,其次为夏季,春季和冬季稳定性最低。
万家宏 , 钟传艳 , 高登成 , 周俊 , 吕兴菊 , 龙晓文 . 茈碧湖鱼类群落结构特征及其生物多样性[J]. 湿地科学, 2024 , 22(5) : 727 -734 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2024.05.011
In order to understand the structural characteristics of fish community in the Cibi Lake in Eryuan County, and provide scientific basis for formulating fishery resources protection plans, a total of four surveys were conducted to analyze the fish community structure in the Cibi Lake in March, June, September and December 2022. The results showed that a total of 5 701 fish samples weighing 61 557.8 g were collected, and 15 species were identified, belonging to 4 orders, 7 families and 13 genera. Among them, the Carp family had the largest number of fish species, with 8 species, accounting for 53.33% of the total number of species. The composition of fish species was dominated by lake settlement species, Carassius auratus, Ctenogobius giuriuns, Hemiculter leucisculus, Acheilognathus chankaensis, and Cyprinus carpio were the dominant species in the Cibi Lake throughout the year, accounting for 80.60% of the total number. The Margalef’s richness index ranged from 0.83 to 1.58, the Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index based on the number of individuals and Pielou’s evenness index ranged from 0.79 to 1.53 and 0.47 to 0.77, respectively, and the Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index based on the biomass and Pielou’s evenness index ranged from 0.78 to 1.41 and 0.45 to 0.79, respectively. The Margalef’s richness index, Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index based on the number of individuals and Pielou’s evenness index were significantly different between seasons (p<0.05), while the Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index based on the biomass and Pielou’s evenness index values were not significant between seasons (p>0.05). The stability of fish communities was highest in autumn, followed by summer, and the lowest in spring and winter.
1 茈碧湖鱼类种类组成Composition of fish species in the Cibi Lake |
| 目/科/属/种 | 生态类型 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
| 注:*表示小型鱼类;P为浮游生物食性,D为碎屑食性,C为肉食性,O为杂食性,Be为底栖动物食性;U为中上层,L为中下层,B为底层;Mt为江湖洄游型,Lt为湖泊定居型;+为该季节出现的鱼类。 | |||||
| 鲤形目CYPRINIFORMES | |||||
| 鲤科Cyprinidae | |||||
| 鲤属Cyprinus | |||||
| 鲤Cyprinus carpio | O、L、Lt | + | + | + | + |
| 鲫属Carassius | |||||
| 鲫Carassius auratus | O、L、Lt | + | + | + | + |
| 䱗属Hemiculter | |||||
| 䱗Hemiculter leucisculus | P、U、Lt | + | + | + | + |
| 鲢属Hypophthalmichthys | |||||
| 鲢 Hypophthalmichthys molitrix | P、U、Mt | + | |||
| 麦穗鱼属Pseudorasbora | |||||
| 麦穗鱼Pseudorasbora parva* | O、L、Lt | + | + | ||
| 棒花鱼属Abbottina | |||||
| 棒花鱼Abbottina rivularis* | O、L、Lt | + | + | ||
| 鱊属Acheilognathus | |||||
| 兴凯鱊 Acheilognathus chankaensis* | D、L、Lt | + | + | + | + |
| 鳑鲏属Rhodeus | |||||
| 中华鳑鲏Rhodeus sinensis* | D、L、Lt | + | + | + | |
| 鳅科Cobitidae | |||||
| 泥鳅属Misgurnus | |||||
| 泥鳅 Misgurnus anguillicaudatus* | O、B、Lt | + | + | ||
| 鲈形目PERCIFORMES | |||||
| 塘鳢科Eleotridae | |||||
| 黄䱂鱼属Hypseleotris | |||||
| 黄䱂Hypseleotris swinhonis* | Be、B、Lt | + | + | ||
| 鰕虎鱼科Gobiidae | |||||
| 吻鰕虎鱼属Ctenogobius | |||||
| 波氏吻鰕虎鱼 Ctenogobius cliffordpopei* | Be、B、Lt | + | + | + | |
| 子陵吻鰕虎鱼 Ctenogobius giuriuns* | Be、B、Lt | + | + | + | + |
| 鳢科Channidae | |||||
| 鳢属Channa | |||||
| 乌鳢Channa argus | C、B、Lt | + | + | + | |
| 鲇形目SILURIFORMES | |||||
| 鲿科Bagridae | |||||
| 黄颡鱼属Pelteobagrus | |||||
| 黄颡鱼 Pelteobagrus fulvidraco* | C、B、Lt | + | |||
| 鲑形目SALMONIFORMES | |||||
| 胡瓜鱼科Osmeridae | |||||
| 公鱼属Hypomesus | |||||
| 西太公鱼 Hypomesus nipponensis* | P、U、Lt | + | + | + | |
2 茈碧湖鱼类相对重要性指数及其季节变化Relative importance indices of fishes and their seasonal variation in the Cibi Lake |
| 种类 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 | 全年 | |||||||||
| 数量 占比/% | 相对重要 性指数 | 数量 占比/% | 相对重要 性指数 | 数量 占比/% | 相对重要 性指数 | 数量 占比/% | 相对重要 性指数 | 数量 占比/% | 相对重要 性指数 | |||||
| 鲫 | 10.99 | 7 013.53 | 5.79 | 1 618.16 | 21.14 | 4 544.77 | 62.14 | 14 132.42 | 12.16 | 5 990.26 | ||||
| 子陵吻鰕虎鱼 | 33.85 | 3 666.12 | 60.93 | 7 603.96 | 3.25 | 330.52 | 0.41 | 42.68 | 48.13 | 5 291.82 | ||||
| 䱗 | 1.63 | 693.92 | 8.60 | 7 156.27 | 32.52 | 5 534.28 | 1.03 | 246.39 | 6.82 | 2 872.07 | ||||
| 兴凯鱊 | 29.77 | 3 941.48 | 3.85 | 597.27 | 35.77 | 4 369.19 | 35.19 | 3 874.79 | 13.33 | 1 874.44 | ||||
| 鲤 | 0.22 | 2 009.27 | 0.03 | 9.64 | 3.25 | 2 621.90 | 0.21 | 766.51 | 0.16 | 1 114.09 | ||||
| 西太公鱼 | 0.07 | 12.25 | 10.31 | 1 300.24 | 0.81 | 92.97 | 6.81 | 566.54 | ||||||
| 乌鳢 | 0.08 | 146.71 | 2.44 | 2 422.19 | 0.21 | 354.93 | 0.12 | 349.99 | ||||||
| 中华鳑鲏 | 5.42 | 580.45 | 2.94 | 384.50 | 0.81 | 84.18 | 3.23 | 268.20 | ||||||
| 黄䱂 | 6.16 | 657.96 | 4.97 | 574.48 | 4.72 | 251.85 | ||||||||
| 波氏吻鰕虎鱼 | 6.24 | 672.44 | 0.08 | 9.48 | 0.41 | 42.55 | 1.56 | 127.45 | ||||||
| 麦穗鱼 | 4.90 | 634.80 | 0.96 | 178.68 | 1.79 | 119.71 | ||||||||
| 棒花鱼 | 0.30 | 67.33 | 0.99 | 231.93 | 0.72 | 58.71 | ||||||||
| 鲢 | 0.41 | 539.74 | 0.04 | 41.51 | ||||||||||
| 泥鳅 | 0.07 | 9.47 | 0.48 | 188.68 | 0.33 | 35.68 | ||||||||
| 黄颡鱼 | 0.37 | 40.97 | 0.09 | 2.45 | ||||||||||
3 茈碧湖鱼类多样性指数季节变化Seasonal variations of fish diversity indices in the Cibi Lake |
| 季节 | Margalef 丰富度指数 | 基于个体数量的 Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 | 基于生物量的 Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 | 基于个体数量的 Pielou均匀度指数 | 基于生物量的 Pielou均匀度指数 |
| 注:同列数据上标的小写字母不同,表示差异显著(p<0.05)。 | |||||
| 春季 | 1.58a | 1.53a | 1.33a | 0.64ab | 0.45a |
| 夏季 | 1.50a | 1.46a | 1.22a | 0.59b | 0.49a |
| 秋季 | 1.22b | 1.38a | 1.41a | 0.77a | 0.79a |
| 冬季 | 0.83c | 0.79b | 0.78a | 0.47b | 0.45a |
4 不同季节茈碧湖鱼类相似性指数Jaccard similarity index of fishes among various seasons in the Cibi Lake |
| 季节 | 春季 | 夏季 | 秋季 | 冬季 |
| 春季 | 100.00% | |||
| 夏季 | 85.71% | 100.00% | ||
| 秋季 | 50.00% | 61.54% | 100.00% | |
| 冬季 | 40.00% | 50.00% | 60.00% | 100.00% |
感谢大理大学农学与生物科学学院2021级生态学班陈荔同学,2020级动物科学班贺应全、陈东祥、杨俊、熊才发、陈星、邵转杏、罗艳、陈玉萍、普丽云、曹瑜和郭斌艳同学,以及2019级动物科学班杨文红、顾牙焕、高玉梦、吴丰娇、卿浪、周俑吉、黄月和陈果同学,在样本采集、整理、分类和测定过程中给予的帮助。
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