城市绿色空间改善老年人睡眠质量的多学科证据综述
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康宁/女/博士/清华大学建筑学院助理教授/绿色疗法与康养景观研究中心副主任/研究方向为绿色空间与公共健康、植物景观与近自然修复设计 |
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谢涵/女/清华大学建筑学院在读硕士研究生/研究方向为医疗机构康复景观规划设计、绿色空间与公共健康 |
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江涛/男/清华大学建筑学院在读硕士研究生/研究方向为社区康养景观规划设计、绿色空间与公共健康 |
Copy editor: 李清清
收稿日期: 2025-04-23
修回日期: 2025-06-09
网络出版日期: 2025-12-09
基金资助
国家自然科学基金“北京地区城市森林疗养空间特征识别及健康效益定量评价”(51908310)
版权
A Review of Multidisciplinary Evidence on the Role of Urban Green Space in Improving the Sleep Quality of the Elderly
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KANG Ning, Ph.D., is an assistant professor in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, and deputy director of the Research Center for Green Therapy and Health Landscape. Her research focuses on green space and public health, and plantscape and near-natural restoration design |
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XIE Han is a master student in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. Her research focuses on planning and design of therapeutic landscape in medical institutions, and green space and public health |
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JIANG Tao is a master student in the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University. His research focuses on planning and design of health landscape in communities, and green space and public health |
Received date: 2025-04-23
Revised date: 2025-06-09
Online published: 2025-12-09
Copyright
随着人口老龄化加剧,睡眠障碍已成为威胁老年群体身心健康的重要公共卫生问题。城市绿色空间具有低成本、普惠性特征,可通过自然疗愈作用实现老年人睡眠质量改善。基于跨学科视角,城市绿色空间与老年人睡眠健康的复杂关联机制亟须梳理。
以Web of Science和中国知网为基础数据库,将筛选出与老年人睡眠健康相关的452篇学术文献,进行分类归纳,开展学科谱系分析。
老年睡眠障碍受生理-心理特征内在作用机制与环境外源性压力的双重影响,而城市绿色空间通过环境调节、行为促进、社交支持及压力缓解等多维路径,可辅助调节昼夜节律、延长深度睡眠时长并降低睡眠片段化程度。同时,健康效益存在显著个体差异并受传统养生文化的影响。
未来需在深化机制研究的基础上,构建“科学研究—处方制定—设计实施—效果评价”的全流程框架,重点针对不同老年人类群的精准化设计和活动方案,为实现健康老龄化提供创新解决方案。
康宁 , 谢涵 , 江涛 . 城市绿色空间改善老年人睡眠质量的多学科证据综述[J]. 风景园林, 2025 , 32(7) : 30 -37 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.LA20250223
Sleep disorders pose a significant threat to the physical and mental health of the elderly and have emerged as one of the key public health challenges in aging societies. As accessible natural elements within urban environments, green spaces offer unique advantages for improving environmental quality, regulating microclimates, and promoting physical and mental relaxation, offering new perspectives for interventions targeting sleep health among the elderly. However, current research remains fragmented regarding the underlying mechanisms and lacks systematic integration of optimization pathways. This gap urgently necessitates in-depth exploration from multidisciplinary perspectives. This research aims to synthesize multidisciplinary theories in order to construct a systematic evidence framework elucidating the association between urban green spaces and sleep health of the elderly, thereby providing a scientific basis for optimizing the design of age-friendly urban spaces.
This research searches the Web of Science database for English-language literature and the CNKI database for Chinese-language literature published since 2000 regarding the role of green spaces in promoting sleep health of the elderly. Literature inclusion criteria: 1) Research objects should be aged 60 or above; 2) research types include empirical research, review, and meta-analysis; 3) publication date should be within the period from January 1, 2000, to the search cutoff date (January 1, 2025). After strict screening, a total of 452 literature articles are ultimately identified for inclusion and analysis.
It is found through analysis that relevant research primarily focuses on disciplines including geriatrics and gerontology, neuroscience and neurology, psychiatry, psychology, behavioral science, sociology, rehabilitation medicine, exercise science, environmental science, and ecology. The decline in sleep quality of the elderly stems from the interplay between age-related physiological decline and multiple environmental factors. The underlying mechanisms can be categorized into two dimensions: 1) Intrinsic physiological – psychological mechanisms, involving degenerative changes in sleep structure and circadian rhythms, along with the superimposed effects of chronic diseases; 2) extrinsic environmental stress systems, involving stress responses induced by noise pollution, circadian rhythm disruption resulting from light pollution, oxidative stress damage caused by carbon-oxygen imbalance and air pollution, as well as the environmental – psychological dilemmas associated with social isolation. Urban green spaces contribute to regulating circadian rhythms, prolonging deep sleep duration, and reducing sleep fragmentation via multiple pathways: 1) Environmental regulation: improving microclimates through green vegetation, optimizing air quality, and attenuating noise to enhance the acoustic environment; 2) behavioral promotion: facilitating physical activity within green spaces; 3) social support: cognitive restoration promoted by natural landscapes and the environmental – psychological benefits of social interaction; 4) stress relief: natural regulation of HPA axis activity and green-mediated inhibition of inflammatory responses; 5) circadian regulation: regulation via natural light exposure. Significant individual variations in these health benefits, influenced by genetics, are also identified. Genetically, polymorphisms in circadian rhythm genes influence sleep patterns of the elderly. Regarding the microbiome, the gut-brain axis plays a crucial role. The elderly with genetically susceptible gut microbiota may experience distinct sleep improvement effects from green spaces compared to those with more stable gut microbiota compositions. Additionally, culturally-specific lifestyle patterns and attitudes toward nature may lead to variations in sleep improvement outcomes among the elderly from diverse cultural backgrounds when they use green spaces.
Research on improving sleep health of the elderly must transcend single-discipline limitations, integrating theories and research methods from multiple fields including geriatrics and gerontology, neuroscience and neurology, psychiatry, psychology, behavioral science, sociology, rehabilitation medicine, exercise science, and environmental science and ecology. This interdisciplinary approach is essential to collaboratively unravel the pathways of the “green spaces – physiological + psychological responses – sleep quality” mechanism. To further improve sleep quality of the elderly, it is essential to enhance the “intervention dosage” (impact) of urban green spaces through multi-dimensional approaches and establish a systematic, precision-oriented “green sleep prescription” system. As the primary and most frequently accessed green spaces for the elderly, community green spaces and residential greening constitute critical foundational elements for enhancing sleep health. Leveraging their inherent advantages of convenient accessibility and high usage frequency, they play an irreplaceable, proactive, and sustained role in improving sleep quality. Consequently, prioritizing the advancement of their planning, design, and functional optimization is imperative. Finally, rigorous evaluation of the effectiveness of sleep quality improvement interventions is essential. In summary, future research should establish a complete closed loop of “scientific research − prescription development − design implementation − effect evaluation”, grounded in deepened mechanistic understanding. This effort should focus on achieving breakthroughs in precision design and tailored activity plans for diverse elderly groups, providing innovative solutions for healthy aging and a scientific basis for implementing the “Healthy China” strategy.
Key words: nature therapy; urban green space; sleep health; the elderly; green prescription
文中图片均由作者绘制。
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