北京市中心城区综合公园开放共享适宜度评价
|
李程/男/北京林业大学园林学院在读博士研究生/研究方向为园林绿化技术管理 |
|
殷炜达/男/博士/北京林业大学园林学院副教授/研究方向为城市绿地系统规划 |
|
陈睿儿/女/北京林业大学学士/天津大学建筑学院在读硕士研究生/研究方向为历史文化遗产保护与更新 |
|
马宇嘉/女/北京林业大学学士/伦敦大学学院巴特莱特高级空间分析中心在读硕士研究生/研究方向为城乡规划与城市空间科学 |
Copy editor: 边紫琳
收稿日期: 2023-12-13
修回日期: 2024-09-28
网络出版日期: 2025-12-16
版权
Evaluation of Opening and Sharing Suitability of Comprehensive Parks in the Central Urban Area of Beijing
|
LI Cheng is a Ph.D. candidate in the School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University. His research focuses on landscape greening technology management |
|
YIN Weida, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University. His research focuses on urban green space system planning |
|
CHEN Ruier gained her bachelor degree in Beijing Forestry University, is a master student in the School of Architecture, Tianjin University. Her research focuses on protection and renewal of historical and cultural heritage |
|
MA Yujia gained her bachelor degree in Beijing Forestry University, is a master student in the Bartlett Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London. Her research focuses on urban and rural planning, and urban spatial science |
Received date: 2023-12-13
Revised date: 2024-09-28
Online published: 2025-12-16
Copyright
随着中国进入后疫情时代,人们对在大型户外空间进行露营、野餐等集体休闲活动愈发热情与向往,构建针对城市综合公园开放共享适宜度的评价体系,可为住房和城乡建设部在全国开展的城市公园绿地开放共享试点工作提供参考。
以北京市中心城区的44个综合公园为例,通过调研量化分析影响综合公园开放共享的主要因素,包括公园可达性、周边兴趣点(point of interest, POI)功能密度、周边POI功能混合度3个外部建成环境指标,以及公园人流量、公园人均绿地空间、可开展活动丰富度3个内部属性指标,并运用熵权TOPSIS模型赋予各指标权重。
综合计算得出各综合公园的开放共享适宜度,其中17个公园适合立即开放共享,22个公园需要延缓开放共享,5个公园暂不适合开放共享。
在多维指标的影响下,公园开放共享适宜度与城市功能分区之间呈现出较强的相关性,公园可达性、公园人均绿地空间2个指标对公园开放共享适宜度影响较大,该结论可为城市公园可持续发展战略的制定提供参考。
李程 , 殷炜达 , 陈睿儿 , 马宇嘉 . 北京市中心城区综合公园开放共享适宜度评价[J]. 风景园林, 2024 , 31(11) : 112 -119 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202312130561
As we enter a post-epidemic era, it appears that more and more people are finding solace in outdoor leisure activities such as camping and picnics. Responding to this trend, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has launched a program for pilot opening and sharing of city parks and green spaces across the country. The central urban area of Beijing is a relatively densely populated and functionally rich urban area in China, and the distribution of parks shows a trend of gradual increase from the center outwards, but the current status of scattered distribution and single function of the parks will impose certain limitations on urban space in the future. This research analyzes comprehensive parks in the central urban area of Beijing to determine their suitability for opening and sharing.
The research defines opening and sharing suitability and identifies six factors influencing the opening and sharing suitability of parks, including three built environment factors — park accessibility, and functional density and functional mixing degree of points of interest (POI), and three internal attribute factors — degree of crowd concentration, green space per capita, and available activities in parks. In the research, the entropy-weighted method is used to calculate the information entropy and information utility value of each evaluation factor and the weights of the six factors. Then the data corresponding to the six factors of each park are processed and the individual scores of each park are obtained, and the individual items are weighted and added together to obtain the value of opening and sharing suitability. Finally, the opening and sharing suitability of each park is ranked and the parks are classified according to the trend of data distribution into three categories: Parks suitable for immediate opening and sharing, parks requiring delayed opening and sharing, and parks unsuitable for opening and sharing. The geospatial landing of these parks was carried out according to the types, the parks were analyzed holistically and conclusions were drawn.
The research discovers that there are 17 parks suitable for immediate opening and sharing such as Chaoyang Park, Olympic Forest Park, and Qingfeng Park, 22 parks requiring delayed opening and sharing such as Shuangxiu Park, Haidian Park, and Bagou Mountain Park, and 5 parks unsuitable for opening and sharing such as Beijing Xuanwu Garden, and Yongdingmen Park. The analysis results also reflect the geographical distribution of these parks with different opening and sharing suitability, with parks suitable for immediate opening and sharing concentrated in the northeastern part of Beijing, centrally located between the 3rd and 5th Ring Roads within Chaoyang District, while parks requiring delayed opening and sharing and those unsuitable for opening and sharing are mainly located in the central southern part of Beijing.
In conclusion, opening and sharing is an inevitable trend of future city development, a scientific and systematic evaluation system is a prerequisite for good opening and sharing and a basis for future development, and the construction of opening and sharing parks is also an important guide for sustainable city development. Moreover, based on the entropy weighted TOPSIS model, the weights for the six factors in this research are more scientific, revealing the significant correlation between opening and sharing suitability and urban functional zoning. Among the built environment factors, park accessibility has the greatest impact on park opening and sharing, and among internal attribute factors, park green space per capita has the greatest impact on park opening and sharing. The comprehensive analysis reveals that, the parks suitable for immediate opening and sharing are located in areas adjacent to Beijing’s ring roads and transport hubs, and in areas with diverse and mixed functions, as well as better construction conditions and higher popularity. Under the influence of multi-dimensional factors, the opening and sharing suitability shows strong correlation with urban functional zoning, which also provides a data reference for identifying the areas that are the first to carry out the pilot opening and sharing of parks. These findings also offer a new perspective on the problems in setting weights in the park examination work, that is, using the entropy weighted TOPSIS model for weight calculation to make the weights more scientific. At the same time, the research also provides a new direction for the future development of comprehensive parks, that is, what kind of parks have the potential for sustainable city development, and what kind of parks are more satisfying to the needs of people. In addition to these directions, the research also points out the development ways of parks, such as how to choose the location of the parks to be constructed, what to be constructed in the parks may make parks more human-friendly, and how to build parks to meet the needs of various activities.
表1 北京市中心城区综合公园可开展的活动类型Tab. 1 Categories of available activities in comprehensive parks in the central urban area of Beijing |
| 类型 | 特点 | 具体活动 |
| 自然观光类 | 依托公园的天文、地理、动植物等资源开展的活动,具有很强的时间和空间属性 | 观夜景、看日出日落、河(湖)滨戏水、赏花草、赏叶、观鸟、赏鱼等 |
| 休闲娱乐类 | 居民在周末、节假日等时间以公园为载体开展的各类休闲娱乐活动,具有很强的自发性 | 儿童无动力游乐设施、玩沙、玩水、摄影、航拍、个人拍照打卡、阅读、露营野餐、戏水、放风筝、团建、表演、写生、求婚、相亲、直播、遛宠、下棋、散步、钓鱼等 |
| 户外运动类 | 一般在开阔、设施齐全的公园内开展,参与者有相对固定的群体和圈层,包括休闲娱乐活动和日常健身运动等 | 乒乓球、足球、羽毛球、网球、篮球、飞盘、滑板、攀岩、赛艇、轮滑、民族舞、拉丁舞、街舞、毽子、广场舞、健身器械类、太极、跑步、骑行、瑜伽、武术、健身操等 |
| 公园文化类 | 政府和相关机构为丰富公园的场景提供各种平台,开展多样的公园主题活动,涵盖丰富的活动类型 | 草地音乐会、戏曲表演、主题科普讲座、公益专题宣传展览、植物导赏、儿童景观自然教育、摄影、书画展、艺术展、集体婚礼、舞龙、花市等 |
| 配套运营项目 | 具有一定商业性质,以服务于居民为主要目的 | 轻餐饮、摩天轮、儿童游乐设施、户外集市、游乐场、嘉年华、划船等 |
表2 北京市中心城区综合公园开放共享适宜度评价指标权重Tab. 2 Weights of indicators for evaluating the opening and sharing suitability of comprehensive parks in the central urban area of Beijing |
| 指标类型 | 权重 | 指标 | 权重 |
| 公园外部建成环境 | 公园可达性 | ||
| 周边POI功能密度 | |||
| 周边POI功能混合度 | |||
| 公园内部属性 | 公园人流量 | ||
| 公园人均绿地空间 | |||
| 可开展活动丰富度 |
表3 北京市中心城区综合公园开放共享适宜度计算结果Tab. 3 Calculation results of opening and sharing suitability of comprehensive parks in the central urban area of Beijing |
| 所在区域 | 综合公园 | 开放共享适宜度 | 建议 |
| 东城区 | 青年湖公园 | 0.027 7 | 适合立即开放共享 |
| 龙潭公园 | 0.027 0 | ||
| 柳荫公园 | 0.026 4 | ||
| 龙潭中湖公园 | 0.026 0 | ||
| 龙潭西湖公园 | 0.020 8 | 延缓开放共享 | |
| 永定门公园(东城) | 0.016 8 | ||
| 西城区 | 人定湖公园 | 0.023 8 | 适合立即开放共享 |
| 双秀公园 | 0.022 4 | 延缓开放共享 | |
| 北滨河公园 | 0.021 9 | ||
| 白云叠翠公园 | 0.021 8 | ||
| 宣武艺园 | 0.019 2 | ||
| 万寿公园 | 0.019 0 | ||
| 永定门公园(西城) | 0.018 6 | ||
| 金中都公园 | 0.017 2 | ||
| 朝阳区 | 奥林匹克森林公园 | 0.044 9 | 适合立即开放共享 |
| 朝阳公园 | 0.048 1 | ||
| 庆丰公园 | 0.036 6 | ||
| 将府郊野公园(一至三期) | 0.032 9 | ||
| 团结湖公园 | 0.029 9 | ||
| 兴隆公园 | 0.029 4 | ||
| 大望京公园 | 0.028 0 | ||
| 红领巾公园 | 0.026 2 | ||
| 望和公园 | 0.025 2 | ||
| 古塔公园 | 0.023 2 | 延缓开放共享 | |
| 四得公园 | 0.022 0 | ||
| 温榆河公园(朝阳) | 0.021 2 | ||
| 将府公园(四期) | 0.021 1 | ||
| 北小河公园 | 0.019 1 | ||
| 海淀区 | 百旺公园 | 0.025 3 | 适合立即开放共享 |
| 马甸公园 | 0.024 7 | ||
| 西小口公园 | 0.024 5 | ||
| 温泉公园 | 0.021 7 | 延缓开放共享 | |
| 海淀公园 | 0.021 3 | ||
| 玲珑公园 | 0.020 5 | ||
| 巴沟山水园 | 0.019 6 | ||
| 长春健身园 | 0.019 0 | ||
| 北坞公园 | 0.017 5 | ||
| 荷清园公园 | 0.014 8 | 暂不适合开放共享 | |
| 丰台区 | 万芳亭公园 | 0.021 1 | 延缓开放共享 |
| 丰台花园 | 0.015 0 | 暂不适合开放共享 | |
| 东高地公园 | 0.005 7 | ||
| 南苑公园 | 0.004 5 | ||
| 石景山区 | 新安城市记忆公园 | 0.019 9 | 延缓开放共享 |
| 小青山公园 | 0.008 7 | 暂不适合开放共享 |
文中图表均由作者绘制,其中图1依照北京市园林绿化局公开的公园分类名录绘制,北京市中心城区行政边界来源于2024版北京市行政区域界线基础地理底图,审图号:京S(2024)032号。
| [1] |
王小保, 胡洁斯, 许海南. 绿地共享背景下城市绿色公共空间活力再生探讨[J]. 中外建筑, 2023, 30 (11): 32-36
WANG X B, HU J S, XU H N. Discussion on Urban Green Public Space Vitality Regeneration Under the Background of Green Space Sharing[J]. Chinese & Overseas Architecture, 2023, 30 (11): 32-36.
|
| [2] |
住房和城乡建设部办公厅.住房和城乡建设部办公厅关于开展城市公园绿地开放共享试点工作的通知[EB/OL].(2023-01-31)[2023-12-13]. https://www.mohurd.gov.cn/gongkai/zhengce/zhengcefilelib/202302/20230206_770204.html.
Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development. Notice from the General Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development on Launching Pilot Projects for Open and Shared Urban Parks and Green Spaces[EB/OL]. (2023-01-31)[2023-12-13]. https://www.mohurd.gov.cn/gongkai/zhengce/zhengcefilelib/202302/20230206_770204.html.
|
| [3] |
HANSEN R, OLAFSSON A S, VAN DER JAGT A P N, et al. Planning Multifunctional Green Infrastructure for Compact Cities: What Is the State of Practice?[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2019, 96: 99-110.
|
| [4] |
KHOMENKO S, NIEUWENHUIJSEN M, AMBRÒS A, et al. Is a Liveable City a Healthy City? Health Impacts of Urban and Transport Planning in Vienna, Austria[J]. Environmental Research, 2020, 183: 109238.
|
| [5] |
JUHOLA S. Planning for a Green City: The Green Factor Tool[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2018, 34: 254-258.
|
| [6] |
董启迪.基于开放数据的成都市城市公园空间活力研究[D].雅安: 四川农业大学, 2019.
DONG Q D. Study on Spatial Vitality of Urban Parks in Chengdu Based on Open Data[D]. Ya’an: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2019.
|
| [7] |
富婷婷, 张浪, 郑思俊, 等. 上海市单位附属绿地空间特征与开放共享适宜性分析研究[J]. 园林, 2023, 40 (7): 14-22
FU T T, ZHANG L, ZHENG S J, et al. The Analysis on the Spatial Characteristics and Openness Suitability of Unit Attached Green Space in Shanghai[J]. Landscape Architecture Academic Journal, 2023, 40 (7): 14-22.
|
| [8] |
崔叙, 范莉. 基于景观指数分析的成都市公园绿地与房价的相关性[J]. 中国城市林业, 2023, 21 (3): 68-73
CUI X, FAN L. Correlation Between Park Green Space and Housing Price in Chengdu City Based on Landscape Index Analysis[J]. Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry, 2023, 21 (3): 68-73.
|
| [9] |
张俊子, 叶建生, 方毅, 等. 绿色建筑、公园等因素对房价及物业费的影响: 以新加坡私人住宅市场为例[J]. 建筑与文化, 2023, 21 (5): 27-30
ZHANG J Z, YE J S, FANG Y, et al. The Impact of Green Buildings and Parks on Housing Prices and Maintenance Fees: Evidence from the Private Housing Market in Singapore[J]. Architecture & Culture, 2023, 21 (5): 27-30.
|
| [10] |
张玲玲, 滕雨婷, 胡晓淼, 等. 郑州市综合性公园边界空间活力研究[J]. 河南农业大学学报, 2023, 57 (5): 813-825
ZHANG L L, TENG Y T, HU X M, et al. Research on the Vitality of the Boundary Spaces of Comprehensive Parks in Zhengzhou[J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural University, 2023, 57 (5): 813-825.
|
| [11] |
王佳峰.武汉市口袋公园人群行为特征及空间环境影响因素研究[D].武汉: 华中科技大学, 2022.
WANG J F. Research on Characteristics of Crowd Behavior in Pocket Park and Influencing Factors of Space Environment in Wuhan[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 2022.
|
| [12] |
罗梦麟.基于时空地理加权回归模型的滨江空间活力影响因素探究: 以上海黄浦江滨江空间为例[D].南京: 东南大学, 2022.
LUO M L. Exploratory Analysis of Vitality Influencing Factors in Riverside Space Based on GTWR Model[D]. Nanjing: Southeast University, 2022.
|
| [13] |
马婕, 成玉宁. 基于集群智能行为模拟与空间句法分析的城市公园优化设计研究[J]. 中国园林, 2021, 37 (4): 69-74
MA J, CHENG Y N. Research on Optimization of Urban Park Design Based on Swarm Intelligent Simulation and Spatial Syntax Analysis[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2021, 37 (4): 69-74.
|
| [14] |
曹贤忠, 曾刚. 基于熵权TOPSIS法的经济技术开发区产业转型升级模式选择研究: 以芜湖市为例[J]. 经济地理, 2014, 34 (4): 13-18
CAO X Z, ZENG G. The Mode of Transformation and Upgrading Based on the Methods of Entropy Weight and TOPSIS in Case of Wuhu Economic and Technological Development Zone[J]. Economic Geography, 2014, 34 (4): 13-18.
|
| [15] |
程钰, 任建兰, 崔昊, 等. 基于熵权TOPSIS法和三维结构下的区域发展模式: 以山东省为例[J]. 经济地理, 2012, 32 (6): 27-31
CHENG Y, REN J L, CUI H, et al. A Research Using Entropy: Topsis Method on Regional Development Modes in Perspective of the Three-Dimensional Framework a Case Study of Shandong Province[J]. Economic Geography, 2012, 32 (6): 27-31.
|
| [16] |
杜挺, 谢贤健, 梁海艳, 等. 基于熵权TOPSIS和GIS的重庆市县域经济综合评价及空间分析[J]. 经济地理, 2014, 34 (6): 40-47
DU T, XIE X J, LIANG H Y, et al. County Economy Comprehensive Evaluation and Spatial Analysis in Chongqing City Based on Entropy Weight-TOPSIS and GIS[J]. Economic Geography, 2014, 34 (6): 40-47.
|
| [17] |
雷勋平, 邱广华. 基于熵权TOPSIS模型的区域资源环境承载力评价实证研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 2016, 36 (1): 314-323
LEI X P, QIU G H. Empirical Study About the Carrying Capacity Evaluation of Regional Resources and Environment Based on Entropy-Weight TOPSIS Model[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2016, 36 (1): 314-323.
|
| [18] |
任亮, 张海涛, 魏明珠, 等. 基于熵权TOPSIS模型的智慧城市发展水平评价研究[J]. 情报理论与实践, 2019, 42 (7): 113-118,125
REN L, ZHANG H T, WEI M Z, et al. Research on the Evaluation of Development Level of Smart City Based on Entropy TOPSIS Model[J]. Information Studies: Theory & Application, 2019, 42 (7): 113-118,125.
|
| [19] |
李政, 何伟, 潘洪义, 等. 基于熵权TOPSIS法与ARIMA模型的四川省耕地生态安全动态预测预警[J]. 水土保持研究, 2018, 25 (3): 217-223
LI Z, HE W, PAN H Y, et al. Dynamic Prediction and Early Warning of Cultivated Land Ecological Security in Sichuan Province Based on Improved TOPSIS Method and ARIMA Model[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2018, 25 (3): 217-223.
|
| [20] |
孙才志, 吴永杰, 刘文新. 基于熵权TOPSIS法的大连市水贫困评价及障碍因子分析[J]. 水资源保护, 2017, 33 (4): 1-8
SUN C Z, WU Y J, LIU W X. Application of TOPSIS Method Based on Entropy Weight to Water Poverty Evaluation and Obstacle Indicator Diagnoses for Dalian City[J]. Water Resources Protection, 2017, 33 (4): 1-8.
|
| [21] |
雷勋平, Robin Qiu, 刘勇. 基于熵权TOPSIS模型的区域土地利用绩效评价及障碍因子诊断[J]. 农业工程学报, 2016, 32 (13): 243-253
LEI X P, QIU R, LIU Y. Evaluation of Regional Land Use Performance Based on Entropy TOPSIS Model and Diagnosis of Its Obstacle Factors[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2016, 32 (13): 243-253.
|
| [22] |
王恺乐, 熊永兰. 成渝地区双城经济圈科技创新中心建设研究[J]. 科技与经济, 2023, 36 (6): 41-45
WANG K L, XIONG Y L. Research on the Construction of Science and Technology Innovation Center in Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle[J]. Science & Technology and Economy, 2023, 36 (6): 41-45.
|
| [23] |
李帅涛. 基于组合赋权TOPSIS法的城市活力评价与影响机制研究: 以黄石市中心城区为例[D].黄石: 湖北师范大学, 2023.
LI S T. Evaluation and Influence Mechanism of Urban Vitality Based on TOPSIS Method of Combination Weighting: A Case Study of Huangshi City Center[D]: Huangshi: Hubei Normal University, 2023.
|
| [24] |
柯善北. 空间开放幸福共享[J]. 中华建设, 2023 (4): 3
KE S B. Open Space, Happy Sharing[J]. China Construction, 2023 (4): 3
|
| [25] |
王维奇, 刘晨晖, 陈延菲, 等. 公园城市目标下城市公园绿地开放共享理念的核心要义和科学路径[J]. 风景园林, 2023, 30 (11): 28-34
WANG W Q, LIU C H, CHEN Y F, et al. Core Meaning and Scientific Path of the Concept of Open Sharing of Urban Park Green Spaces Under the Goal of Park City[J]. Landscape Architecture, 2023, 30 (11): 28-34.
|
| [26] |
北京市园林绿化局.北京市园林绿化局关于印发《北京市公园分类分级管理办法》的通知[EB/OL].(2022-06-02) [2023-12-13]. https://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengcefagui/202210/t20221008_2830137.html.
Beijing Municipal Forestry and Parks Bureau. Notice of the Beijing Municipal Bureau of Landscape and Greening on Issuing the Beijing Park Classification and Grading Management Measures[EB/OL]. (2022-06-02)[2023-12-13]. https://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengcefagui/202210/t20221008_2830137.html.
|
| [27] |
中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.住房和城乡建设部办公厅关于开展城市公园绿地开放共享试点工作的通知[EB/OL].(2023-01-31)[2023-12-13]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-02/06/content_5740376.htm.
Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China. Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development on Carrying out Pilot Work of Open and Shared Urban Park and Green Space[EB/OL]. (2023-01-31)[2023-12-13]. https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2023-02/06/content_5740376.htm.
|
| [28] |
秦晗, 朱珈仪, 徐欢, 等. 城市公园绿地供给公平性评价与优化布局研究[J]. 园林, 2022, 39 (10): 95-103
QIN H, ZHU J Y, XU H, et al. Research on Supply Equity Evaluation and Optimal Layout of Urban Park Green Space[J]. Landscape Architecture Academic Journal, 2022, 39 (10): 95-103.
|
| [29] |
胡曾庆.社会-生态功能需求下低效工业用地转型绿地多尺度潜力评价研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 2022.
HU Z Q. Research on Multi-scale Potential Evaluation of Inefficient Industrial Land Greening Under Social-Ecological Function Demand[D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2023.
|
| [30] |
严庭雯, 贾一非, 李运远, 等.基于网络开放数据的城市公园使用评价及客流分析: 以北京玉渊潭公园为例[C]//中国风景园林学会.中国风景园林学会2019年会论文集(上册).北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2019.
YAN T W, JIA Y F, LI Y Y, et al. Urban Park Usage Evaluation and Passenger Flow Analysis Based on Open Data: Taking Beijing Yuyuantan Park as an Example[C]// Chinese Society of Landscape Architecture. Proceedings of the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Chinese Society of Landscape Architecture (Volume 1). Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2019.
|
| [31] |
吴志强, 叶锺楠. 基于百度地图热力图的城市空间结构研究: 以上海中心城区为例[J]. 城市规划, 2016, 40 (4): 33-40
WU Z Q, YE Z N. Research on Urban Spatial Structure Based on Baidu Heat Map: A Case Study on the Central City of Shanghai[J]. City Planning Review, 2016, 40 (4): 33-40.
|
| [32] |
陈永生. 城市公园绿地空间适宜性评价指标体系建构及应用[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2011, 39 (7): 105-108
CHEN Y S. Construction and Application of Suitability Evaluation Index System for Urban Park Green Space[J]. Journal of North-East Forestry University, 2011, 39 (7): 105-108.
|
| [33] |
肖华斌, 袁奇峰, 徐会军. 基于可达性和服务面积的公园绿地空间分布研究[J]. 规划师, 2009, 25 (2): 83-88
XIAO H B, YUAN Q F, XU H J. Green Space Distribution Based on Accessibility and Serving Area[J]. Planners, 2009, 25 (2): 83-88.
|
| [34] |
俞孔坚, 段铁武, 李迪华, 等. 景观可达性作为衡量城市绿地系统功能指标的评价方法与案例[J]. 城市规划, 1999 (8): 8-11
YU K J, DUAN T W, LI D H, et al. Landscape Accessibility as a Measurement of the Function of Urban Green System[J]. City Planning Review, 1999 (8): 8-11.
|
| [35] |
李文, 张林, 李莹. 哈尔滨城市公园可达性和服务效率分析[J]. 中国园林, 2010, 26 (8): 59-62
LI W, ZHANG L, LI Y. Accessibility and Service Efficiency of Harbin’s Urban Parks[J]. Chinese Landscape Architecture, 2010, 26 (8): 59-62.
|
| [36] |
李秀珍, 布仁仓, 常禹, 等. 景观格局指标对不同景观格局的反应[J]. 生态学报, 2004, 24 (1): 123-134
LI X Z, BU R C, CHANG Y, et al. The Response of Landscape Metrics Against Pattern Scenarios[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004, 24 (1): 123-134.
|
| [37] |
王录仓. 基于百度热力图的武汉市主城区城市人群聚集时空特征[J]. 西部人居环境学刊, 2018, 33 (2): 52-56
WANG L C. Spatial-Temporal Characteristics of Urban Population Aggregation Based on Baidu Heat Map in Central Areas of Wuhan City[J]. Journal of Human Settlements in West China, 2018, 33 (2): 52-56.
|
| [38] |
陶晓丽, 陈明星, 张文忠, 等. 城市公园的类型划分及其与功能的关系分析: 以北京市城市公园为例[J]. 地理研究, 2013, 32 (10): 1964-1976
TAO X L, CHEN M X, ZHANG W Z, et al. Classification and Its Relationship with the Functional Analysis of Urban Parks: Taking Beijing as an Example[J]. Geographical Research, 2013, 32 (10): 1964-1976.
|
| [39] |
吴妍, 赵志强, 李文. 基于GIS的哈尔滨市公园景观格局分析与评价[J]. 国土与自然资源研究, 2011 (2): 88-91
WU Y, ZHAO Z Q, LI W. Analysis of Landscape Structure of Harbin’s Urban Parks Base on GIS[J]. Territory & Natural Resources Study, 2011 (2): 88-91.
|
| [40] |
张俊杰.基于可达性的昆明市公园服务公平性研究[D].武汉: 武汉大学, 2022.
ZHANG J J. Research on Equity of Park Service Based on Accessibility in Kunming[D]. Wuhan: Wuhan University, 2022.
|
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |