韧性乡村视角下农业景观布局理论框架
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杨亚东/男/博士/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所研究员/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室成员/研究方向为农业区域布局、绿色发展 |
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杜娅婷/女/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所在读博士研究生/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室成员/研究方向为农业区域发展 |
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杜歆仪/女/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所在读硕士研究生/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室成员/研究方向为农业区域发展 |
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张艺佳/女/中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所在读硕士研究生/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室成员/研究方向为农村发展 |
Copy editor: 王一兰
收稿日期: 2024-02-21
修回日期: 2024-10-21
网络出版日期: 2025-12-16
版权
Theoretical Framework for Agricultural Landscape Layout from the Perspective of Resilient Rural Area
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YANG Yadong, Ph.D., is a research fellow in the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, and a member of the State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China. His research focuses on agricultural regional layout and green development |
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DU Yating is a Ph.D. candidate in the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, and a member of the State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China. Her research focuses on agricultural regional development |
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DU Xinyi is a master student in the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, and a member of the State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China. Her research focuses on agricultural regional development |
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ZHANG Yijia is a master student in the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, CAAS, and a member of the State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China. Her research focuses on rural development |
Received date: 2024-02-21
Revised date: 2024-10-21
Online published: 2025-12-16
Copyright
乡村发展抗逆响应持续受到社会各界关注,韧性乡村视角下农业景观如何布局成为亟待研究的问题。
应用系统分析方法,以“结构—过程—功能”为分析框架,多角度分析农业景观对外部环境变化的时空响应,多维度解析农业景观系统韧性强化作用。
外部环境的长期干扰和短期冲击导致农业景观结构经历了整体性的重构,表现为结构功能级联化、斑块构造破碎化、要素组成同质化、视觉感知精准化以及时空演替多样化等多重特征。农业景观结构与乡村系统抵御、适应和转型能力等具有密切联系。据此提出以生物多样性、过程可持续、功能复合化、发展绿色化为指导的景观布局策略,以实现优化生态过程、改善景观功能、促进服务协同,将人类活动对景观演化的影响导入良性循环,持续服务乡村韧性提升。
杨亚东 , 杜娅婷 , 杜歆仪 , 张艺佳 . 韧性乡村视角下农业景观布局理论框架[J]. 风景园林, 2024 , 31(12) : 33 -39 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202402210098
In the context of globalization, industrialization, informatization, and urbanization, rural areas worldwide are undergoing profound transformations. While developed countries have experienced urbanization and counter-urbanization, rural areas in developing countries face challenges such as population outmigration, inefficient land use, and environmental degradation. In view of this, it is essential to build resilient rural systems that can withstand external shocks. Agricultural landscapes, shaped by human-nature interactions, play a crucial role in supporting ecosystems, food security, and biodiversity. This research aims to develop an integrated framework for optimizing agricultural landscape layouts to enhance rural resilience, focusing on biodiversity conservation, process sustainability, functional integration, and green development. By addressing both environmental and socio-economic factors, the research offers actionable strategies for landscape planners, policymakers, and rural development practitioners.
A system analysis approach is applied. The research adopts a “structure – process – function” analytical framework to examine the temporal and spatial responses of agricultural landscapes to external environmental changes. Multi-dimensional aspects of landscape resilience are explored, including the landscape’s capability to resist, adapt to, and transform external pressures. The research also proposes landscape layout strategies to enhance system resilience.
The research finds that agricultural landscapes have undergone significant restructuring under both long-term disturbances and short-term shocks. Long-term pressures such as climate change, globalization, and urbanization result in the fragmentation and homogenization of agricultural landscapes, while short-term shocks, such as natural disasters or market fluctuations, lead to more immediate and sometimes irreversible changes. These structural shifts highlight the intricate connection between agricultural landscapes and the resilience of human – land coupling systems. Agricultural landscapes play a pivotal role in regulating the flow of materials, energy, nutrients, and species, all of which are essential for the long-term functioning of rural ecosystems. Therefore, optimizing agricultural landscape layout is key to improving system resilience. By adopting targeted strategies, landscapes can be better equipped to withstand external pressures while maintaining core functions such as food production, biodiversity conservation, and socio-cultural continuity. The research proposes four key strategies for enhancing resilience. 1) Biodiversity strategy: Prioritizes habitat restoration and protection by creating ecological corridors and promoting diversified farming systems, such as intercropping, crop rotation, and agroforestry. 2) Process sustainability strategy: Focus on improving the sustainability of nutrient flows, soil quality, and hydrological processes. The research suggests optimizing landscape layouts by incorporating elements such as wetlands, ecological islands, and buffer zones, which help regulate water flow and nutrient distribution. 3) Functional integration strategy: Recognize that modern agricultural landscapes must fulfill multiple roles, including food production, recreation, cultural preservation, and ecological conservation. The research advocates for the construction of multifunctional hubs and networks that integrate these functions within a single landscape. 4) Green development strategy: Integrate natural ecological processes with sustainable agricultural practices. This strategy focuses on reducing environmental costs and resource inputs by promoting green agricultural techniques such as organic farming, reduced fertilizer use, and water-saving irrigation methods. The strategy applies at multiple scales, from large-scale ecosystems involving mountains, rivers, forests, and farmlands, to small-scale sustainable intensification of agricultural fields.
表1 韧性乡村视角下农业景观布局策略Tab. 1 Strategies for agricultural landscape layout from the perspective of resilient rural area |
| 策略 | 核心理念 | 角度 | |
| 生物多样性 | 保护和营造 多元生境 | 生物过程 | 过程 |
| 过程可持续 | 景观连接度; 景观异质性; 非农生境营造 | 非生物过程 | |
| 功能复合化 | 枢纽构造; 廊道串联; 功能嵌入 | 功能空间叠合 | 功能 |
| 绿色发展 | 大尺度多元 景观要素; 小尺度绿色 基础设施 | 功能多尺度耦合 | |
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