协调与偏好:山地城市公园聚集性空间青年人群视听感知
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胡长涓/女/博士/重庆大学建筑城规学院助理研究员/研究方向为历史公园评价、历史街区复兴 |
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宫聪/男/博士/重庆大学建筑城规学院副教授/研究方向为城市公共空间感知 |
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龙灏/男/博士/重庆大学建筑城规学院教授、建筑系主任/研究方向为医疗建筑与疗愈环境 |
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杨昕雨/女/重庆大学建筑城规学院在读硕士研究生/研究方向为城市公共空间感知 |
Copy editor:
收稿日期: 2024-01-20
修回日期: 2024-06-06
网络出版日期: 2025-12-17
基金资助
国家自然科学基金青年项目“基于‘活态-原真’关联协同的历史街区存量资源适应性再生研究”(52308008)
国家自然科学基金青年项目“等立视角下绿色基础设施与山地社区公共空间的多向耦合与互惠规划研究”(51908078)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“基于区域资源视角的协同效率机制下医养结合型养老社区医疗功能空间配置研究”(52078072)
中国博士后基金“活态原真价值引导下历史街区存量资源评价机制研究”(2023M730408)
国家重点研发计划“碳目标约束下的城区多系统耦合规划减碳关键技术研究”(2022YFE0208700)
版权
Coordination and Preference: Research on the Audio-Visual Perception of Young People of Gathering Space in Mountain City Parks
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HU Changjuan, Ph.D., is an assistant research fellow in the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University. Her research focuses on historic park evaluation, and historic district renewal |
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GONG Cong, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University. His research focuses on perception of urban public space |
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LONG Hao, Ph.D., is a professor and director of the Department of Architecture in the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University. His research focuses on healthcare architecture and healing environment |
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YANG Xinyu is a master student in the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University. Her research focuses on perception of urban public space |
Received date: 2024-01-20
Revised date: 2024-06-06
Online published: 2025-12-17
Copyright
随着城市更新进入“品质提升”与“人本健康”阶段,基于视听感知评价的景观设计成为满足青年群体复杂需求的重要方法。山地城市公园中的聚集性空间承载着当地的人地关系,为满足青年群体的视听感知需求,探究其视景、声景偏好与空间要素,评价聚集性空间的视听感知协调度,以及视听感知与满意度相关性,对山地公园视景、声景营造与环境品质提升具有重要价值。
以重庆市渝中区枇杷山公园和鹅岭公园的5类聚集性空间作为研究对象,通过视声景调研与空间实测,选取12个视觉感知指标与10个听觉感知指标,形成问卷评价量表,采用主成分分析、Spearman相关性分析和多元线性回归分析,探索青年群体的视听感知协调度,以及各视听感知维度对视景、声景满意度,各类聚集性空间环境满意度与公园整体环境满意度的影响。
2个公园视景与声景总体协调,不同类型山地聚集性空间的视听感知评价结果具有较大差异,影响公园视景、声景,各类空间环境和公园整体环境满意度的指标各不相同。
在揭示山地城市公园环境感知与满意度评价主要影响因素的基础上,提出综合环境品质的提升策略:营造兼顾视听偏好的山地聚集性空间、构建视景与声景协调的山地场所序列、基于环境满意度进行因地制宜的设计。以期为山地城市公园的视景、声景营造和环境品质提升提供参考。
胡长涓 , 宫聪 , 龙灏 , 杨昕雨 . 协调与偏好:山地城市公园聚集性空间青年人群视听感知[J]. 风景园林, 2024 , 31(7) : 20 -29 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202401200052
As urban renewal enters the stage of “quality improvement” and “human-centred health”, traditional park design strategies can no longer satisfy people’s requirements for environmental quality improvement of parks, and guiding landscape design through audio-visual perception evaluation has become an important method to meet the complex needs of young people. Mountain city parks are rich in sensory information, and the gathering space is the place where the human-land relationship in mountain city parks is concretely presented. However, in mountain city parks, how residents perceive different types of gathering spaces, the preference of residents for visual and acoustic spatial elements, and the correlation between the evaluation of audio-visual perception and the satisfaction with various types of gathering spaces need to be further studied. This research aims to, in combination with the audio-visual preference and audio-visual coordination of young people in gathering spaces of mountain city parks, the evaluation of the correlation between audio-visual perception and satisfaction (including the satisfaction with visual and acoustic landscape, satisfaction with the environment of gathering spaces, and overall satisfaction with park environment), and the integration between the preference of young people for visual and acoustic landscape and relevant spatial elements, guide the implementation of the strategy for comprehensive improvement of environmental quality, and explore how the complex relationship between acoustic landscape, visual landscape and environmental satisfaction can be addressed in mountain city parks.
Taking 5 types of gathering spaces in Pipa Mountain Park and Eling Park in Yuzhong District, Chongqing as the research object, this research, through combining audio-visual walk survey with spatial measurement, selects 22 audio-visual perception indicators, and establishes a questionnaire evaluation scale. Based on the investigation of the environmental characteristics and the semi-structural interviews of residents, the research selects and integrates the perception indicators widely applicable to landscape assessment and design to form 12 visual perception indicators adapted to mountain parks, among which naturalness, openness, diversity and accessibility are the four indicators with the most characteristic dimensions of mountain landscape. The selection of auditory perception indicators follows the standard dimensions, and the selected indicators are combined with the most mountainous dimensions (diversity and naturalness) to form 10 dimensions of auditory perception. The research presents data analysis and results through multi-level and multi-dimensional technical path. On the basis of reliability and validity test, frequency count analysis is used to explore audio-visual preference and audio-visual interaction. Principal component analysis, Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression methods are used to explore the influence of each dimension on the audio-visual satisfaction, satisfaction with environment of gathering spaces, and overall satisfaction with park environment.
The evaluation statistics and audio-visual coordination analysis show that the audio-visual perception evaluation of different types of gathering spaces has its own characteristics, and the visual landscape and acoustic landscape of the two parks are general coordinated. The analysis of the correlation between audio-visual perception and the satisfaction with the environment of gathering spaces shows that the indicators affecting the satisfaction with various types of spatial environments are different. The most distinctive space in mountain parks involves 4 relevant perception dimensions. Specifically, important nodes and path platforms are significantly correlated with the accessibility dimension; important nodes and path platforms are significantly correlated with the naturalness and diversity dimensions in both parks; path platforms, boundaries and important nodes are all significantly correlated with the openness dimension. The analysis of the correlation between the overall audio-visual perception and the overall environmental satisfaction shows that the naturalness dimension has a certain influence on the overall environmental satisfaction and the satisfaction with visual and acoustic landscape.
On the basis of revealing the main influencing factors of environmental perception and satisfaction evaluation of mountain city parks, this research refines the focus of audio-visual environment creation in mountain city parks. Combined with the characteristics of mountainous terrain, the research proposes the optimization strategies for youth-friendly spatial elements. Moreover, the research proposes relevant strategies for construction of youth-friendly order in mountain spaces, with a view to creating an organized and logical mountain space order by incorporating multi-dimensional spatial characteristics, enhancing spatial guidance, and improving the memorability of the environment. The research also proposes local adaptation strategies, emphasizing that the advantages of mountain space should be reasonably utilized to create satisfactory audio-visual landscape, and the needs of young people should be taken into account and the acoustic and visual environment elements be optimized to evoke residents’ memory of local cultural lineage. These strategies can provide theoretical basis and practical ideas for construction of acoustic and visual landscape and comprehensive improvement of environmental quality of mountain city parks.
表1 山地城市公园视听感知评价体系[4, 23, 25-37]Table 1 Evaluation system for audio-visual perception of mountain city parks[4, 23, 25-37] |
| 维度 | 指标 | 释义 |
| 注:*为能够反映山地景观特色的指标。 | ||
| 视觉感知 | 自然性[25]* | 多高差环境视景中自然要素的占比 |
| 开阔度[25]* | 山地视环境能够营造开敞空间和瞭望空间的程度 | |
| 多样性[26]* | 山地视环境景观立体层次的丰富度 | |
| 庇护性[26] | 视环境具有步行安全性与人身安全性(安全度),树木郁闭度高或有建筑遮阴(郁闭度) | |
| 社交性[27] | 视环境能够促进人与人的社会活动 | |
| 文化性[28] | 景观环境包含文化建筑与构筑物,或含有历史信息与要素 | |
| 美观性[29] | 视环境具有一定的美感度 | |
| 舒适性[30] | 视环境整体具有一定的舒适性,利于舒缓压力 | |
| 秩序性[30] | 景观元素是有序的,而不是杂乱的 | |
| 可达性[31]* | 景观空间具有一定的视线可达性与步行可达性:与道路接口较多且可识别、距出入口近、到达该处高差较小 | |
| 可识别性[23, 32] | 景观环境具有一定的可识别性和记忆点,而不是毫无特征的 | |
| 功能性[4, 23] | 景观空间能够提供适用的娱乐健身设施、完善的休憩服务设施与基础服务设施 | |
| 听觉感知 | 愉悦性[33-34] | 声环境是使人心情愉悦的 |
| 恼人性[33] | 声环境是使人烦躁不安的 | |
| 静谧性[33] | 声环境是静谧宁静的 | |
| 无序性[26, 33] | 声环境是混乱无序的 | |
| 活力性[35] | 声环境是充满生机与活力的 | |
| 单调性[33] | 声环境是单调乏味的 | |
| 事件性[33, 36] | 声环境中有重要事件发生 | |
| 无事件性[33, 36] | 声环境中没有重要事件发生 | |
| 自然性[37]* | 多高差环境的声景中的自然声占比 | |
| 多样性[26]* | 立体声环境层次丰富多样,而不是单调或冗杂的 | |
图3 5类聚集性空间中被试者的视景类型偏好(3-1)与声景类型偏好(3-2)Fig. 3 Types of visual landscape (3-1) and acoustic landscape (3-2) preferred by the subjects in five types of gathering spaces |
表2 视听觉感知与视声景满意度相关性计算结果Tab. 2 Results of correlation between audio-visual perception and visual landscape satisfaction |
| 维度 | 指标 | 入口平台 | 路径平台 | 重要节点 | 瞭望边界 | 制高点 | 均值 | 相关性排序 | |||||||||
| 均值 | 相关 系数 | 均值 | 相关 系数 | 均值 | 相关 系数 | 均值 | 相关 系数 | 均值 | 相关 系数 | ||||||||
| 注:*表示在0.05级别(双尾)相关性显著;**表示在0.01级别(双尾)相关性显著。 | |||||||||||||||||
| 视觉感知与视景满意度 | 舒适性 | 0.88 | 0.72** | 1.46 | 0.69** | 1.67 | 0.65** | 1.50 | 0.39** | 1.85 | 0.67** | 1.47 | 1 | ||||
| 多样性 | 0.76 | 0.59** | 1.36 | 0.55** | 1.52 | 0.37** | 1.41 | 0.46** | 1.79 | 0.42** | 1.37 | 2 | |||||
| 开阔度 | 1.46 | 0.14 | 1.39 | 0.13 | 1.17 | −0.02 | 1.40 | 0.00 | 1.25 | 0.08 | 1.33 | 3 | |||||
| 美观性 | 0.55 | 0.65** | 1.34 | 0.67** | 1.54 | 0.67** | 1.27 | 0.59** | 1.86 | 0.71** | 1.31 | 4 | |||||
| 庇护性 | 0.86 | 0.34** | 1.29 | 0.41** | 1.67 | 0.47** | 1.48 | 0.32** | 1.23 | 0.28** | 1.30 | 5 | |||||
| 社交性 | 0.68 | 0.53** | 1.42 | 0.46** | 1.40 | 0.36** | 1.38 | 0.29** | 1.25 | 0.41** | 1.22 | 6 | |||||
| 可识别性 | 0.00 | 0.44** | 1.38 | 0.50** | 1.41 | 0.43** | 1.22 | 0.42** | 1.93 | 0.37** | 1.19 | 7 | |||||
| 秩序性 | 0.74 | 0.42** | 1.32 | 0.43** | 1.44 | 0.43** | 1.09 | 0.31** | 1.20 | 0.35** | 1.08 | 8 | |||||
| 自然性 | 1.07 | 0.41** | 1.16 | 0.36** | 1.25 | 0.15 | 1.10 | 0.22* | 0.84 | 0.41** | 1.08 | 9 | |||||
| 可达性 | 1.19 | 0.00 | 0.65 | 0.35** | 0.52 | 0.10 | 1.07 | 0.00 | 1.52 | 0.06 | 0.99 | 10 | |||||
| 文化性 | −0.59 | 0.48** | 0.68 | 0.10 | 0.82 | 0.31** | 0.16 | 0.14 | 1.39 | 0.24** | 0.49 | 11 | |||||
| 功能性 | −0.13 | 0.30** | 0.89 | 0.02 | 0.60 | 0.25** | 0.58 | 0.14 | 0.25 | 0.26* | 0.44 | 12 | |||||
| 听觉感知与声景满意度 | 多样性 | 0.25 | 0.62** | 0.72 | 0.62** | 0.71 | 0.37** | 0.48 | 0.48** | 0.29 | 0.55** | 0.49 | 1 | ||||
| 愉悦性 | 0.10 | 0.87** | 0.38 | 0.82** | 1.02 | 0.72** | 0.59 | 0.68** | 0.22 | 0.82** | 0.46 | 2 | |||||
| 活力性 | 0.32 | 0.64** | 0.66 | 0.53** | 0.44 | 0.29** | 0.57 | 0.33** | 0.07 | 0.45** | 0.41 | 3 | |||||
| 无序性 | 0.24 | −0.66** | 0.28 | −0.63** | −0.71 | −0.47** | −0.02 | −0.32** | 0.12 | −0.49** | −0.02 | 4 | |||||
| 事件性 | −0.28 | 0.44** | 0.23 | 0.30** | 0.19 | 0.23** | 0.07 | 0.30** | −0.30 | 0.26** | −0.02 | 5 | |||||
| 无事件性 | 0.05 | −0.19 | −0.18 | -0.07 | −0.11 | −0.11 | −0.09 | −0.19 | 0.14 | −0.05 | −0.04 | 6 | |||||
| 恼人性 | 0.06 | −0.75** | −0.15 | −0.72** | −0.80 | −0.51** | −0.27 | −0.40** | −0.02 | −0.67** | −0.24 | 7 | |||||
| 单调性 | −0.33 | −0.60** | −0.40 | −0.23* | −0.35 | −0.26** | −0.35 | −0.19 | −0.16 | −0.20 | −0.32 | 8 | |||||
| 自然性 | −0.30 | 0.76** | 0.03 | 0.69** | −0.12 | 0.29** | −0.56 | 0.43** | −1.05 | 0.58** | −0.40 | 9 | |||||
| 静谧性 | −0.74 | 0.69** | −0.45 | 0.60** | 0.27 | 0.34** | −0.45 | 0.22* | −0.74 | 0.54** | −0.42 | 10 | |||||
文中图表均由作者绘制。
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