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曹雪倩(2004—),女,安徽省滁州人,在读本科生,主要从事鸟类生态学研究。E-mail: 2214010105@henu.edu.cn; |
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王鹏(1999—),男,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐人,硕士研究生,主要从事鸟类生态学研究。E-mail: 2214010051@henu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2023-10-28
修回日期: 2024-02-20
网络出版日期: 2025-08-14
基金资助
信阳生态研究院开放基金项目(2023XYMS03)
版权
Bird's Diversity Time and Space Distribution and Priority Protection Area Recognition in Urban Wetlands in Zhengzhou City
Received date: 2023-10-28
Revised date: 2024-02-20
Online published: 2025-08-14
Copyright
为了探究郑州市城市湿地的组成、城市湿地中鸟类多样性时空分布格局与水鸟优先保护区域,以及环境因子对鸟类多样性的影响,从中国观鸟记录中心收集了11处郑州市城市湿地鸟类物种分布数据,采用系统聚类方法,分析不同湿地鸟类群落的相似性与差异性,并采用多元逐步回归分析方法,探究影响鸟类多样性和优先指数的关键生境因子。研究结果表明,11处城市湿地共记录到17目53科250种鸟类,其中雀形目鸟类最多,鸟类群落的种群总数量为125 482只个体;鸟类群落优势物种为麻雀(Passer montanus)、白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)、灰喜鹊(Cyanopica cyanus)、小鸊鷉(Tachybaptus ruficollis)、喜鹊(Pica pica)、白骨顶(Fulica atra)、黑水鸡(Gallinula chloropus)和绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos),其中,白头鹎、麻雀和灰喜鹊之间以及小鸊鷉、白骨顶和绿头鸭的优势种相关性之间两两显著正相关;聚类分析分成的3块区域中,西流湖区域和中心区域鸟类物种丰富度和多样性指数整体上在春季和秋季较低,在夏季和冬季较高,象湖区域则相反;优先级指数分析结果显示,3处城市湿地为水鸟高优先级保护地点,3处城市湿地为中优先级保护地点,5处城市湿地为低优先级保护地点;多元逐步回归分析结果显示,随着隔离度、生境类型的数量和样点数逐渐增大,鸟类的物种丰富度增大,建筑指数反之。
曹雪倩 , 王鹏 , 李佳依 , 付湘瑜 , 高大伟 , 刘雪燕 , 赵海鹏 . 郑州市城市湿地中鸟类多样性分布格局及优先保护区域识别[J]. 湿地科学, 2024 , 22(6) : 960 -971 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2024.06.015
In order to explore the community composition, temporal and spatial distribution patterns of avian diversity, and the priority conservation areas for waterfowls in urban wetlands of Zhengzhou City, as well as the impact of environmental factors on avian diversity, distribution data of bird species from 11 urban wetlands in Zhengzhou City were collected from the China Bird Watching Record Center. The similarities and differences of avian communities in different wetlands were analyzed by systematic clustering method, and the key habitat factors affecting avian diversity and priority index were explored by multiple stepwise regression analysis method. The results of the study indicated that a total of 250 species of birds belonging to 53 families and 17 orders were recorded in the 11 wetland wetlands, with Passeriformes being themost abundant. The total population of bird communities was 125 482 individuals. The dominant species of bird community include the Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus), the Chinese Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), Azure-winged Magpie (Cyanopica cyanus), Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis), Eurasian Magpie (Pica pica), Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra), Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) and Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos). The inter-species correlation analysis of dominant bird species showed highly significant positive correlations between Light-vented Bulbul, Eurasian Tree Sparrow, and Azure-winged Magpie, as well as between Little Grebe, Eurasian Coot, and Mallard. Cluster analysis divided the parks into three areas, with the species richness and diversity index of the Xiliu Lake area and the central area being generally lower in spring and autumn and higher in summer and winter, while the Xiang Lake area showed the opposite trend Priority index analysis revealed that three wetlands were high-priority conservation sites for aquatic birds, three were medium-priority sites, and five were low-priority sites. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that as isolation, the number of habitat types, and the number of sample points increased, the species richness of birds also increased, while the building index had the opposite effect. It was recommended that more effective protection measures be taken for medium and high-priority conservation sites. In the planning and construction of wetlands, the wetlands should have a large area and a rich variety of habitat types, and the distance between different wetlands should be relatively far. At the same time, public recreation and bird habitats should be taken into account, and activities that cause significant environmental disturbances should be avoided during the breeding and nesting period.
1 郑州市调查样地生境因子及相关说明Habitat factors and related explanations of survey plots in Zhengzhou City |
| 序号 | 生境因子 | 说明 |
| 1 | 隔离度 | 实测值,根据地图与实地勘察估测,公园到最近更大公园的距离 |
| 2 | 生境类型的数量 | 实测值,根据地图与实地勘察估测,公园拥有生境的数目 |
| 3 | 建筑指数 | 实测值,根据地图勘察估测,样方周围的建筑比例 |
| 4 | 样点数 | 来自观鸟记录中心,由公园面积按比例挑选调查样点数目 |
| 5 | 湿地总面积 | 实测值,根据地图勘察估测,公园整体面积 |
| 6 | 建筑面积 | 实测值,根据地图勘察估测,人类建筑,如房屋和亭子 |
| 7 | 稀疏树林面积 | 实测值,根据实地勘察估测,容易走入,灌木间距>30 cm |
| 8 | 稠密树林面积 | 实测值,根据实地勘察估测,难以走入,灌木间距<10 cm |
| 9 | 水域面积 | 实测值,根据实地勘察估测,包括河流、池塘和湖泊 |
| 10 | 草地面积 | 实测值,根据实地勘察估测,生长草本植物的土地 |
| 11 | 道路设施面积 | 实测值,根据实地勘察估测,人行道、桥梁 |
| 12 | 灌丛面积 | 实测值,根据实地勘察估测,没有明显的主干、呈丛生状态比较矮小的树木 |
| 13 | 空地面积 | 实测值,根据实地勘察估测,裸露地面 |
2 调查的鸟类优势物种间的相关系数Correlation coefficients between dominant bird species surveyed |
| 麻雀 | 白头鹎 | 灰喜鹊 | 小鸊鷉 | 喜鹊 | 白骨顶 | 绿头鸭 | |
| 注:**表示在p<0.01水平显著相关。 | |||||||
| 白头鹎 | 1.0** | ||||||
| 灰喜鹊 | 1.0** | 1.0** | |||||
| 小鸊鷉 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | ||||
| 喜鹊 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | |||
| 白骨顶 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0** | 0.6 | ||
| 绿头鸭 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.0** | 0.6 | 1.0** | |
| 黑水鸡 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
3 郑州市11处城市湿地中鸟类多样性特征Characteristics of bird diversity in 11 urban wetland in Zhengzhou City |
| 序号 | 地点 | 目/目 | 科/科 | 种/种 | 鸟类个体数/只 | Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数 | Simpson 优势度指数 | Pielou 均匀度指数 |
| 1 | 须水河滨河公园 | 10 | 23 | 33 | 585 | 2.78 | 0.91 | 0.8 |
| 2 | 西流湖公园 | 17 | 49 | 161 | 40 150 | 3.52 | 0.95 | 0.69 |
| 3 | 贾鲁河公园 | 15 | 41 | 129 | 11 974 | 3.61 | 0.96 | 0.74 |
| 4 | 碧沙岗公园 | 8 | 27 | 70 | 2 458 | 3.24 | 0.95 | 0.76 |
| 5 | 郑州大学校内湿地 | 11 | 33 | 104 | 9 193 | 3.22 | 0.93 | 0.69 |
| 6 | 人民公园 | 10 | 27 | 45 | 2 274 | 2.59 | 0.87 | 0.68 |
| 7 | 龙湖湿地 | 14 | 37 | 113 | 11 174 | 3.48 | 0.95 | 0.74 |
| 8 | 郑州之林公园 | 13 | 36 | 85 | 7 768 | 3.02 | 0.93 | 0.68 |
| 9 | 七里河公园沿河湿地 | 15 | 39 | 89 | 11 050 | 3.35 | 0.95 | 0.75 |
| 10 | 龙子湖 | 12 | 30 | 77 | 8 608 | 2.95 | 0.91 | 0.68 |
| 11 | 象湖湿地公园 | 15 | 37 | 111 | 20 248 | 3.34 | 0.94 | 0.71 |
4 郑州市城市湿地鸟类多样性与生境因子的逐步回归方程Stepwise regression analysis equations of bird diversity and habitat factors in urban wetland in Zhengzhou City |
| 多样性指数 | R2 | F | p | 回归方程 |
| 注:y表示多样性指数;x1~x4分别表示隔离度、生境类型的数量、建筑指数和样点数。 | ||||
| 物种丰富度 | 0.612 | 8.893 | <0.05 | y=-31.891+21.273x1+9.28x4 |
| Shannon-Wiener多样性指数 | 0.546 | 7.021 | <0.05 | y=3.335-0.002x3+0.053x4 |
| Simpson优势度指数 | 0.449 | 5.077 | <0.05 | y=0.816+0.013x2+0.006x4 |
| 优先指数 | 0.649 | 10.28 | <0.05 | y=3.996+7.381x1-0.101x3 |
本研究采用了部分郑州百人百鸟团鸟友尚瑞金、魏瑾等上传的观鸟记录中心鸟类调查数据,获得了河南省黄河流域小秦岭生态修复野外科学观测研究站提供的支持,在此一并表达诚挚的感谢。
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