道路绿地植被对空气质量及热环境影响研究进展
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张诚/男/南京林业大学风景园林学院在读博士研究生/研究方向为园林植物应用与生态功能 |
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圣倩倩/女/博士/南京林业大学风景园林学院副教授/南京林业大学数字化创新设计研究中心副主任/国家林业和草原局“园林植物数字化应用与生态设计”国家级创新联盟副秘书长/研究方向为园林植物应用与生态功能 |
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祝遵凌/男/博士/南京林业大学艺术设计学院院长、教授/南京林业大学数字化创新设计研究中心主任/国家林业和草原局“园林植物数字化应用与生态设计”国家级创新联盟理事长/研究方向为园林植物栽培与应用、植物景观规划设计 |
Copy editor: 刘昱霏
收稿日期: 2025-09-15
修回日期: 2025-11-20
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
基金资助
国家自然科学基金“城市道路绿地植物叶际对交通NOx的吸收代谢机制及净化效应”(32471942)
版权
Research Progress on Road Greenspace Vegetation Effects on Air Quality and Thermal Environment
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ZHANG Cheng is a Ph.D. candidate in the School of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University. His research focuses on the application of landscape plants and their ecological functions |
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SHENG Qianqian, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the School of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, and the deputy director of the Digital Innovation Design Research Center at Nanjing Forestry University. She is also the deputy secretary-general of the National Innovation Alliance for “Digital Application of Landscape Plants and Ecological Design” under the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. Her research focuses on the application of landscape plants and their ecological functions |
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ZHU Zunling, Ph.D., is a professor and the dean of the School of Art and Design at Nanjing Forestry University, the director of the Digital Innovation Design Research Center at Nanjing Forestry University, the chairman of the National Innovation Alliance for “Digital Application of Landscape Plants and Ecological Design” under the National Forestry and Grassland Administration. His research focuses on the cultivation and application of landscape plants, and plant landscape planning and design |
Received date: 2025-09-15
Revised date: 2025-11-20
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
在全球气候变化与快速城市化双重压力下,热岛效应和空气污染已成为突出的城市环境问题。道路绿地植被作为绿色基础设施的重要组成部分,在遮阴降温、污染物沉降及局地气候调节方面具有显著潜力。然而,道路绿地植被生态效益的发挥,具有多维度和多机制的复杂性,需权衡其间的关系。
本研究从植被个体特征、植物群落特征以及环境背景3个维度构建综合分析框架,阐明道路绿地植被在改善空气质量与调节热环境中的协同与拮抗机制。
研究表明:1)道路绿地植被对空气质量及热环境的影响具有多维度特征,其作用效果由叶片微观形态到冠层宏观结构,再到群落配置的多级特征的综合作用决定;2)道路绿地植被在空气质量改善与热环境调节两类生态功能上存在内在机制冲突,需依据道路污染水平、风热环境及盛行气象条件进行多目标权衡,并通过精细化调控植被三维结构,协同提升空气质量与行人热舒适性;3)街道高宽比、朝向和风环境等环境背景是植被发挥生态效益的制约因素,道路绿地植被设计须遵循“因地制宜”原则,依据具体背景环境特征进行差异化配置。
未来应探索道路绿地植被三维空间形态的量化体系,融合多源监测与模拟技术,揭示植被结构对热效应与污染物扩散的复合影响机制,为可持续、多目标和综合型道路景观设计与生态宜居城市构建提供理论支撑。
张诚 , 圣倩倩 , 祝遵凌 . 道路绿地植被对空气质量及热环境影响研究进展[J]. 风景园林, 2026 , 33(1) : 47 -55 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.LA20250562
Under the dual pressures of global climate change and rapid urbanization, urban heat island effects and air pollution have become prominent environmental problems, severely affect public health and significantly reduce residents' quality of life. In this context, it is essential to take various measures to improve urban road air quality and thermal environment, such as controlling traffic emissions to reduce source pollution, optimizing urban ventilation design to promote pollutant dispersion and alleviate heat accumulation, setting physical barriers to block pollutant transmission, and rationally configuring vegetation to promote pollutant deposition and provide shading and cooling. Among these, the rational configuration of vegetation has been considered one of the feasible measures to significantly improve road air quality and thermal environment in the short term. However, previous studies have mostly focused on analyzing single ecological benefits, failing to fully reveal the complex coupling relationships between road greenspace vegetation’s improvement of air quality and regulation of thermal environments, as well as the inherent synergistic and antagonistic mechanisms. In particular, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on balancing multiple benefits, evaluating the comprehensive impacts of different vegetation configuration patterns, and understanding the interaction among environmental background factors.
This study constructed a comprehensive analytical framework from three dimensions: vegetation individual traits, community characteristics, and environmental background. It elucidated the synergistic and antagonistic mechanisms of road greenspace vegetation in improving air quality and regulating thermal environments, providing a theoretical basis for road space greening design to promote urban public health and the construction of sustainable living environments.
This study demonstrated that road greenspace vegetation had significant multidimensional effects on road environments, with various trade-offs and synergies. 1) Road greenspace vegetation had significant multidimensional effects and trade-offs on road environments. The realization of ecological benefits from vegetation was influenced by the combined effects of micro-scale leaf characteristics (such as epidermal wax, stomatal density, and trichome structure), macro-scale canopy structure (canopy width, leaf area), and community characteristics (stratified structure, planting density). There were complex interactions between different dimensional characteristics: for example, a high leaf area could enhance pollutant deposition and shading effects but might reduce canopy permeability, obstructing pollutant diffusion and leading to increased local pollutant concentrations. Similarly, a lower branch height could expand shading coverage but might inhibit near-surface air circulation, affecting thermal comfort. This cross-dimensional trade-off mechanism indicated that optimal vegetation configuration must be systematically and collaboratively optimized based on specific ecological benefit goals. 2) Road greenspace vegetation exhibited both synergistic and antagonistic effects in improving air quality and regulating thermal environments. High leaf area and high canopy closure vegetation could provide ample shading and transpiration cooling effects, thereby reducing air temperature and mean radiant temperature; however, effective pollutant diffusion required vegetation with appropriate porosity to ensure ventilation efficiency at pedestrian height, avoiding pollutant accumulation. Under ideal conditions, a well-structured stratified community could simultaneously achieve efficient pollutant reduction and effective thermal environment regulation. However, the mechanisms by which road greenspace vegetation improves air quality and regulates thermal environments were fundamentally different: high-density vegetation, while enhancing thermal comfort, tends to obstruct air flow, increase local pollution risks; whereas sparse vegetation configurations, although beneficial for pollutant diffusion, may weaken shading effects and transpiration cooling efficiency. Therefore, the vegetation configuration of road green spaces needed to be optimized based on road pollution levels, local microclimate characteristics, and prevailing meteorological conditions. By fine-tuning the three-dimensional structure of vegetation, air quality and thermal comfort could be enhanced in a synergistic manner. 3) Environmental background factors were critical boundary conditions that determined the effectiveness of vegetation ecological functions. The street aspect ratio determined the flow-field pattern and directly affected pollutant dispersion path; street orientation dictated the distribution of solar radiation and was a major factor influencing the spatial variation of thermal environments; wind field conditions govern the interaction processes between vegetation and the atmosphere. Therefore, vegetation configuration should be designed based on the specific spatial characteristics of the street.
Current studies have mostly focused on the impact of two-dimensional vegetation parameters on single environmental effects. Future research should develop a comprehensive quantification system for vegetation’s three-dimensional spatial morphology. Using technologies such as 3D laser scanning and stereophotogrammetric measurements to obtain canopy volume, leaf area density, and other spatial parameters, combined with computational simulation, will help reveal the coupling mechanisms between the three-dimensional spatial structure of road greenspace vegetation, pollutant dispersion, and heat radiation transfer. This will contribute to the development of a road greenspace vegetation design model based on spatial integrity. Furthermore, existing research has paid little attention to the interactive regulation mechanisms between road greenspace vegetation, air quality, and thermal environments. Most studies isolate the analysis of single environmental factors and fail to fully elucidate the synergistic effects of vegetation on the combined processes of pollution and heat. Future research should focus on simultaneous monitoring of canopy microclimates and spatiotemporal dynamics of multiple air pollutants, quantitatively analyzing the coupling relationship between thermal environment and pollution distribution under vegetation structure control, and exploring the synergistic and trade-off mechanisms in improving air quality and regulating thermal environments. This will provide a scientific basis for the creation of healthy and comfortable road space.
表1 植被个体特征、植被群落特征及环境背景对空气质量和热环境的综合影响Tab. 1 The combined effects of individual vegetation characteristics, community characteristics, and environmental context on air quality and thermal environment |
| 维度特征 | 指标 | 对空气质量的影响 | 对热环境的影响 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 大类 | 小类 | |||
| 注:+代表该指标对空气质量或热环境有正向影响;++代表该指标在同小类指标中对空气质量或热环境具有更高的正向效应;−代表该指标对空气质量或热环境具有负向影响;/代表该指标对空气质量或热环境的具体影响的效应不明确。 | ||||
| 植被个体特征 | 叶习性 | 常绿 | ++ | ++ |
| 落叶 | + | + | ||
| 叶片性状 | 阔叶 | ++ | ++ | |
| 针叶 | + | + | ||
| 植被高度 | 树高 | / | + | |
| 枝下高 | / | − | ||
| 树冠与叶量 | 树冠 | / | + | |
| 叶量 | / | + | ||
| 植被群落特征 | 群落结构 | 单层群落 | + | + |
| 复层群落 | ++ | ++ | ||
| 配置方式 | 单行种植 | / | + | |
| 双行种植 | / | ++ | ||
| 群落水平结构特征 | 植被覆盖率与郁闭度 | / | + | |
| 天空可视因子 | / | − | ||
| 群落立面结构特征 | 疏透度 | / | + | |
| 环境背景 | 街道形态 | 高宽比 | − | + |
| 街道朝向 | 东西向 | / | − | |
| 南北向 | / | + | ||
| 风 | 风速 | + | + | |
| 平行风 | ++ | ++ | ||
| 垂直风 | / | + | ||
文中图表均由作者绘制。
1、提出了一个涵盖植被个体特征、植被群落特征和环境背景的多维度综合分析框架,探讨了道路植被在改善空气质量和调节热环境中的复杂作用。该框架为理解道路绿地植被的多层次效益提供了理论依据。
2、分析了道路绿地植被在空气质量改善和热环境调节中的作用,提出通过优化植被三维结构(如冠层密度、叶面积等)来发挥更高的生态效益。特别是在平衡不同环境目标时,精细化的植被设计能够有效提升行人舒适度和区域空气质量。
3、强调了街道高宽比、朝向和风环境等背景要素对植被生态功能的影响,为道路绿地植被设计提供了更具针对性的理论依据。
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