发展园艺类治疗方法理论的重要概念
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(美)保拉·黛安娜·莱尔夫/女/博士/美国注册园艺治疗大师/弗吉尼亚理工大学植物与环境科学、农业与生命科学学院终身教授/美国园艺疗法协会和国际人与植物理事会联合创始人/美国园艺科学学会会士/研究方向为园艺在人类健康和福祉中的作用以及消费者园艺的扩展,强调园艺作为一种治疗工具 |
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薛滨夏/男/博士/哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院副教授/寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室成员/美国注册园艺治疗师(HTR)/研究方向为健康人居环境与自然疗愈体系 |
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路森婷/女/哈尔滨工业大学建筑与设计学院在读本科生/研究方向为健康人居环境和自然疗愈体系 |
收稿日期: 2023-12-04
修回日期: 2024-03-26
网络出版日期: 2025-12-12
版权
(美)保拉·黛安娜·莱尔夫 , 薛滨夏 , 路森婷 . 发展园艺类治疗方法理论的重要概念[J]. 风景园林, 2024 , 31(5) : 54 -63 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202312040544
表1 发展治疗性园艺活动的全年计划指南:室外园艺疗法/治疗性园艺花园Tab. 1 Year-round program guide for developing therapeutic horticulture activities: the outdoor HT/TH garden |
| 计划 | 治疗性活动 |
| 注:在有效的园艺疗法/治疗性园艺项目中需要把专业知识付诸实践。与客户一起计划、设定目标、适应和实施所有这些活动的能力,决定了园艺治疗师的技能或专业水平。需要对列入表中的活动和项目的持续时间进行全面的分析(例如,活动或项目每周进行1 h,持续6周,是否足以对行为改变产生持久的影响?) | |
| 学习如何培育花园 | 进行适合园艺的游戏(如植物宾戈游戏); 讲故事(如讲述过去的经历、读书、朗诵诗歌); 制作园艺植物名录(剪下后续制作名录需要的植物样本) |
| 设计/规划花园 | 讨论;绘画;做模型;做园艺植物名录的拼贴画 |
| 培育准备 | 准备种子;准备插条 |
| 种植花园 | 做土壤准备(整理地面和种植园地、准备栽培容器);直接播种;种植幼苗或扦插苗 |
| 植物护理/维护 | 覆盖地膜;除草;浇水;施肥 |
| 收获花园里的植物, 用于准备相关活动 | 采集可食用植物:花园品尝——品尝甜叶菊、水果、蔬菜、香草、花卉等食物; 处理草本植物:采集、干燥处理和储存; 处理花卉:压花、干燥花朵(空气、硅胶、沙子) |
| 让花园过冬 | 将收获的植物拔除;堆肥;种植冬季作物 |
表2 打理花园(园艺)之外的园艺疗法/治疗性园艺中开展的植物相关活动Tab. 2 Plants related activities used in HT/TH therapy beyond cultivating the garden (horticulture) |
| 活动类型 | 活动详细内容 |
| 注:本表格所列的活动是在不栽培植物的情况下进行的,并不属于园艺疗法/治疗性园艺活动,而属于是自然艺术疗法、职业疗法、工娱疗法以及世界各地的许多补充和替代医学。但是,当它们作为整个园艺项目的一部分,并结合花园中的产品来开展这些活动时,则会增加园艺疗法的价值和益处。 | |
| 准备/食用花园里的食物,烹饪疗法 | 处理可食用的植物:使用新鲜食物制作沙拉、使用微波炉烹饪、制作阳光茶、进行户外烹饪; 在烹饪中使用草本植物 |
| 创意表达/艺术 | 使用草药制作的乳液和精油、工艺品和装饰品、礼物; 花卉:采摘一年生和多年生植物;用活动剩余的鲜花布置; 使用植物拓印:生态印染、捣花、用植物制作的墨水创作艺术品; 干花艺术; 利用花园中的蔬菜和自然物品进行创作; 制作小动物模型; 制作葫芦鸟屋和喂食器 |
| 感官体验/芳香疗法 | 触觉:用草药制作的乳液进行手部按摩,触摸不同的植物表面(将叶、茎、花与其他感觉相似的东西联系起来),把手伸进装有与不同植物相关的物品的袋子里并进行识别(可作为团队比赛项目); 听觉:用植物制作乐器(拍打玫瑰花瓣,制作扁茎喇叭、鼓棒、鼓和篱笆上的木琴棒,让竹子发出沙沙的声响等),利用植物制作风铃,在花园周围放置发声装置用于帮助视障人士识别地点 |
| 改造花园 | 制作和布设吸引野生生物的装置(喂鸟器、灌木丛、水景); 制作花园艺术品:回收艺术品、窗格艺术品 |
| 分享园艺疗法/治疗性园艺项目的产品 | 植物分享:赠送活动; 参加或举办花卉/蔬菜展 |
| 放松和恢复 | 坐下来享受时光;邀请家人参观/享受花园;冥想回忆 |
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