基于“辨识—解构—保护”的城市再野化机遇空间探索——以四川天府新区直管区为例
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金晓东/女/重庆大学建筑城规学院在读硕士研究生/研究方向为城市再野化与城市生物多样性 |
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冯黎/女/硕士/成都市公园城市建设发展研究院风景园林二所所长、高级工程师/研究方向为公园城市生态、风景园林规划设计 |
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游奉溢/女/硕士/朴草(重庆)生态环境科技有限公司中级工程师/研究方向为城市生态与景观设计 |
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袁嘉/男/博士/重庆大学建筑城规学院副教授、博士生导师/重庆大学山地城镇建设与新技术教育部重点实验室固定研究人员/三峡库区消落区生态修复与治理研究中心研究人员/研究方向为生态景观设计、生态修复与生物多样性保育 |
Copy editor: 刘昱霏
收稿日期: 2024-06-22
修回日期: 2024-09-18
网络出版日期: 2025-12-16
基金资助
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“山地城市水敏性区域草本植物群落适应性设计研究”(编号51808065);重庆大学横向科研自然科学类项目“四川天府新区生物多样性专题规划研究”(H20230009)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“乡村景观中小微湿地网络及其调控机理研究”(编号52178031);国家自然科学基金重点项目“宜居城乡景观生态规划理论与方法——以西南山地为例”(52238003)
版权
Exploring Urban Rewilding Opportunity Spaces Through Identification, Deconstruction and Conservation: A Case Study of the Direct Administration Zone of Tianfu New Area, Sichuan
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JIN Xiaodong is a master student in the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University. Her research focuses on urban rewilding and urban biodiversity |
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FENG Li, Master, is director of the Second Institute of Landscape Architecture, Chengdu Park City Construction & Development Research Institute. Her research focuses on park city ecology, and landscape planning and design |
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YOU Fengyi, Master, is an intermediate engineer in Pucao (Chongqing) Ecological Environment Technology Co., Ltd. Her research focuses on urban ecology and landscape design |
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YUAN Jia, Ph.D. is an associate professor and doctoral supervisor in the Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, a permanent research fellow in the Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, and a research fellow in the Research Center for Ecological Restoration and Governance of Water Level Fluctuation Zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. His research focuses on ecological landscape design, and ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation |
Received date: 2024-06-22
Revised date: 2024-09-18
Online published: 2025-12-16
Copyright
城市再野化旨在通过限制人类干扰,将城市生态系统逐步归还自然,以恢复其结构、功能和自我调节能力。识别由自然过程主导、具备野性保育或创造新野性潜力的再野化机遇空间,是启动城市再野化过程的关键;而理解这些空间的分布规律与生态特征则成为当前城市再野化研究的核心挑战。
整合土地利用、地形、人口密度等多源数据,提取空间异质性、生物多样性及人类干扰等关键因子,采用熵权法计算城市再野化机遇指数(urban rewilding opportunity index, UROI),并结合ArcGIS 10.8软件构建区域尺度的定量分析框架,以四川天府新区直管区为例,识别城市再野化机遇空间(urban rewilding opportunity spaces, UROS)并分析其分布规律与生态特征。
研究区内超半数的城市再野化机遇空间为面积小于900 m2的小微空间。UROI高值空间集中于空间异质性高、保留原生植被的龙泉山山地和生态修复后的兴隆湖湿地等区域。UROI较高值空间位于受城镇开发和农业活动影响的浅丘地带,呈农田-林地-湿地复合特征。UROI中值空间多为闲置未利用地,尽管生物多样性水平不及UROI高值空间,但因人类干扰少,具备重要的生态缓冲功能和野性提升潜力。
城市再野化机遇空间通常空间异质性较高,以自生植物为主,具备较为稳定的生态系统自我调节能力。建立UROI高值空间的分级保护区,合理干预和提升UROI较高值和中值空间的异质性,并采取“善意忽视策略”,减少人类干扰,有助于促进城市野性恢复与城市生态系统的可持续发展。
金晓东 , 冯黎 , 游奉溢 , 袁嘉 . 基于“辨识—解构—保护”的城市再野化机遇空间探索——以四川天府新区直管区为例[J]. 风景园林, 2024 , 31(11) : 22 -30 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202406220337
Urbanization has caused significant habitat loss, threatening biodiversity and socio-ecological sustainability. Urban rewilding is increasingly seen as key to restoring natural processes and fostering self-sustaining urban ecosystems by reducing human interference or applying moderate restoration techniques to guide urban areas toward a more natural, uncultivated state. Despite its benefits, substantial gaps remain in identifying suitable areas for rewilding, understanding their spatial characteristics, and developing effective conservation strategies.
This research introduces the concept of urban rewilding opportunity spaces (UROS) to identify and assess areas suitable for urban rewilding. UROS refers to urban spaces that either already possess wild characteristics in need of protection or have the potential to develop new urban wildness. A comprehensive quantitative and spatial analysis framework is developed to identify UROS within the Direct Administration Zone of Tianfu New Area. This framework integrates multi-source data, including data on land use, topography, population density, buildings, and roads, and employs advanced quantitative methods such as neural network, InVEST model, inverse distance weighting interpolation, and the entropy weight method. These methods are used to extract key influencing factors — spatial heterogeneity, biodiversity, human interference, which are critical for urban rewilding processes. The urban rewilding opportunity index (UROI) is calculated by weighting and summing relevant indicators, and the spatial distribution of UROS is mapped using ArcGIS 10.8.
The UROI is classified into five categories using the natural breaks classification method: High (UROI≥0.628), relatively high (0.628>UROI≥0.451), moderate (0.451>UROI≥0.302), relatively low (0.302>UROI≥0.145), and low (UROI<0.145). Areas with UROI≥0.302 are designated as UROS. Areas with high UROI value cover an area of approximately 48.48 km², representing 8.68% of the research area, with 1,932 patches smaller than or equal to 900 m² in area, accounting for 56.26% of these high-value spaces. Areas with relatively high UROI value cover an area of 75.25 km², or 13.47% of the research area, with 5,549 patches under 900 m² in area, comprising 55.54% of this category. Areas with moderate UROI value cover an area of 101.71 km², with 10,986 patches under 900 m² in area, making up 56.67% of this category. The findings indicate that over half of the UROS within the research area are small patches with an area less than or equal to 900 m². Areas with high UROI value are primarily located in regions with minimal human interference, high spatial heterogeneity, and significant spontaneous vegetation, such as Longquan Mountain, the Luxi River corridor, and the ecologically restored Xinglong Lake wetland. Moderate-value UROS, covering a larger area, are typically found at the edges of areas with high or relatively high UROI value or within urban built-up areas, including grasslands, forestlands, wetlands, long-term unused or abandoned lands, and farmlands with semi-natural habitats, which are more susceptible to human impact.
This research establishes a quantitative framework to identify UROS and explores their distribution and ecological characteristics in Tianfu New Area. The findings underscore the need for systematic conservation of areas with high UROI value through the establishment of core protection zones, ecological buffer zones, and sustainable use zones. For areas with relatively high or moderate UROI value, enhancing habitat heterogeneity through targeted interventions is essential, while sustainable development should follow a “benign neglect” strategy to allow natural processes to dominate, thereby fostering biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. The research not only provides a scientific basis for identifying UROS but also offers theoretical support for further research on the dynamic balance and self-regulation mechanisms of urban ecosystems. Future research should delve deeper into the interactions between spatial heterogeneity, biodiversity, and human disturbance across various scales, and optimize the strategies for ecological design and management of urban rewilding processes to promote the sustainable development of urban ecosystems. Future research should examine the interactions between spatial heterogeneity, biodiversity, and human disturbance across scales, optimizing ecological design and management strategies for sustainable urban rewilding. Key focus areas include: 1) Simulation and prediction: Leverage 3S technologies, simulations, and field monitoring to model factors and processes affecting UROS. 2) Spontaneous plant dynamics: Monitor UROS evolution, focusing on spontaneous plant dynamics — key drivers of rewilding — at both population and community levels. 3) System dynamics modeling: Develop models to evaluate UROS responses to environmental pressures and management strategies, thereby uncovering mechanisms of wildness and biodiversity restoration.
表1 威胁因子的最大影响距离和权重Tab. 1 Maximum influence distance and weight of threat factors |
| 威胁因子 | 衰退方式 | 最大影响距离/km | 权重 |
| 农田 | 线型 | 0.4 | 0.6 |
| 建设用地 | 指数型 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
表2 不同土地利用类型的生境适宜度及对威胁因子的敏感度Tab. 2 Habitat suitability of different land use types and their sensitivity to threat factors |
| 土地利用类型 | 生境适宜度 | 敏感度 | |
| 农田 | 建设用地 | ||
| 农田 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| 林地 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.4 |
| 草地 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
| 未利用地 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.5 |
| 建设用地 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 水体 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
表3 城市再野化机遇空间评价指标权重Tab. 3 Evaluation indicators and weights of UROS |
| 标准 | 要素 | 指标 | 权重 | 性质 |
| 注:“性质”表示各个指标与城市再野化机遇的相关关系,其中“+”代表正相关,“-”代表负相关。 | ||||
| 生物多样性 | 生境质量指数 | 生境质量 | 0.503 990 334 | + |
| 空间异质性 | 地形起伏度 | 地形起伏度 | 0.176 227 739 | + |
| 人类干扰 | 人类干扰强度 | 人口密度 | 0.077 587 255 | - |
| 建筑密度 | 0.057 635 544 | - | ||
| 路网密度 | 0.056 908 794 | - | ||
| 与人工构筑物的距离 | 可达性 | 0.127 650 334 | + | |
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