地名学视野下滇池流域聚落空间格局及其演化特征
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王迎澳/女/云南师范大学地理学部在读硕士研究生/研究方向为聚落地理 |
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胡维建/男/云南师范大学地理学部在读硕士研究生/研究方向为人居环境治理 |
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彭文/男/云南师范大学地理学部硕士研究生/研究方向为聚落地理 |
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杨宇亮/男/白族/博士/云南师范大学地理学部教授/研究方向为聚落地理与城乡规划 |
Copy editor: 李清清
收稿日期: 2024-09-16
修回日期: 2025-02-26
网络出版日期: 2025-12-14
基金资助
国家自然科学基金“国土空间视野下纵向岭谷区村落人居环境优化的空间肌理与方法”(52168012)
版权
Spatial Pattern and Evolutionary Characteristics of Settlements in Dianchi River Basin from the Perspective of Toponymy
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WANG Ying’ao is a master student in the School of Geography, Yunnan Normal University. Her research focuses on settlement geography |
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HU Weijian is a master student in the School of Geography, Yunnan Normal University. His research focuses on governance of human settlement environment |
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PENG Wen is a Master graduate in the School of Geography, Yunnan Normal University.His research focuses on settlement geography |
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YANG Yuliang (Bai), Ph.D., is a professor in the School of Geography, Yunnan Normal University. His research focuses on settlement geography and urban and rural planning |
Received date: 2024-09-16
Revised date: 2025-02-26
Online published: 2025-12-14
Copyright
目的 通过构建地名语义与空间属性框架,分析滇池流域聚落的空间格局,揭示“人水关系”驱动下的聚落形成机制。方法 以
王迎澳 , 胡维建 , 彭文 , 杨宇亮 . 地名学视野下滇池流域聚落空间格局及其演化特征[J]. 风景园林, 2025 , 32(4) : 50 -59 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202409160547
Objective The Dianchi Lake Basin is a typical sample of plateau lake-type human – water interaction, and its settlement system evolution contains the spatial code of human settlements adapting to hydrological changes. Through integrating the spatio-temporal analysis of topography and geospatial analysis, this research reveals the formation mechanism of settlement pattern driven by human – water relationship, explores the evolution characteristics of settlement pattern in the Dianchi Lake Basin, and provides methodological innovation for interdisciplinary research of human settlement environment science. Methods 1,332 toponyms of historical settlements are selected as the research objects, and the nature – human binary semantic analysis framework is constructed by using the method of geographical language analysis. In order to explore the spatial distribution types of toponymic settlements, the closest proximity index and geographical concentration index are used for analysis. In order to further reflect the agglomeration distribution law of settlements, the distribution location and law of settlements are analyzed by nuclear density analysis. In addition, the buffer zone analysis method is used to further explore the spatial correlation between settlement distribution and hydrological characteristics, and the geographical detector is used to carry out relevant research to explore the spatial mechanism with respect to the impact of geographical factors on toponym pattern. Toponyms in the Dianchi Lake Basin are formed in the interaction process of human – water relationship. The research on natural toponyms reveals that geomorphic environment and hydrological environment are the basis of human settlement activities. Seven indexes are selected to construct the index system of driving factors for the spatial pattern of settlement, with factor detection and interaction detection being adopted for specific analysis. Through the historical geographic information corroboration, the research reveals the change law of human settlement environment at a 1,000-year scale. Results 1) The settlements in the Dianchi Lake Basin as a whole and all kinds of toponyms are clustered; the distribution of settlements shows a “two-center” structure with obvious water system agglomeration characteristics, revealing the process of shifting the focus of human settlement activities under the trend of “water retreating and people advancing”, which is realized through the major events of “human – water relationship” such as the cultivation of farmland by the Institute of Sanitation, the construction of water conservancy, and the expansion of irrigation areas. The north alluvial fan area relies on the Panlong River system to form the administrative and economic complex center, while the southeast lakeside plain retains the characteristics of early fishing and farming civilization, forming the geographical differentiation law of “south fishing and north farming”. The center of gravity of human settlement activities has shifted from the southeast bank to the north bank, and the benign control of hydrological environment has been realized in the gradual cumulation human settlement behavior. 2) The interactive effect of elevation and river network density is the key factor leading the evolution of settlement pattern in the Dianchi Lake Basin: In short-term scale, elevation and river network density are interlocking, and the hydraulic engineering reduces the riverbed elevation and expands the alluvial fan area, which significantly enhances the settlement carrying capacity in the low altitude area and affects the spatial pattern of settlement after Yuan Dynasty; in the long term, from the dual clues of “hydrological constraint” to human – water interaction, the significant spatial coupling of the migration trajectory of the settlement center of gravity and the retreat process of the lake shoreline confirms the characteristics of the phased transformation of the relationship between human and water, and realizes the paradigm shift from “choosing to live near water” to “controlling water for better habitation”. Conclusion The combination of toponymy and spatial analysis provides an innovative path for the interdisciplinary research on human settlement science. By constructing a coupling analysis framework of toponym semantics and spatial attributes, this research confirms the “spatio-temporal code” function of toponym in the process reconstruction of human settlements, and the capability to analyze multi-source heterogeneous data based on the aforesaid function provides a new analytical methodology for the research on watershed human settlements. The changing vein of human settlement environment with human – water relationship as the main line continues to this day. At present, the Dianchi Lake Basin is the key area of Kunming’s urban planning and construction, and the planning measures to strengthen the ecological barriers of rivers and lakes are of great importance to the ecological security pattern of human settlements in the Dianchi Lake Basin. At the same time, as a reflection of folk style and deep historical and cultural heritage, toponyms contain the relationship between man and nature in different stages. Therefore, in urban construction, the search of traditional toponyms, the mining of cultural connotations toponyms, and the reasonable naming of new toponyms are not only conducive to the protection of the intangible cultural heritage of traditional toponyms, but also play an important role in following the law of urban development and realizing the harmonious relationship between people and water.
表1 滇池流域聚落地名用字分类Tab. 1 Classification of words used in settlement toponyms in the Dianchi Lake Basin |
| 主类 | 亚类 | 主要用字 | 总数/个 | 比例/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 自然类 | 地貌 | 山、冲、洞、坡、坝、箐、石、凹、甸、口、咀、峰 | 358 | 26.88 |
| 水文 | 塘、河、沟、湾、海、潭、水、埂、溪、江、泉、源 | 247 | 18.54 | |
| 动植物 | 龙、马、羊、树、花、桃、竹、梨、谷、牛、杨 | 181 | 13.59 | |
| 人文类 | 姓氏 | 李、杨、王、张、罗、陈、苏、赵、余、高、马、周 | 149 | 11.19 |
| 军事 | 营、哨、屯、卫、寨、甲、所、关、堡、站 | 136 | 10.21 | |
| 建筑 | 桥、寺、坟、城、房、庙、井、院、牌、门、楼、庵 | 100 | 7.51 | |
| 祈福 | 兴、乐、平、福、丰、和、永、富、旺、善 | 60 | 4.50 | |
| 经济生产 | 街、铺、窑、厂、渡、店、仓、坊 | 51 | 3.83 | |
| 少数民族 | 普、鲁、白、妥、瓦、亩、郎、黑、母、纳、达 | 50 | 3.75 |
表2 滇池流域各类聚落空间分布特征计算值Tab. 2 Calculated values of spatial distribution characteristics of various settlements in the Dianchi Lake Basin |
| 地名类别 | R值 | p值 | z值 | G值 | G0值 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 自然类 | 0.728 | 0.000 | -14.592 | 41.020 | 37.797 |
| 地貌类 | 0.746 | 0.000 | -9.191 | 41.307 | 37.797 |
| 水文类 | 0.673 | 0.000 | -9.844 | 42.495 | 37.800 |
| 动植物类 | 0.705 | 0.000 | -7.605 | 39.32 | 37.800 |
| 人文类 | 0.569 | 0.000 | -19.234 | 42.088 | 37.797 |
| 姓氏类 | 0.611 | 0.000 | -9.049 | 47.365 | 37.802 |
| 军事类 | 0.589 | 0.000 | -9.164 | 42.086 | 37.809 |
| 建筑类 | 0.691 | 0.000 | -5.906 | 42.895 | 37.815 |
| 祈福类 | 0.884 | 0.085 | -1.721 | 46.068 | 37.859 |
| 经济生产类 | 0.735 | 0.000 | -3.623 | 42.554 | 37.869 |
| 少数民族类 | 0.627 | 0.000 | -5.052 | 58.788 | 37.841 |
| 整体 | 0.715 | 0.000 | -19.913 | 40.736 | 37.797 |
图5 自然类地名聚落在水系缓冲区中的分布Fig. 5 Distribution of natural toponymic settlements in the river system buffer zone |
图6 人文类地名聚落在水系缓冲区中的分布Fig. 6 Distribution of humanistic toponymic settlements in the river system buffer zone |
表3 滇池流域水系缓冲区中各类聚落数量Tab. 3 Number of various types of settlements in the river system buffer zone of the Dianchi Lake Basin |
| 缓冲区范围/km | 地貌类 | 水文类 | 动植物类 | 姓氏类 | 军事类 | 建筑类 | 祈福类 | 经济生产类 | 少数民族类 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 支流缓冲区 | 0~0.5 | 80 | 58 | 38 | 57 | 43 | 29 | 15 | 17 | 29 |
| >0.5~1 | 44 | 32 | 32 | 23 | 40 | 17 | 11 | 8 | 9 | |
| >1~1.5 | 47 | 27 | 24 | 23 | 25 | 16 | 11 | 7 | 8 | |
| >1.5~2 | 27 | 34 | 20 | 12 | 6 | 13 | 9 | 4 | 4 | |
| 湖岸缓冲区 | 0~0.5 | 10 | 29 | 9 | 13 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| >0.5~1 | 10 | 15 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
| >1~1.5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |
| >1.5~2 | 11 | 7 | 9 | 57 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
表4 因子探测结果Tab. 4 Factor detection results |
| 地名类别 | 影响因子 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 坡向(X1) | 坡度(X2) | 海拔(X3) | 地形起伏度 (X4) | 年平均气温 (X5) | 年平均降水量 (X6) | 河网密度 (X7) | |
| 整体地名(Y1) | 0.005* | 0.077** | 0.164** | 0.074** | 0.123** | 0.027** | 0.122** |
| 自然类(Y2) | 0.004 | 0.003 | 0.053** | 0.020 | 0.038** | 0.010 | 0.054** |
| 水文类(Y3) | 0.005 | 0.035 | 0.043** | 0.034 | 0.029** | 0.020* | 0.040** |
| 地貌类(Y4) | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.009 | 0.031** | 0.013 | 0.030** | 0.021* |
| 动植物类(Y5) | 0.003 | 0.014 | 0.034** | 0.020 | 0.028** | 0.004 | 0.020* |
| 人文类(Y6) | 0.004 | 0.068** | 0.153** | 0.085** | 0.126** | 0.035** | 0.089** |
| 经济生产类(Y7) | 0.005 | 0.022 | 0.012 | 0.012 | 0.016* | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| 少数民族类(Y8) | 0.007 | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.018* | 0.028** | 0.025** |
| 姓氏类(Y9) | 0.007 | 0.037** | 0.074** | 0.047** | 0.053** | 0.020* | 0.035** |
| 祈福类(Y10) | 0.003 | 0.017* | 0.046** | 0.018* | 0.035** | 0.020* | 0.027** |
| 军事类(Y11) | 0.003 | 0.019** | 0.044** | 0.028** | 0.046** | 0.009 | 0.052 |
| 建筑类(Y12) | 0.002 | 0.016* | 0.059** | 0.031** | 0.039** | 0.030** | 0.021* |
文中图表均由作者绘制,其中
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