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徐光远(1996—),吉林省白城人,博士研究生,从事湿地生态研究。E-mail: xugy127@nenu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2020-01-09
修回日期: 2020-07-09
网络出版日期: 2025-08-14
基金资助
国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2023YFF0806900)
国家自然科学基金项目(32241033)
国家自然科学基金项目(32071599)
版权
Effects of Rewetting on Soil Organic Carbon and Fe-bound Organic Carbon Contents of A Degraded Peatland: A Case Study of Baijinghe Peatland
Received date: 2020-01-09
Revised date: 2020-07-09
Online published: 2025-08-14
Copyright
作为陆地生态系统中重要的碳库之一,泥炭沼泽土壤碳的变化对全球碳平衡具有重要意义,土壤中的酶和铁是影响土壤有机质分解的重要因素。以长白山白江河泥炭沼泽为研究对象,于2021年4月,采集自然区、排水区和水位恢复区0~20 cm深度的土壤样品,测定其土壤理化性质、不同形态铁含量、土壤酶活性、土壤铁结合有机碳及土壤有机碳含量,阐明“酶闩”与“铁门”在泥炭沼泽土壤有机碳循环中的相对重要性,为退化泥炭沼泽恢复过程中的碳库管理工作提供数据支撑。研究结果表明,水位恢复2 a后,水位恢复区土壤pH升高,土壤全氮含量降低;土壤中Fe2+和络合态铁氧化物含量高于排水区,排水区土壤中Fe3+、无定型态铁氧化物和游离态铁氧化物含量都高于水位恢复区;0~5 cm深度土壤水解酶活性降低,氧化酶活性增高,而>5~20 cm深度土壤酶活性无明显变化规律,土壤酶活性主要受土壤全氮和铁含量的影响;总体上,水位恢复区土壤有机碳和铁结合有机碳含量高于排水区;水位恢复后,络合态铁氧化物含量升高,促进了铁结合有机碳含量的升高,但“铁门”机制并不是土壤有机碳变化的主要原因;土壤铁含量主要通过影响酶活性,进而使得“酶闩”机制在春季泥炭沼泽土壤有机碳变化中发挥重要作用。
徐光远 , 吴帆 , 王钰婷 , 董彦民 , 徐志伟 , 王升忠 . 复湿对退化泥炭沼泽土壤有机碳和铁结合有机碳含量的影响——以白江河泥炭沼泽为例[J]. 湿地科学, 2024 , 22(6) : 823 -833 . DOI: 10.13248/j.cnki.wetlandsci.2024.06.001
As one of the significant carbon pool within terrestrial ecosystems, changes in soil carbon in peatlands have considerable implications for the global carbon balance. Soil enzymes and iron are important substances which affect the decomposition of soil organic matter. This article focuses on the Baijianghe peatland as the research subject, with soil samples collected from the natural area, drained, and water level restoration area at depths of 0-20 cm in April 2021. Soil physical and chemical properties, different forms of iron contents, soil enzyme activity, iron contents, Fe-bound soil organic carbon, and soil organic carbon were measured. The aims of this study were to clarify the relative importance of ‘enzyme latch’ and ‘iron gate’ mechanisms in soil organic carbon cycling within peatlands and to provide a data foundation for carbon pool management during the restoration of degraded peatlands. The results showed that after two years of rewetting, soil pH increased but soil total nitrogen content decreased. Soil Fe2+ and pyrophosphate-extractable iron oxides (Fep) exhibited a trend where the restoration area surpassed the drained area. In contrast, the contents of soil Fe3+, oxalate-extractable iron oxides (Feo), and dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate-extractable iron oxides (Fed) demonstrated a trend of the drained area exceeding the restoration area.Soil hydrolytic activities of the 0-5 cm depth decreased but the oxidase activities increased after rewetting. However, the activities of soil enzymes in the 5-20 cm depth did not change uniformly. Changes in soil enzyme activities were mainly affected by soil total nitrogen and iron content. In general, soil organic carbon and Fe-bound soil organic carbon contents in the restoration area were higher than those in the drained area. After rewetting, soil pyrophosphate-extractable iron oxides content increased which was benefit for the increasing of Fe-bound soil organic carbon content. However, the 'iron gate' mechanism was not the main cause of soil organic carbon increasing after rewetting. Soil iron regulated soil organic carbon mainly through affecting enzyme activities. The ‘enzyme latch’ mechanism was found to play a crucial role in regulating soil organic carbon during the rewetting process of degraded peatlands in spring.
1 白江河泥炭沼泽0~20 cm深度土壤理化指标Physical and chemical indexes in the soil of 0-20 cm depth in Baijianghe peatland |
| 采样地 | 深度/cm | pH | 氧化还原电位/mV | 含水率/% | 全氮质量比/(g/kg) | 全磷质量比/(g/kg) | 碳氮比 | 水位/cm |
| 注:表中全氮和全磷含量数据为(平均值±标准误差),其右上角字母不同表示同一深度不同采样地土壤理化指标差异显著(n=12,p<0.05)。“—”表示未采集到样品,排水区>15~20 cm深度土壤在采样时处于冰冻状态,未采集到样品。 | ||||||||
| 自然区 | 0~5 | 4.95 | 172.00 | 90.47 | (14.34±0.01)c | (0.79±0.04)a | 21.37 | 2.10 |
| >5~10 | 4.96 | 182.56 | 92.49 | (16.34±0.00)c | (0.71±0.01)b | 17.72 | ||
| >10~15 | 5.11 | 170.00 | 89.30 | (17.52±0.01)c | (0.67±0.01)b | 16.26 | ||
| >15~20 | 5.24 | 142.00 | 87.66 | (22.87±0.18)a | (0.68±0.01)b | 13.53 | ||
| 排水区 | 0~5 | 4.77 | 230.00 | 80.10 | (19.74±0.02)a | (0.77±0.01)a | 13.16 | -18.16 |
| >5~10 | 4.77 | 222.00 | 80.85 | (23.15±0.03)a | (0.86±0.03)a | 12.54 | ||
| >10~15 | 4.93 | 226.80 | 83.29 | (24.35±0.01)a | (0.81±0.01)a | 13.53 | ||
| >15~20 | — | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| 水位恢复区 | 0~5 | 5.17 | 166.20 | 81.35 | (18.23±0.03)b | (0.78±0.03)a | 14.68 | -4.92 |
| >5~10 | 5.30 | 149.00 | 83.62 | (21.26±0.01)b | (0.85±0.03)a | 15.57 | ||
| >10~15 | 5.30 | 191.00 | 86.31 | (21.37±0.06)b | (0.80±0.00)a | 17.33 | ||
| >15~20 | 5.22 | 143.00 | 87.79 | (19.68±0.01)b | (0.73±0.02)a | 18.15 | ||
2 白江河泥炭沼泽0~20 cm深度土壤不同形态Fe含量变化Variations in iron content of 0-20 cm depth in Baijianghe peatland |
| 深度/cm | 采样地 | 全铁质量比/(g/kg) | Fe2+质量比/(g/kg) | Fe3+质量比/(g/kg) | 无定型态铁氧化物质量比/(g/kg) | 络合态铁氧化物质量比/(g/kg) | 游离态铁氧化物质量比/(g/kg) |
| 注:表中数据为(平均值±标准误差),右上角字母不同表示同一深度不同采样地土壤铁含量差异显著(n=3,p<0.05)。“—”表示未采集到样品,排水区>15~20 cm深度土壤在采样时处于冰冻状态,未采集到样品。 | |||||||
| 0~5 | 自然区 | (44.63±0.94)a | (8.92±1.70)a | (35.71±4.04)a | (12.84±0.03)b | (2.62±0.03)b | (37.14±3.04)a |
| 排水区 | (35.08±0.16)b | (0.93±0.47)c | (34.16±0.22)a | (13.13±0.04)a | (2.58±0.15)b | (25.52±0.27)b | |
| 水位恢复区 | (21.47±0.07)c | (5.13±0.93)b | (16.34±0.1)b | (12.68±0.11)c | (2.88±0.02)ab | (14.19±0.59)c | |
| >5~10 | 自然区 | (13.16±0.19)ab | (3.62±0.25)a | (9.55±0.27)c | (11.15±0.17)a | (2.71±0.05)c | (9.30±0.08)b |
| 排水区 | (12.86±0.88)b | (1.35±0.11)c | (11.51±6.64)a | (10.51±0.35)b | (2.80±0.02)b | (10.28±0.22)a | |
| 水位恢复区 | (13.34±0.81)c | (3.12±0.16)b | (10.22±5.66)b | (4.90±0.20)c | (2.88±0.02)a | (5.24±0.14)c | |
| >10~15 | 自然区 | (11.72±0.11)c | (3.77±0.32)a | (7.95±0.15)c | (6.68±0.03)a | (2.66±0.01)ab | (5.46±0.21)a |
| 排水区 | (18.44±0.15)a | (1.89±0.46)b | (16.55±0.22)a | (3.00±0.13)c | (2.56±0.09)b | (3.20±0.49)c | |
| 水位恢复区 | (13.88±0.86)b | (1.96±0.19)b | (11.92±11.31)b | (4.05±0.21)b | (2.78±0.14)a | (3.66±0.01)bc | |
| >15~20 | 自然区 | (9.86±0.27)a | (3.60±0.45)a | (6.26±0.38)a | (5.23±0.06)a | (2.63±0.01)b | (4.51±0.13)a |
| 排水区 | — | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 水位恢复区 | (6.64±0.12)b | (2.12±0.15)b | (4.51±0.17)b | (3.93±0.01)b | (2.76±0.05)a | (3.41±0.05)b | |
3 白江河泥炭沼泽0~20 cm深度土壤酶活性变化Variations in enzyme activities of 0-20 cm depth in Baijianghe peatland |
| 深度/cm | 采样地 | β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性/[103 nmol/(g·h)] | β-1,4-N-乙酰葡糖胺糖苷酶活性/[103 nmol/(g·h)] | 酸性磷酸酶活性/[103 nmol/(g·h)] | 多酚氧化酶活性/[103 nmol/(g·h)] | 过氧化物酶活性/[103 nmol/(g·h)] |
| 注:表中数据为(平均值±标准误差)。右上角字母不同表示同一深度不同采样地土壤酶活性差异显著(n=3,p<0.05)。“—”表示未采集到样品,排水区>15~20 cm深度土壤在采样时处于冰冻状态,未采集到样品。 | ||||||
| 0~5 | 自然区 | (489.49±151.15)b | (182.03±76.58)b | (6 919.22±1 788.80)a | (8.23±0.20)b | (13.85±0.80)a |
| 排水区 | (688.64±232.52)a | (273.44±53.06)a | (5 308.28±1 966.90)b | (0.69±0.07)c | (0.90±0.64)c | |
| 水位恢复区 | (248.75±8.41)c | (153.96±39.15)b | (3 667.36±1 428.37)c | (19.13±0.64)a | (6.85±2.55)b | |
| >5~10 | 自然区 | (710.50±200.20)a | (347.09±182.28)a | (7 307.57±2 151.94)a | (10.24±0.32)a | (7.76±1.28)a |
| 排水区 | (525.53±137.61)b | (285.26±58.37)b | (4 362.46±2 074.86)b | (0.88±0.08)b | (4.17±3.17)b | |
| 水位恢复区 | (510.82±196.50)b | (135.81±84.29)c | (4 484.02±1 443.31)b | (0.68±0.03)b | (0.88±0.10)c | |
| >10~15 | 自然区 | (829.56±98.82)c | (551.39±69.38)b | (3 851.19±733.38)a | (6.87±0.81)a | (8.45±3.25)a |
| 排水区 | (943.06±238.87)ab | (606.20±190.89)a | (1 999.50±604.12)c | (4.25±0.57)b | (1.20±2.30)c | |
| 水位恢复区 | (869.58±118.22)b | (391.48±36.24)c | (2 440.08±723.36)b | (0.51±0.08)c | (3.85±0.33)b | |
| >15~20 | 自然区 | (869.75±477.35)b | (1 372.39±158.17)a | (3 886.11±1 541.43)a | (1.49±0.10)b | (5.89±0.39)a |
| 排水区 | — | — | — | — | — | |
| 水位恢复区 | (1 617.27±377.08)a | (1 084.34±293.42)b | (3 124.54±558.57)b | (6.43±0.08)a | (2.19±0.31)b | |
1 白江河泥炭沼泽土壤酶活性影响因子重要性排序Importance ranking analysis of impact factors of soil enzyme activities in Baijianghe peatland |
4 白江河泥炭沼泽0~20 cm 深度土壤有机碳和铁结合有机碳含量变化Variations in the soil organic carbon and Fe-bound soil organic carbon contents of 0-20 cm depth in Baijianghe peatland |
| 深度/cm | 采样地 | 有机碳质量比/(g/kg) | 铁结合有机碳质量比/(g/kg) |
| 注:表中数据为(平均值±标准误差),右上角字母不同表示同一深度不同采样地土壤碳含量差异显著(n=3,p<0.05)。“—”表示未采集到样品,排水区>15~20 cm深度土壤在采样时处于冰冻状态,未采集到样品。 | |||
| 0~5 | 自然区 | (306.45±15.73)a | — |
| 排水区 | (259.73±6.04)b | (1.38±0.03)b | |
| 水位恢复区 | (267.59±2.24)b | (2.65±0.01)a | |
| >5~10 | 自然区 | (289.44±0.34)b | — |
| 排水区 | (290.40±8.00)b | (6.04±0.17)a | |
| 水位恢复区 | (331.00±0.77)a | (5.32±0.05)b | |
| >10~15 | 自然区 | (284.79±2.25)c | (0.20±0.01)c |
| 排水区 | (329.53±1.11)b | (2.84±0.01)b | |
| 水位恢复区 | (370.45±12.57)a | (3.84±0.15)a | |
| >15~20 | 自然区 | (309.39±34.18)b | (3.40±0.13)a |
| 排水区 | — | — | |
| 水位恢复区 | (357.11±2.14)a | (0.72±0.01)b | |
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