成都自生草本植物屋顶绿化夏季气候适应性研究
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胡锐/女/西南交通大学建筑学院在读硕士研究生/研究方向为风景园林规划与设计、屋顶绿化 |
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陈睿智/女/博士/西南交通大学建筑学院副教授/研究方向为气候适应性设计、生态景观 |
收稿日期: 2023-05-15
网络出版日期: 2025-12-15
基金资助
四川省科技计划项目“基于自然的解决方案(NbS)视角下城市自生植物立体绿化精细化管控研究”(2023JDR0266)
版权
Research on Summer Climate Adaptability of Spontaneous Vegetation for Roof Greening in Chengdu
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HU Rui is a master student in the School of Architecture, Southwest Jiaotong University. Her research focuses on landscape planning and design, and roof greening |
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CHEN Ruizhi, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the School of Architecture, Southwest Jiaotong University. Her research focuses on climate adaptive design, and ecological landscape |
Received date: 2023-05-15
Online published: 2025-12-15
Copyright
【目的】针对夏季城市热岛效应加剧、园林屋顶绿化养护管理成本高及景观同质化严重等问题,探讨自生草本植物在屋顶绿化中的夏季气候适应性,以期丰富屋顶绿化植物种类,构建低维护植物景观来缓解城市热岛效应。【方法】通过构建绿色屋顶容器式实验平台,采用实验验证法对成都市16种常见的自生草本植物开展为期3个月的适应性观测,分析自生草本植物的生长高度、地面覆盖度、植物存活期等相关数据。【结果】求米草、狗牙根、白茅、山莴苣、马兰、薄荷、马蹄金、车前、铁苋菜9种植物在极端高温、干旱的气候条件下长势较好,适宜成都市屋顶绿化的夏季气候条件,具有应用优势。水芹、荩草、狗尾草、淡竹叶、鱼眼草、犁头尖、龙葵无法适应屋顶绿化气候环境,不适合成都市屋顶绿化植物造景应用。【结论】研究结果为城市屋顶绿化应用提供多样植物选择依据,创新了屋顶绿化材料运用,自生植物更适宜低维护、可持续植物景观,具有重要的社会价值、生态价值。
胡锐 , 陈睿智 . 成都自生草本植物屋顶绿化夏季气候适应性研究[J]. 风景园林, 2024 , 31(4) : 104 -110 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202305150231
[Objective] The rapid development of global urbanization leads to the intensification of urban heat island effect, which poses a potential threat to human health and life safety. Roof greening can give full play to the ecological benefits of green space to alleviate urban heat island effect, but it faces some problems such as high maintenance and management cost and serious homogeneity of landscape. Spontaneous vegetation with high ecological value, low maintenance and vigorous spontaneous growth have the potential to become urban plantscape. Chengdu has the advantages of early development of roof greening, abundant species of wild plants, and support of roof greening policies. Therefore, this research took Chengdu as an example to discuss the climate adaptability of spontaneous vegetation in roof greening in summer, with a view to enriching types of roof greening plants at low cost and alleviating urban heat island effect.
[Methods] The habitat types of spontaneous vegetation in urban areas are determined by literature review, supplemented by data on 30 m fine land cover of Chengdu in 2020 provided by the geographic big data cloud platform (mainly referring to the distribution range of irrigated farmland to guide the collection of spontaneous vegetation). The classification and zoning of investigation for spontaneous vegetation is conducted through a comprehensive literature review and the application of big data analysis. The research contents include the variety types, morphological characteristics, root length and ornamental value of spontaneous vegetation. Finally, the collection of spontaneous vegetation and the experimental planting on the roof are carried out. According to the occurrence frequency, growth and reproduction of spontaneous vegetation identified during the investigation, 16 species of spontaneous vegetation are selected. Experimental verification method is used to construct a green roof module experiment platform with soil depth less than 10 cm which is on the sixth floor of a teaching building in Southwest Jiaotong University (Xipu Campus). Continuous adaptive observation was carried out during the period with the highest summer temperature from July to September, 2022, with the starting time of observation being determined as 9:00-10:00 a.m. to effectively avoid the strong exposure to sunlight at noon or afternoon that is likely to make plants soft and short and thus affect the observation data. The climate adaptive growth height of the spontaneous vegetation is recorded respectively at the beginning and the end of the experiment, and the ground coverage is recorded every 7 days. Such indicators as plant survival period, regeneration and spontaneous growth are continuously monitored during the experimental observation period. The observation data of growth height, ground coverage and survival rate of spontaneous vegetation in summer in roof greening are presented graphically using Origin to facilitate the comparison of results, and the regeneration and spontaneous growth of spontaneous vegetation are described in words.
[Results] According to the experimental results, the climate adaptation of various species of spontaneous vegetation to roof greening in summer is significantly different, and 10 species of spontaneous vegetation, such as Oplismenus undulatifolius, Cynodon dactyIon, Imperata cylindrica, Lactuca indica, Aster indicus, Mentha canadensis, Dichondra micrantha, Plantago asiatica and Acalypha australis grow well under the climate conditions of extreme high temperature and drought, and are thus deemed suitable for roof greening. Oenanthe javanica, Arthraxon hispidus, Setaria viridis, Lophatherum gracile, Dichrocephala integrifolia, Typhonium blumei and Solanum nigrum fail to adapt to the climate environment of roof greening, and are thus deemed unsuitable for roof greening in Chengdu City. In the process of adaptability experiment, it is found that high temperature, diseases and pests may have a negative impact on spontaneous vegetation. High temperature may cause the leaves of plants to turn yellow, curl or fall off, and diseases and pests may make the leaves mottled, curled, convex, etc., both of which may lead to plant death or poor ornamental effect. Rain and artificial irrigation can promote plant growth. Spontaneous vegetation such as Oenanthe javanica and Plantago asiatica will be revitalized after rain, enabling them to send out new shoots, and be less affected by pests and diseases. The vegetation species selected in this research can provide reference for not only the application of spontaneous vegetation in roof greening under the concept of low-maintenance plantscape, but also the introduction of spontaneous vegetation in the concept of new naturalistic ecological planting design.
[Conclusion] This research focuses on the climate adaptability of spontaneous vegetation in roof greening, which is seldom involved in the exploration on the application of spontaneous vegetation in urban landscape. Spontaneous vegetation plays an important role in the maintenance of landscape in urban bare and waste lands, which can effectively make up for the lack of ornamental value and ecological value of garden plants. From the perspective of building roof greening landscape at low cost and replacing single types of roof greening plants, spontaneous vegetation may serve as the key material for constructing pristine and wild low-maintenance landscape. The evaluation and screening of urban spontaneous vegetation with application potential may provide a basis for the selection of various plants that can be applied in urban roof greening, innovate the use of roof greening materials, and help to create sustainable low-maintenance plantscape.
表1 自生草本植物调研场地Tab. 1 Research sites of spontaneous vegetation |
| 类型 | 区域名称 | 区位(方位) |
|---|---|---|
| 校园 | 西南交通大学犀浦校区 | 三环外(西北) |
| 居住区 | 西南交通大学九里校区南园住宅区 | 三环内到二环外(正北) |
| 公园 | 青龙湖湿地公园 | 三环外(东南) |
| 工业废弃地 | 成都电力金具总厂 | 三环内到二环外(正南) |
| 绿道 | 锦城绿道江家艺苑 | 三环外(东南) |
| 农田 | 成都市犀浦镇 | 三环外(西北) |
表2 采集的自生草本植物基本特征Tab. 2 Basic characteristics of spontaneous vegetation collected |
| 序号 | 中文名 | 拉丁学名 | 科 | 属 | 花色(花期) | 观赏特征 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 注:自生草本植物基本特征来源于四川省植物资源信息网(www.scpri.ac.cn/mplant/#!/pages/plantnews)。 | ||||||
| 1 | 荩草 | Arthraxon hispidus | 禾本科 | 荩草属 | 紫色或红色(8—10月) | 观叶 |
| 2 | 求米草 | Oplismenus undulatifolius | 禾本科 | 求米草属 | 淡紫色(7—11月) | 观叶 |
| 3 | 狗尾草 | Setaria viridis | 禾本科 | 狗尾草属 | 绿色(5—10月) | 观花 |
| 4 | 狗牙根 | Cynodon dactyIon | 禾本科 | 狗牙根属 | 灰绿色或淡紫色(5—11月) | 观叶 |
| 5 | 白茅 | Imperata cylindrica | 禾本科 | 白茅属 | 白色(5—12月) | 观花 |
| 6 | 淡竹叶 | Lophatherum gracile | 禾本科 | 淡竹叶属 | 绿色(7—8月) | 观叶 |
| 7 | 鱼眼草 | Dichrocephala integrifolia | 菊科 | 鱼眼草属 | 黄绿色(全年) | 观花 |
| 8 | 山莴苣 | Lactuca indica | 菊科 | 莴苣属 | 淡黄色(7—9月) | 观花 |
| 9 | 马兰 | Aster indicus | 菊科 | 马兰属 | 浅紫色(5—9月) | 观花 |
| 10 | 薄荷 | Mentha canadensis | 唇形科 | 薄荷属 | 淡紫色(7—10月) | 观花 |
| 11 | 马蹄金 | Dichondra micrantha | 旋花科 | 马蹄金属 | 黄色(5—6月) | 观叶 |
| 12 | 水芹 | Oenanthe javanica | 伞形科 | 水芹属 | 白色(6—7月) | 观叶 |
| 13 | 车前 | Plantago asiatica | 车前科 | 车前属 | 绿白色(6—9月) | 观叶 |
| 14 | 龙葵 | Solanum nigrum | 茄科 | 茄属 | 白色(6—7月) | 观花、观果 |
| 15 | 犁头尖 | Typhonium blumei | 天南星科 | 犁头尖属 | 淡绿色(5—8月) | 观叶 |
| 16 | 铁苋菜 | Acalypha australis | 大戟科 | 铁苋菜属 | 鲜红色(5—7月) | 观叶 |
文中图表均由作者拍摄和绘制。
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