城市荒野的生态与文化价值研究进展
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李嘉宁/男/北京大学城市与环境学院在读博士研究生/水利部水生态保护和水利遗产重点实验室成员/研究方向为设计生态学、乡村振兴研究与实践 |
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王志勇/男/博士/中国环境科学研究院助理研究员/研究方向为生态保护修复监管理论与方法、区域生态文明战略 |
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吴珊珊/女/博士/北京大学建筑与景观设计学院讲师/水利部水生态保护和水利遗产重点实验室成员/研究方向为生态修复、景观服务与绩效评估 |
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谢梦云/女/博士/武汉大学城市设计学院讲师/研究方向为景观美学、乡村振兴研究与实践 |
Copy editor: 边紫琳
收稿日期: 2023-06-01
修回日期: 2023-11-11
网络出版日期: 2025-12-11
基金资助
国家社会科学基金后期资助一般项目“《东京梦华录》中的城市空间意象研究”(23FYSB047)
国家重点研发计划“城市水生态修复技术与功能评价”(2016YFC0401105)
国家自然科学基金面上项目“城市水适应性景观的水文调控机制及绩效评估”(51678002)
版权
Progress of Research on Ecological and Cultural Values of Urban Wilderness
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LI Jianing is a Ph.D. candidate in the College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, and a member of Ministry of Water Resources Key Laboratory for Hydro-ecology and Hydraulic Heritage. His research focuses on design ecology, and rural revitalization research and practice |
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WANG Zhiyong, Ph.D., is an assistant research fellow in the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences. His research focuses on theory and approach in ecosystem protection, restoration, and supervision, and strategy on regional ecological civilization |
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WU Shanshan, Ph.D., is a lecturer in the College of Architecture and Landscape, Peking University, and a member of Ministry of Water Resources Key Laboratory for Hydro-ecology and Hydraulic Heritage. Her research focuses on ecological restoration, and landscape service and performance assessment |
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XIE Mengyun, Ph.D., is a lecturer in the School of Urban Design, Wuhan University. Her research focuses on landscape aesthetics, and rural revitalization research and practice |
Received date: 2023-06-01
Revised date: 2023-11-11
Online published: 2025-12-11
Copyright
【目的】在当前中国生态文明建设的背景下,城市荒野的生态价值和文化价值日益凸显。理解城市荒野的综合价值可以为城市规划和管理提供重要参考,进而引导城市荒野的保护和恢复工作,促进社区参与和公众教育,提升居民的生活质量和福祉。【方法】在解析城市荒野概念内涵的基础上,聚焦其生态价值与文化价值,对30年来国内外研究进展进行梳理,总结共识,探讨未来可深入推进的方向。【结果】发现学界对城市荒野的理解可归纳为3种倾向:注重特定地点生态特性的城市荒野地、强调居民野性感知的野性体验点、结合生态与体验的城市荒野景观及城市野境。从生态视角来看,不同类型的城市荒野对应着保持或恢复自然主导作用的不同历程,其高度的自我调节能力形成的野性自然为城市提供了多种生态系统服务;从文化视角来看,居民的自然形象、景观偏好和景观体验与城市荒野的意象、评价、求趣与寄情相关联。【结论】基于对城市荒野生态价值与文化价值的辨析,总结出3个方面的联系以供后续研究探讨:1)城市荒野的动态演变是促进荒野感知的关键特征;2)城市荒野以自然过程为主导的特征对文化感知具有双重作用;3)生态与文化视角的融合共同影响着城市荒野生态系统的稳定性和发展前景。可为风景园林领域的从业者和研究者提出建议。
李嘉宁 , 王志勇 , 吴珊珊 , 谢梦云 . 城市荒野的生态与文化价值研究进展[J]. 风景园林, 2024 , 31(1) : 89 -96 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.202306010255
[Objective] In the context of enhanced construction of ecological civilization in China, the concept of urban green development and urban organic renewal continue to advance, the nature-based technology for rewilding of urban ecological space is rapidly developing, and the public’s awareness of ecological protection has increased, making the ecological and cultural values of urban wilderness increasingly prominent. The protection, restoration, and development of urban wilderness play an important role in increasing urban biodiversity, promoting the sustainability of urban ecosystem, enriching the cultural connotation of urban landscape, improving residents’ quality of life, and promoting cultural identity and community cohesion. [Methods] This research analyzes the concept and connotation of urban wilderness with a focus on the ecological and cultural values of urban wilderness. With “urban” and “wilderness or wildness or wildscape” as theme search terms, the research reviews the progress of relevant researches at home and abroad over the past 30 years through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) core journals, CSSCI, CSCD, and “Web of Science” databases. Moreover, the research summarizes the existing research consensus, and discusses future research directions to be further explored. [Results] The research shows that there are three tendencies in the academic understanding of urban wilderness, including “urban wilderness areas” that focus on the ecological characteristics of specific locations, “wildness experience points” that emphasize the wildness experience of urban residents, and “urban wildscape” and “urban wildness” that combine ecological characteristics of specific locations with resident experience. Different types of urban wilderness correspond to different processes of maintaining or restoring natural dominance. The wild nature formed by the high self-regulation capability of urban wilderness can provide ecological support services, provisioning services, regulating services, and cultural services to the city. These services play an important role in promoting urban sustainable development, improving residents’ quality of life, and promoting harmonious coexistence between human and the natural environment. However, compared to the support services and cultural services, regulating services and provisioning services still lack empirical research. Subsequent research may focus on performance evaluation of urban wilderness practice projects centering around the regulating services and provisioning services to comprehensively reveal the ecological value of urban wilderness. The research from the cultural perspective of urban wilderness mainly emphasizes residents’ subjective perception and experience at the spiritual level, involving residents’ natural image, landscape preference, and landscape experience of urban wilderness. Residents’ natural image of urban wilderness corresponds to residents’ perception of urban wilderness. On the one hand, the nature-dominated characteristics of urban wilderness may evoke contradictory perceptions. On the other hand, personal growth environment, frequency of contact with urban wilderness, values, and cultural backgrounds may also influence residents’ understanding and cognition of the natural image of urban wilderness. Residents’ landscape preference for urban wilderness reflects their specific evaluations of wildness. The spatial structure, management level and accessibility of urban wilderness, as well as residents’ age, gender, education level, cultural background, etc., may all influence their preferences for urban wilderness. Therefore, it is helpful to increase the public’s understanding, appreciation, and awareness of the ecological, economic, and cultural values of wilderness landscape through multimedia science popularization activities. Residents’ experience in urban wilderness is related to their pursuit of interest and emotional attachment to the wilderness. There is a consensus among scholars on endowing wilderness spaces with a core meaning of “experience”. Urban residents can experience wilderness by combining sensory experience and imagination. Urban wilderness also helps urban residents form attachment to places, thereby enhancing their self-esteem and personal identity. Therefore, designers may create private spaces for solitude and contemplation, set up viewing platforms to experience seasonal changes, and provide various recreational facilities to enrich residents’ experiences in urban wilderness. [Conclusion] Based on the analysis of the ecological and cultural values of urban wilderness, this research summarizes three aspects of the connection between the ecological and cultural characteristics and values of urban wilderness for future exploration: the dynamic evolution of urban wilderness is a key feature that promotes wilderness perception; the nature-dominated characteristics of urban wilderness have a dual effect on cultural perception; the integration of ecological and cultural perspectives jointly influences the stability and development prospects of urban wilderness ecosystems. Finally, the research proposes several development suggestions for practitioners and researchers in landscape planning and design, including the formulation of technical indicators related to urban wilderness, the systematic identification and evaluation of urban wilderness areas that need protection and restoration, the determination of corresponding conservation and management requirements, the enhancement of publicity and education to promote public participation, and the promotion of multi-sector cooperation to form a multi-participation work pattern.
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