苏南城镇碳汇空间时空演变与多情景模拟
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范凌云/女/博士/苏州科技大学建筑与城市规划学院教授/研究方向为城镇化、城乡生态规划 |
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汤宇轩/男/北京工业大学建筑与城市规划学院在读博士研究生/研究方向为城乡低碳规划与设计 |
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田永兵/男/硕士/郑州市规划勘测设计研究院有限公司助理规划师/研究方向为城乡低碳规划与设计 |
Copy editor: 刘昱霏
收稿日期: 2025-09-01
修回日期: 2025-12-11
网络出版日期: 2026-03-12
基金资助
2024年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(24YJAZH025)
江苏省第六期“333高层次人才培养工程”第二层次人才培养支持资金
江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX231699)
版权
Spatio-temporal Evolution Characteristics and Multi-scenario Simulation of Carbon Sink Spatial Patterns in Towns of Southern Jiangsu
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FAN Lingyun, Ph.D., is a professor in the School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Suzhou University of Science and Technology. Her research focuses on urbanization and urban-rural ecological planning |
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TANG Yuxuan is a Ph.D. candidate in the School of of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Technology. His research focuses on low-carbon planning and design for urban and rural areas |
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TIAN Yongbing, Master, is an assistant planner in Zhengzhou Urban Planning, Survey & Design Research Institute Co., Ltd. His research focuses on low-carbon planning and design for urban and rural areas |
Received date: 2025-09-01
Revised date: 2025-12-11
Online published: 2026-03-12
Copyright
为保护并优化高度城镇化地区的碳汇空间,有必要系统研究其时空演变特征及规律。
本研究聚焦苏南地区“城镇尺度”的碳汇空间,在研究其时空演变特征的基础上,结合斑块生成土地利用变化模拟(patch-generating land use simulation, PLUS)模型和聚类分析法研判不同城镇综合响应状态,并提出差异化的碳汇空间管控策略。
1)2000—2020年苏南地区碳汇空间面积大幅减少,减少区域高度集中于高价值碳汇空间。碳汇空间格局在城镇尺度上未因城镇化而全面瓦解,表现出较强的稳定性。2)通过对自然增长情景、碳汇保护情景、碳汇强化情景3种情景的模拟,发现加大碳汇空间保护力度能够实现高质量碳汇空间扩张,但需要警惕生态功能单一化风险,避免盲目追求“高碳汇系数”。3)在3种模拟情景下,大部分城镇碳汇空间结构较稳定,建议通过存量挖潜与功能置换等方式优化碳汇空间;而部分敏感型城镇则呈现差异化演变路径,需根据其具体风险类型,实施更具针对性的管控策略。
快速城镇化地区碳汇空间面积虽然呈现缩减趋势,但在城镇尺度表现出稳定性与敏感性共存的特征。这一特性可通过多情景模拟研判,从而为制定差异化的城镇碳汇空间管控策略提供科学依据。
范凌云 , 汤宇轩 , 田永兵 . 苏南城镇碳汇空间时空演变与多情景模拟[J]. 风景园林, 2026 , 33(1) : 23 -33 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.LA20250528
Collaboratively promoting carbon reduction, pollution reduction, green expansion, and growth, while maintaining national ecological security, has become a key focus area in national strategic planning in recent years. However, rapid urbanization has compressed carbon sink spaces such as forest land and grassland, leading to a significant decline in environmental quality and soil carbon sink capacity. Currently, existing research on carbon sink spaces is limited, and it is mostly concentrated on regional scales with superior ecological environments and rich vegetation cover. Research on rapidly urbanizing areas with poor carbon sink backgrounds is relatively scarce. Therefore, analyzing the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of carbon sinks in highly urbanized areas with weak carbon sink backgrounds and conducting multi scenario simulation analysis. To provide a basis for optimizing the spatial layout of the country and formulating differentiated carbon sink enhancement strategies, thus contributing to maintaining regional ecological security and achieving high-quality development.
This study focuses on southern Jiangsu region, where urbanization is predominant and carbon sink spaces face intense competition with construction spaces. At the township scale, the carbon sink space is analyzed and classified using specific criteria. The PLUS (patch-generating land use simulation) model is used to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of carbon sink space from 2000 to 2020, and proposes differentiated strategies based on simulation results of various future development scenarios.
This study focuses on the town carbon sink space in rapidly urbanizing areas, revealing that the evolution of carbon sink space in rapidly urbanizing areas is the result of the combined effects of natural factors, policy interventions, and town development stages. It has important theoretical and practical value for optimizing the national spatial pattern and achieving carbon neutrality goals, providing scientific support for the green transformation of new urbanization in developed areas. The research indicates four results. 1) From 2000 to 2020, the loss of carbon sink spaces in southern Jiangsu region was not uniform but highly concentrated in high-value carbon sink areas. 2) The structure of carbon sink spaces in southern Jiangsu region at the town scale did not completely disintegrate due to urbanization; instead, it demonstrated remarkable stability. 3) Simulation results show that different intensities of carbon sink protection measures can promote the expansion of high-quality carbon sink spaces. However, a "carbon sink enhancement scenario" is not necessarily optimal. The pursuit of a "high carbon sink coefficient" alone should be avoided, and the risk of ecological function simplification needs to be guarded against. 4) Towns in southern Jiangsu region can be categorized into three types: those with high carbon sink capacity, high carbon sink potential, and high construction intensity. Most towns have maintained their original carbon sink spatial structure characteristics under three simulated scenarios, and in the future, they can focus on exploring the potential of existing space to protect and optimize carbon sink space. For sensitive town types—those with easily fluctuating carbon sink quality, those prone to carbon sink function degradation, and those with clearly degraded carbon sink functions—more targeted strategies should be implemented based on the specific risk types.
Through multi scenario simulation, the evolution patterns of future urban carbon sink spaces can be analyzed and predicted, offering references for the protection and optimization of urban carbon sink spaces in rapidly urbanizing areas. This study can scientifically analyze the dynamic evolution laws of regional carbon sink space, explore the optimization path and has significant theoretical and practical value for optimizing territorial spatial patterns and achieving carbon neutrality goals, thus providing scientific support for the green transformation of new urbanization. This method can be widely applied to similar studies on town ecological space planning related to carbon sink enhancement, and helps other cities, especially those with rapid urbanization, to achieve coordinated and sustainable development of ecological environment and economy.
| 分类代码 | 土地利用类型 | 碳汇过程 | 净碳汇系数/tC·km−2·a−1 | 碳汇空间类型 | 参考来源 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 | 水田 | 植被净生态 系统生产力 | 6.70 | 一类碳汇空间 | [24][25] |
| 12 | 旱地 | 6.70 | 二类碳汇空间 | [26] | |
| 21 | 有林地 | 植被净生态 系统生产力 | 87.00 | 一类碳汇空间 | [27][28] |
| 22 | 灌木林 | 23.00 | |||
| 23 | 疏林地 | 58.00 | |||
| 24 | 其他林地 | 23.27 | |||
| 31 | 高覆盖度草地 | 植被净生态 系统生产力 | 13.80 | 一类碳汇空间 | |
| 32 | 中覆盖度草地 | 4.60 | 二类碳汇空间 | ||
| 33 | 低覆盖度草地 | 2.10 | 二类碳汇空间 | ||
| 41 | 河渠 | 碳吸收 | 67.10 | 二类碳汇空间 | [29][30][31][32] |
| 42 | 湖泊 | 30.30 | |||
| 43 | 水库坑塘 | 30.30 | |||
| 44 | 滩涂 | 235.62 | |||
| 45 | 滩地 | 56.70 | |||
| 51 | 城镇用地 | 碳排放 | 0.00 | 建设用地空间 | 无 |
| 52 | 农村居民点 | 0.00 | |||
| 53 | 其他建设用地 | 0.00 | |||
| 61 | 盐碱地 | 碳吸收 | 0.05 | 三类碳汇空间 | [33][34] |
| 62 | 沼泽地 | 0.05 | |||
| 63 | 裸土地 | 0.05 | |||
| 64 | 裸岩石质地 | 0.05 |
表2 土地利用模拟驱动因子Tab. 2 Driving factors of land use simulation |
| 数据类型 | 数据代码 | 数据名称 |
|---|---|---|
| 自然因子 | A_1 | 高程 |
| A_2 | 坡度 | |
| A_3 | 坡向 | |
| A_4 | 年均降水量 | |
| A_5 | 年平均气温 | |
| A_6 | 土壤质地 | |
| 社会因子 | B_1 | 高速公路 |
| B_2 | 一级道路 | |
| B_3 | 二级道路 | |
| B_4 | 三级道路 | |
| B_5 | 四级道路 | |
| B_6 | 镇政府、街道办 | |
| B_7 | 农村居民点 | |
| B_8 | 水面 | |
| 经济因子 | C_1 | GDP |
| C_2 | 人口密度 | |
| C_3 | 夜间灯光 |
表3 Markov模型预测的碳汇空间规模Tab. 3 Markov model predicted carbon sink spatial scale |
| 情景 | 年份 | 一类碳汇空间 | 二类碳汇空间 | 三类碳汇空间 | 建设用地空间 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基准情景 | 2020年 | 12 727.91 | 7 902.65 | 73.65 | 7 416.51 |
| 自然增长情景 | 2030年 | 12 224.29 | 7 689.30 | 70.50 | 8 136.62 |
| 碳汇保护情景 | 2030年 | 12 751.54 | 7 938.28 | 70.66 | 7 360.24 |
| 碳汇强化情景 | 2030年 | 12 813.64 | 8 039.25 | 63.86 | 7 203.97 |
表4 碳汇空间不同发展情景下邻域因子权重参数Tab. 4 Neighborhood factor weight parameters under different development scenarios of carbon sink space |
| 情景 | 一类碳汇空间 | 二类碳汇空间 | 三类碳汇空间 | 建设用地空间 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 自然增长情景 | 0.10 | 0.25 | 0.42 | 0.90 |
| 碳汇保护情景 | 0.87 | 0.90 | 0.58 | 0.10 |
| 碳汇强化情景 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.57 | 0.74 |
表5 苏南城镇碳汇空间结构特征聚类结果Tab. 5 Cluster results of carbon sink spatial structure characteristics in southern Jiangsu towns |
| 碳汇空间特征 | 碳汇空间类型 | 占总面积的平均百分比/% | 解释 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 高碳汇能力特征 | 一类碳汇空间 | 58.94 | 一类碳汇空间的面积占城镇总面积比例较大,具有较高的碳汇能力 |
| 二类碳汇空间 | 13.60 | ||
| 三类碳汇空间 | 0.50 | ||
| 建设用地空间 | 26.96 | ||
| 高碳汇潜力特征 | 一类碳汇空间 | 33.63 | 二类碳汇空间的面积占城镇总面积比例较大,有较好的生态环境,碳汇潜力较大,同时兼具一定的碳汇功能 |
| 二类碳汇空间 | 45.97 | ||
| 三类碳汇空间 | 0.11 | ||
| 建设用地空间 | 20.29 | ||
| 高建设强度特征 | 一类碳汇空间 | 11.84 | 建设用地空间的面积占城镇总面积比例较大,城镇化水平较高 |
| 二类碳汇空间 | 7.75 | ||
| 三类碳汇空间 | 0.05 | ||
| 建设用地空间 | 80.36 |
表6 2000—2020年碳汇空间转移矩阵Tab. 6 Spatial transfer matrix of carbon sinks from 2000 to 2020 |
| 碳汇空间类型 | 空间转移面积 | 2000年面积总计 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 一类碳汇 | 二类碳汇 | 三类碳汇 | 建设用地 | ||
| 一类碳汇 | 12 290.45 | 633.77 | 41.72 | 3 100.42 | 16 066.36 |
| 二类碳汇 | 232.36 | 7 206.06 | 11.26 | 668.68 | 8 118.35 |
| 三类碳汇 | 1.47 | 0.82 | 9.51 | 1.16 | 12.96 |
| 建设用地 | 203.62 | 62.01 | 11.17 | 3 646.24 | 3 923.04 |
| 2020年面积总计 | 12 727.91 | 7 902.65 | 73.65 | 7 416.51 | 28 120.72 |
图4 2000年、2010年和2020年苏南城镇各类碳汇空间分布情况Fig. 4 Spatial distribution of various carbon sinks in towns of southern Jiangsu in 2000, 2010, and 2020 |
图7 2030年不同发展情景下1号区域碳汇空间模拟图Fig. 7 Spatial simulation map of carbon sink in zone 1 under different development scenarios in 2030 |
表7 苏南地区碳汇空间多情景模拟结果Tab. 7 Multi-scenario simulation results for carbon sink space in southern Jiangsu region |
| 模拟情景 | 年份 | 一类碳汇空间面积 | 二类碳汇空间面积 | 三类碳汇空间面积 | 建设用地空间面积 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 基准情景 | 2020年 | 12 727.91 | 7 902.65 | 73.65 | 7 416.51 |
| 自然增长情景 | 2030年 | 12 163.85 | 7 787.76 | 71.39 | 8 097.72 |
| 碳汇保护情景 | 2030年 | 12 751.10 | 7 937.93 | 69.16 | 7 362.53 |
| 碳汇强化情景 | 2030年 | 13 228.18 | 7 217.61 | 66.11 | 7 608.82 |
图11 稳定型城镇和3类敏感型城镇空间分布情况Fig. 11 Spatial distribution of stable towns and three types of sensitive towns |
表8 碳汇敏感型城镇及街道Tab. 8 Carbon sink sensitive towns and streets |
| 碳汇敏感类型 | 城镇及街道名称 |
|---|---|
| 碳汇质量易波动型 | 别桥镇、薛埠镇、直溪镇、竹箦镇、梅李镇、西渚镇、周铁镇、白兔镇谷里街道、洪蓝街道、江浦街道、禄口街道、桥林街道、石湫街道、永宁街道 |
| 碳汇功能易退化型 | 罗溪镇、牛塘镇、天目湖镇、薛家镇、城厢镇、浒墅关镇、木渎镇、盛泽镇、渭塘镇、胥口镇、杨舍镇、周市镇、胡埭镇、华士镇、新桥镇、周庄镇(江阴市)、春江街道、东城街道、溧城街道、南夏墅街道、板桥街道、顶山街道、葛塘街道、龙池街道、秣陵街道、麒麟街道、铁心桥街道、西善桥街道、柘塘街道、白洋湾街道、北河泾街道、安镇街道、城东街道、华庄街道、前洲街道、荣巷街道、硕放街道、夏港街道、宜城街道(宜兴市)、长安街道、谏壁街道、界牌镇、宜城街道(丹徒区) |
| 碳汇功能恶化型 | 董浜镇、东山街道、古雄街道、蠡湖街道 |
文中图表均由作者绘制,
1、聚焦快速城镇化地区整体生态系统的碳汇空间,揭示了城镇尺度各类碳汇空间的异质性演变特征。
2、基于“自然延续—保护优先—功能强化”的逻辑思路,运用PLUS模型进行多情景模拟,研判不同城镇碳汇空间的综合响应状态。
3、识别碳汇稳定型和敏感型城镇,提出差异化的城镇碳汇空间管控策略,为快速城镇化地区城镇绿色可持续发展提供借鉴参考。
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