疗愈花园类型的概念界定
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(美)伊丽莎白·R·M·黛尔/女/硕士/美国注册园艺治疗大师/佛罗里达大学环境园艺学院讲师/研究方向为园艺疗法、疗愈花园和治疗性园艺项目 |
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姜博/女/哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院在读博士研究生/寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室成员/研究方向为自然疗愈与康复景观、健康人居环境设计 |
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程宇/女/哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院在读硕士研究生/寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室成员/研究方向为疗愈景观 |
收稿日期: 2023-12-04
修回日期: 2024-03-11
网络出版日期: 2025-12-12
版权
【目的】随着疗愈花园研究的不断深入,相关描述性术语也越来越多,很难区分不同类型的疗愈花园。通过明确疗愈花园类型,设计师和其他相关专业人员能更好地为客户和其他利益相关者提供信息,创造出更具针对性和响应性的设计,有效促进新项目的开发。【方法】建立疗愈花园类型层次框架,并以现有花园为例,分析每种类型疗愈花园的设计目的、设计重点和潜在用户。【结果】将疗愈花园类型层次框架的基本结构分为主动型(使能型)和被动型(恢复型)的双轨结构,明确了不同类型疗愈花园的区别和联系。【结论】“疗愈花园”一词常被用于描述医疗机构中的花园,而不同类型的疗愈花园之间存在一些重要区别。这些区别为疗愈花园的设计提供了依据,有助于在花园空间中开展高质量的活动,同时兼顾使用者的需求。疗愈花园的设计必须满足使用人群的特定需求,包括居民/患者、员工和家庭成员。
(美)伊丽莎白·R·M·黛尔 , 姜博 , 程宇 . 疗愈花园类型的概念界定[J]. 风景园林, 2024 , 31(5) : 75 -81 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202312040543
| 类型 | 设计重点及需求 | 子类型 | 设计意图 | 设计元素 | |
| 疗愈 花园 | 恢复 花园 | 通过缓解压力、焦虑和精神疲劳来恢复人的精神状态: 1)为环境感知、社会支持、自然干预、安全感和运动提供机会; 2)塑造远离性、延展性、迷人性和兼容性等恢复性环境特征 | 冥想花园 | 鼓励思考、反省或冥想;努力实现内心的平静或疗愈 | 便于安静思考的小房间或场地;景观焦点 |
| 沉思花园 | 鼓励思考、反省或沉思;审视比自己更重要的事物 | 与设计意图相关的符号对象;可以远眺的景色 | |||
| 圣所/避难 花园 | 提供庇护和援助 | 用于提供庇护或保护的空间 | |||
| 感官花园 | 刺激感官放松和兴奋 | 利用花园元素、植物和景色提供可靠且多样化的感官参与方式 | |||
| 使能 花园 | 让每个使用者都能参与园艺活动: 1)在花园内,可在各个层面与植物进行互动; 2)花园里的活动需确保安全、不受干扰; 3)提供符合人体工程学的设施,支持使用者独立使用 | 示范花园 | 展示无障碍花园的特色、材料和细节;向游客介绍无障碍园艺 | 高架花坛和垂直园艺系统、无障碍通道、符合人体工程学的设施和工具 | |
| 老年护理 花园 | 创造生理及心理的无障碍环境 | 无障碍入口、位于视野开阔处的舒适座椅、遮阳设施、鼓励探索的特色设施和景观 | |||
| 痴呆症/ 记忆花园 | 与老年护理花园类似,但加强了安全和指引方面的考虑 | 单一入口/出口;易于识别的参照点;环形路径;清晰的视线 | |||
| 治疗花园 | 满足用户/患者和相关机构的治疗需求 | 可以激励用户/患者、促进治疗效果的要素和特征 | |||
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