辽河流域文化遗产地理空间格局及时空适宜性演变
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袁敬诚/男/博士/沈阳建筑大学教授/研究方向为城市设计理论与方法、城市空间发展理论、低碳生态规划 |
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李碧娇/女/沈阳建筑大学在读博士研究生/国家二级注册建筑师/研究方向为区域遗址集中连片保护、东北地区城乡景观在地性建设 |
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仇思凡/女/沈阳建筑大学在读硕士研究生/研究方向为流域文化遗产保护 |
Copy editor: 李禹潺 , 王一兰
收稿日期: 2024-12-27
修回日期: 2025-02-28
网络出版日期: 2025-12-14
基金资助
国家自然科学基金“基于活动链的寒地生活街区公共空间“碳-效”协同优化研究”(52478064)
版权
Geographical Spatial Pattern and Spatiotemporal Suitability Evolution of Cultural Heritage in the Liao River Basin
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YUAN Jingcheng, PhD, is a professor in Shenyang Jianzhu University. His research focuses on urban design theory and method, urban space development theory, and low-carbon ecological planning |
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LI Bijiao is a Ph.D candidate in Shenyang Jianzhu University, and a Grade 2 Registered Architect. Her research focuses on concentrated and contiguous protection of regional heritage site, and localized construction of urban and rural landscapes in Northeast China |
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QIU Sifan is a master student in Shenyang Jianzhu University. Her research focuses on watershed cultural heritage protection |
Received date: 2024-12-27
Revised date: 2025-02-28
Online published: 2025-12-14
Copyright
目的 辽河流域作为多民族交汇与农牧交错带的关键区域,其文化遗产的时空分布规律是理解中华民族共同体形成的重要线索。方法 整合11 151处文化遗产点的ArcGIS空间数据,构建辽河流域文化遗产数据库;采用历史文献考证、核密度分析、标准差椭圆分析与经纬度峰峦值分析的方法,通过全局空间自相关分析文化遗产点的时空分布特征,结合局部空间自相关方法解析局部集聚异质性,解析自然-人文因素对文化遗产时空演变的驱动机制。结果 1)辽河流域文化遗产分布整体呈现南密北疏形态,沿辽河干流及支流呈带状集聚,95%的文化遗产点集中于海拔<500 m、坡度<6°且距河流<7 km的区域;2)文化遗产分布中心由史前西辽河上游逐渐南迁至清代辽河平原;3)遗产点空间分布的适宜性演变整体呈自西向东、自北向南迁徙的趋势,东西两端逐渐向中部集中;4)遗产点时空分布的演变过程呈现聚集—散乱—集聚—极化4个阶段,与气候变化下各农牧民族的冲突、融合相关。结论 辽河流域文化遗产的动态适宜性演变为中华民族多元一体格局提供了流域尺度的物质证据,通过量化气候波动、政治扩张与民族互动的交互作用,揭示辽河流域文化遗产从被动适应到主动突破的演变机制,为流域尺度下多民族融合研究提供适宜的分析框架。
袁敬诚 , 李碧娇 , 仇思凡 . 辽河流域文化遗产地理空间格局及时空适宜性演变[J]. 风景园林, 2025 , 32(4) : 40 -49 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.LA20240155
Objective This research examines the spatiotemporal distribution, evolutionary mechanisms, and sustainability of cultural heritage in the Liao River Basin, located in Northeast Asia. The focus is on the transitional zone between nomadic and agrarian civilizations, with the aim to: 1) Explore the geographic selectivity of cultural heritage distribution under environmental constraints; 2) quantify phased transitions driven by the interactions between climatic and institutional factors; 3) identify spatial clustering anomalies linked to ecological fragility; 4) develop a framework for cultural heritage conservation in ethnic convergence corridors. The research investigates how geographical, climatic, and institutional factors have shaped heritage landscapes and reveals how the interactions between these factors inform modern conservation practices. Methods A geospatial database has been utilized, encompassing 11,151 heritage sites across six categories such as ancient ruins, tombs, and buildings, as well as five historical periods ranging from prehistoric period to modern period. The data are analyzed using spatial statistical techniques and historical mapping, with the primary methods being described as follows: spatiotemporal analysis employs standard deviation ellipses and kernel density estimation to analyze distribution and density ; spatial autocorrelation analysis utilizes Global Moran’s I and Local Moran’s I to assess spatial clustering and dispersion; environmental modeling incorporates elevation and slope buffers as well as DEM-derived landforms to assess the influence of natural geography on the spatial distribution of heritage sites; historical layering analysis focuses on policy maps to track how institutional changes and infrastructure development influence the distribution of heritage sites. Multivariate regression and path analysis are used to quantify the effects of climatic and institution on the heritage evolution . Results 1) Distribution determinants: The majority of heritage sites (95.2%) are located in optimal environmental conditions: elevation: below 500 m (mean value: 217.3±134.8 m); slope: less than 6° (84.7% ranging from 0° to 3°); distance to river: within 7 km. Buffer zone analysis reveals that 63.9% of heritage sites are concentrated in areas with an elevation of 200–400 m, a slope of 2–5°, and a distance to river of 3–5 km. Neolithic sites cluster along the Xiliao River Valley (42.5°N), with kernel density peaking at 2.8 sites/km², reflecting favorable conditions for millet agriculture and early settlements.2)Phased Transition: Cold-Dry Shift (post-
表1 不同历史时期不同类型文化遗产数量统计Tab. 1 Statistics of different types of cultural heritage during different historical periods |
| 历史时期 | 古遗址 | 古墓葬 | 古建筑 | 近现代重要史迹及代表性建筑 | 石窟寺及石刻 | 其他文物 | 总计 | 占比/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 史前至汉魏 | 5 358 | 281 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 58 | 5 724 | 51.33 |
| 晋至隋唐 | 53 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 73 | 0.66 |
| 五代十国至元 | 3 128 | 726 | 25 | 0 | 19 | 52 | 3 950 | 35.42 |
| 明至清 | 633 | 112 | 124 | 113 | 42 | 18 | 1 042 | 9.34 |
| 近现代 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 349 | 6 | 3 | 362 | 3.25 |
| 总计 | 9 172 | 1 136 | 153 | 462 | 94 | 134 | 11 151 | 100.00 |
表2 全局莫兰指数统计量表及趋势特征Tab. 2 Statistical table and trend characteristics of Global Moran’ s I index |
| 历史时期 | 文化遗产点数量 | 全局莫兰指数 | z 值 | p 值 | 趋势特征 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 史前至汉魏 | 5 724 | 0.191 | 49.90 | 0.000 | 自然地理的主导聚集 |
| 晋至隋唐 | 73 | 0.021 | 5.57 | 0.000 | 战乱与治理的超离散化 |
| 五代十国至元 | 3 950 | 0.157 | 40.49 | 0.000 | 政权主导边疆开发集聚 |
| 明至清 | 1 042 | 0.163 | 47.14 | 0.000 | 政权主导边疆开发集聚 |
| 近现代 | 362 | 0.322 | 92.61 | 0.000 | 工业化与政策超强极化 |
| 整体 | 111 51 | 0.211 | 39.04 | 0.000 | 聚集—散乱—集聚—极化 |
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