城市绿地游憩服务网络特征及不同出行模式的响应差异
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宋子亮/男/华中农业大学园艺林学学院在读博士研究生/研究方向为风景园林规划与设计 |
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刘宇航/女/华中农业大学园艺林学学院在读硕士研究生/研究方向为风景园林规划与设计 |
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黄子秋/男/华中农业大学硕士/长江勘测规划设计研究有限责任公司助理工程师/研究方向为风景园林规划与设计 |
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刘文平/男/博士/华中农业大学园艺林学学院教授、博士研究生导师/本刊青年编委/研究方向为景观服务与地景规划 |
Copy editor: 项曦
收稿日期: 2023-11-03
修回日期: 2024-01-04
网络出版日期: 2025-12-11
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目“城乡统筹背景下绿色空间多层级游憩流网络协同机制及布局优化”(32171858)
版权
Characteristics of Urban Green Space Recreation Services Networks and Response Disparities Across Different Travel Modes
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SONG Ziliang is a Ph.D. candidate in the College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University. His research focuses on landscape planning and design |
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LIU Yuhang is a master student in the College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University. Her research focuses on landscape planning and design |
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HUANG Ziqiu gained his master degree from Huazhong Agricultural University, is an assistant engineer in Changjiang Institute of Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd. His research focuses on landscape planning and design |
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LIU Wenping, Ph.D., is a professor and doctoral supervisor in the College of Horticulture & Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, and a young editorial board member of this journal. His research focuses on landscape service and landscape planning |
Received date: 2023-11-03
Revised date: 2024-01-04
Online published: 2025-12-11
Copyright
【目的】随着经济社会的快速发展,城市居民亲近自然的游憩需求显著增长。在城市尺度提升绿地的蓝色和绿色游憩服务效率成为当前亟须解决的问题。【方法】以武汉市为研究区域,通过提取居民游憩出行的最短路径,利用社会网络分析软件Ucinet 6.0分别构建步行、骑行和驾车3种出行模式下的5 min、10 min和15 min城市绿地的游憩服务网络,并分析网络的整体特征、节点功能和节点类型,进而探究这些特征在不同出行模式下的响应差异。【结果】当出行时长为5 min时,骑行和驾车模式能够组织超过85%的城市绿地节点协同联系形成游憩服务网络,而步行模式下游憩服务则呈零星局部组团分布。随着出行时长的增加,3种出行模式下游憩服务网络的核心集聚功能节点占比呈上升趋势,且节点类型主要以绿色游憩服务为主。骑行和驾车模式下的边缘汇聚功能节点占比则随出行时长增加而逐渐下降,但其蓝色游憩服务型核心集聚节点的占比则逐渐上升。【结论】城市绿地游憩服务网络效率的整体提升须系统考虑不同出行模式下居民的游憩需求,并协同整合蓝色和绿色游憩空间。这些发现可以为城市绿地游憩体系的构建和完善,以及游憩资源的系统整合提供直接支持。
宋子亮 , 刘宇航 , 黄子秋 , 刘文平 . 城市绿地游憩服务网络特征及不同出行模式的响应差异[J]. 风景园林, 2024 , 31(2) : 56 -63 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202311030497
[Objective] Following the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, residents are urgently seeking urban sanctuaries that provide both physical and mental solace. Urban green spaces not only offer an opportunity to escape from the urban clamor for stress relief, but also provide various recreation services, fostering the enhancement of residents’ physical and mental well-being and overall happiness. Consequently, enhancing the capacity of urban green spaces for recreation services has become a pivotal concern. It is common to see diverse types of urban green space recreation services woven into a network. However, the current research fails to clarify the characteristics of such networks and how they response to different travel modes. Understanding these gaps is essential for creating urban environments that cater to the evolving needs of residents in the post-pandemic era, thus ensuring a holistic approach to well-being and happiness. [Methods] Taking the central urban area of Wuhan as the research area, this research focuses on identifying and extracting urban green spaces that provide blue and green recreation services based on the coverage characteristics of vegetation and water resources. By virtue of the real-time travel path navigation from Amap (AutoNavi), the research extracts the shortest travel paths and durations from residential areas to urban green spaces for three travel modes: walking, cycling, and driving. Using the social network analysis software Ucinet 6.0, the research constructs three types of recreation service networks for each travel mode by taking into account travel durations of 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 15 minutes. Moreover, the research analyzes the overall characteristics of the aforesaid networks in combination with global efficiency and the proportion of isolated nodes.Additionally, a “core – periphery” analysis and a “bi-components” analysis are conducted to investigate the functional types of nodes within these networks based on travel paths and durations. [Results] When the travel duration is 5 minutes, more than 85% of urban green space nodes can be efficiently incorporated into recreation service networks under cycling and driving modes, while the recreation services under walking mode exhibit scattered local clustering. As the duration of travel increases, the overall efficiency of the recreation service networks formed under the three modes of walking, cycling and driving shows a trend of rapid growth, with the growth rate under the driving mode being the highest, followed in succession by that under the cycling mode and that under the walking mode. The proportion of nodes featuring core agglomeration functionality in the recreation service networks under the three travel modes is on the rise with extended travel duration. In the 15-minute driving mode, the proportion of nodes with core agglomeration functionality reaches the peak value of 40.97%. Although core agglomeration nodes are predominantly occupied by green recreation services, both the cycling and driving modes witness a gradual rise in the proportion of core agglomeration nodes associated with blue recreation services as travel duration lengthens. In the walking mode, the proportion of nodes with crucial connectivity functionality in the recreation service network within urban green spaces demonstrates an upward trend with increasing travel duration. Conversely, the driving mode exhibits a gradual decline in the proportion of nodes with crucial connectivity functionality. Green recreation services persist as the primary type of crucial and weak connectivity nodes. However, as travel duration increases, the proportion of blue recreation services within weak connectivity nodes experiences an upward shift. Notably, in the recreation service network formed under the walking mode, the proportion of blue recreation services serving as crucial connectivity nodes reaches 2%–3%. Furthermore, in the walking, cycling, and driving modes, the proportion of edge nodes in the urban green space recreation service network is the highest, particularly at a 5-minute travel duration, where it surpasses 85%. Regarding spatial distribution, whether in the walking, cycling, or driving mode, bridge nodes tend to disperse, while hub nodes exhibit a tendency to cluster. [Conclusions] Achieving an overall improvement in the efficiency of urban green space recreation service networks necessitate a nuanced consideration of residents’ diverse recreational needs under different travel modes. Simultaneously, it underscores the importance of integrating blue and green recreation spaces. These findings offer substantial insights for the development and refinement of urban green space recreation systems and the systematic amalgamation of recreation resources, laying the groundwork for sustainable urban development. Notably, this research focuses exclusively on the estimated conditions formed by the travel duration from residential areas to urban green spaces, which are taken as a basis for calculating recreation services. It does not take into consideration the actual travel behaviors of residents heading to urban green spaces and associated influencing factors. In the future, a more comprehensive investigation is needed to unveil the authentic network relationships of urban green space recreation services and the complex mechanisms that underlie them.
表1 不同类型城市绿地游憩服务及出行时长阈值Tab. 1 Urban green space recreation services of various types and travel duration thresholds |
| 类型 | 蓝色游憩服务主导 | 绿色游憩服务主导 | 出行时长阈值/min | |||
| 个数 | 总面积/hm2 | 个数 | 总面积/hm2 | |||
| 综合公园 | 15 | 814.60 | 31 | 1 247.74 | ≤15 | |
| 社区公园 | 2 | 10.90 | 69 | 240.92 | ≤10 | |
| 专类公园 | 4 | 171.22 | 19 | 475.67 | ≤15 | |
| 游园 | 0 | 0 | 183 | 176.26 | ≤5 | |
| 风景游憩绿地 | 4 | 168.65 | 10 | 1 229.96 | ≤15 | |
图3 不同步行时长下城市绿地游憩服务网络的空间分布(3-1)、全局效率(3-2)、孤立点占比(3-3)Fig. 3 Spatial distribution (3-1), overall efficiency (3-2) and proportion of isolated nodes (3-3) of recreation service networks of urban green space under different walking durations |
图4 不同骑行时长下城市绿地游憩服务网络的空间分布(4-1)、全局效率(4-2)、孤立点占比(4-3)Fig. 4 Spatial distribution (4-1), overall efficiency (4-2) and proportion of isolated nodes (4-3) of recreation service networks of urban green space under different cycling durations |
表2 核心集聚功能节点类型占比Tab. 2 Proportion of core agglomeration function nodes |
| 出行模式 | 5 min | 10 min | 15 min | |||||
| 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | |||
| 步行 | 0 | 3.57 | 2.99 | 2.99 | 1.27 | 5.06 | ||
| 骑行 | 0 | 2.60 | 2.63 | 1.32 | 7.23 | 9.64 | ||
| 驾车 | 0.32 | 4.46 | 2.60 | 10.39 | 14.46 | 26.51 | ||
表3 边缘汇聚功能节点类型占比Tab. 3 Proportion of edge convergence function nodes |
| 出行模式 | 5 min | 10 min | 15 min | |||||
| 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | |||
| 步行 | 4.91 | 43.75 | 7.46 | 52.99 | 21.52 | 50.63 | ||
| 骑行 | 6.49 | 85.06 | 13.16 | 80.92 | 19.28 | 61.45 | ||
| 驾车 | 6.37 | 84.71 | 13.64 | 73.38 | 13.25 | 45.78 | ||
表4 关键连通功能节点类型占比Tab. 4 Proportion of key connection function nodes |
| 出行模式 | 5 min | 10 min | 15 min | |||||
| 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | |||
| 步行 | 2.23 | 4.91 | 2.99 | 9.70 | 2.53 | 10.13 | ||
| 骑行 | 0.32 | 5.52 | 0 | 1.97 | 0 | 2.41 | ||
| 驾车 | 0.64 | 3.50 | 0.65 | 1.95 | 0 | 0 | ||
表5 弱接连通功能节点类型占比Tab. 5 Proportion of weak connection function nodes |
| 出行模式 | 5 min | 10 min | 15 min | |||||
| 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | 蓝色服务 节点占比 | 绿色服务 节点占比 | |||
| 步行 | 2.68 | 42.41 | 7.46 | 46.27 | 20.25 | 45.57 | ||
| 骑行 | 6.17 | 82.14 | 15.79 | 80.26 | 26.51 | 68.67 | ||
| 驾车 | 6.05 | 85.67 | 15.58 | 81.82 | 27.71 | 72.29 | ||
图8 不同出行模式下城市绿地游憩服务网络不同类型节点分布Fig. 8 Distribution of various types of nodes in urban green space recreation service networks under different travel modes |
文中图表均由作者绘制,其中图1、3~5、6~8底图审图号为鄂S(2023)009号。
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