为了掌握河南开封柳园口省级湿地自然保护区中鸟类群落的多样性现状，分别于2019年9月至12月、2020年9月至12月、2021年3月至7月、2021年9月至2022年4月的每月中旬，采用样线法和样点法，在河南开封柳园口省级湿地自然保护区及其南侧10 km范围内的区域中，开展了野外鸟类调查，研究了湖泊湿地、河流湿地、农田和灌丛中鸟类群落的物种组成、种群数量、多样性和相似性。研究结果表明，调查期间，在研究区中，分布着18目48科174种鸟类，以雀形目鸟类占优势，古北界物种的数量最多，鸟类群落的种群总数量为82 983只，鸟类群落的优势物种包括豆雁(Anser fabalis)、绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)、灰鹤(Grus grus)、鸿雁(Anser cygnoid)、斑嘴鸭(Anas zonorhyncha)、麻雀(Passer montanus)、赤麻鸭(Tadorna ferruginea)、罗纹鸭(Mareca falcata)和白骨顶(Fulica atra)；在研究区的湖泊湿地、河流湿地、农田和灌丛中，分别记录了14目34科69种、16目40科117种、17目40科93种和16目34科75种鸟类，河流湿地和农田的鸟类物种丰富度水平较高，4种生境中鸟类群落组成的相似性水平较低；在该保护区中，分布着中国特有物种黄腹山雀(Parus venustulus)和白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)以及极危物种青头潜鸭(Aythya baeri)；建议在河南开封柳园口省级湿地自然保护区中的黄河沿岸滩涂和靠近黄河的湖泊湿地，建立鸟类保护与监测区，增加对豆雁、灰鹤、鸿雁、斑嘴鸭和赤麻鸭等指示物种的野外调查频次；在鸟类的繁殖期和越冬期，减少人类活动对鸟类的干扰。

In order to master the diversity status of bird communities in the Liuyuankou Provincial Wetland Nature Reserve and its south area in Kaifeng, Henan, the field bird surveys in the study area were conducted from September to December 2019, September to December 2020, March to July 2021, and from September to mid April 2022 using line transect and point sampling methods. The species composition, population quantity, diversity, and similarity of bird communities in lake wetlands, river wetlands, farmlands, and shrubs in the study area were studied. The results showed that during September 2019 and April 2022, there were 174 species of birds in 18 orders, 48 families, and 174 species in the study area; among them, Passerine birds were dominant, and the number of Palaearctic species was the largest. The total individual number of bird communities was 82 983. The dominant species in bird communities included Bean goose (Anser fabalis), Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Common Crane (Grus grus), Swan Goose (Anser cygnoid), Eastern Spot-billed Duck (Anas zonorhyncha), Sparrow (Passer montanus), Ruddy Shelduck (Tadorna ferruginea), Falcated Duck (Mareca falcata), and Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra). In the lake wetlands, river wetlands, farmlands, and shrubs of the study area, 69 species in 34 families of 14 orders, 117 species in 40 families of 16 orders, 93 species in 40 families of 17 orders, and 75 species in 34 families of 16 orders were recorded, respectively. The bird species richness levels in river wetlands and farmland were high, while the similarity level of bird community composition in 4 habitats was low. In study area, there were endemic Chinese species including the Yellow-bellied Tit (Parus venustulus) and the Chinese Bulbul (Pycnonotus sinensis), as well as the critically endangered species, the Baer’s Pochard (Aythya baeri). It is suggested to establish bird protection and monitoring areas in the mudflat along the Yellow River and the lake wetlands near the Yellow River in the study area, and increase the frequency of field investigation on the indicative species such as Bean goose, Common Crane, Swan Goose, Eastern Spot-billed Duck and Ruddy Shelduck; to reduce human interference with birds during their breeding and overwintering periods.

河南大学的卢训令副教授对本研究的数据分析工作给予了指导和帮助，张森同学对本研究的插图绘制工作给予了帮助，在此一并表示衷心感谢！