夜间户外环境对居民健康影响的研究进展
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陈崇贤/男/博士/华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院副教授/研究方向为风景园林规划设计与理论 |
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熊心蕊/女/华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院在读硕士研究生/研究方向为风景园林规划设计与理论 |
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林广思/男/博士/华南理工大学建筑学院教授/亚热带建筑与城市科学全国重点实验室固定研究人员/本刊副主编/研究方向为风景园林规划设计及理论、风景园林教育 |
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刘京一/男/博士/华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院副教授/研究方向为风景园林规划设计与理论 |
Copy editor: 刘昱霏
收稿日期: 2025-02-27
修回日期: 2025-06-03
网络出版日期: 2025-12-09
基金资助
国家自然科学基金“昼夜情境下社区绿地适老休闲服务效能影响机制及增效途径研究”(32471934)
广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“在地养老视角下乡村地区老年支持性户外空间设计研究”(GD23XYS068)
版权
Research Progress on the Impact of Nighttime Outdoor Environments on Residents’ Health
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CHEN Chongxian, Ph.D., is an associate professor in the College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University. His research focuses on landscape planning and design and theory of landscape architecture |
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XIONG Xinrui is a master student in the College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University. Her research focuses on landscape planning and design and theory of landscape architecture |
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LIN Guangsi, Ph.D., is a professor in the School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, a fixed research fellow in the State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building and Urban Science, and a deputy editor-in-chief of this journal. His research focuses on landscape planning and design and theory of landscape architecture, and education of landscape architecture |
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LIU Jingyi, Ph.D., is an associate professor and master supervisor in the College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University. Her research focuses on landscape planning and design and theory of landscape architecture |
Received date: 2025-02-27
Revised date: 2025-06-03
Online published: 2025-12-09
Copyright
随着“24小时城市”理念的兴起,夜间户外环境对居民健康的影响日益受到关注,有必要系统性认识其具体的健康效应及作用机制。
通过文献检索与筛选,系统梳理了夜间户外环境与居民健康相关的中英文文献,分析了其研究进展与热点,并从研究内容、方法和作用机制3个层面进行总结。
1)当前研究内容主要聚焦于夜间气候、声音及视觉环境因素对居民健康的影响,尤其关注这些因素对心脑血管系统、睡眠质量、心理状态及癌症风险等方面的作用;2)昼夜节律(生理)、夜间安全感(心理)和夜间休闲活动(行为)是目前研究主要关注的健康作用机制。3)当前研究主要通过遥感测量、实地测量、环境监测和主观评价等方法获取环境数据,并结合问卷调查法、临床诊断法或生理测量法评估夜间户外环境对居民健康影响,但在数据精度、实时性和动态性方面仍存在不足。
未来研究需关注更加综合的环境要素,采用多维数据,深入探究夜间户外环境对居民健康影响的复杂作用机制,为健康导向的夜间环境规划与管理提供科学支撑。
陈崇贤 , 熊心蕊 , 林广思 , 刘京一 . 夜间户外环境对居民健康影响的研究进展[J]. 风景园林, 2025 , 32(7) : 21 -29 . DOI: 10.3724/j.fjyl.LA20250126
With the emergence of the “24-hour city” concept and the increasing diversification of the nighttime lifestyles and activities of urban residents, the impact of nighttime outdoor environments on public health has received growing attention. At the same time, the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of nighttime outdoor environments, in contrast to daytime conditions and activities, has intensified scholarly interest in the relationship between nighttime environmental factors and residents’ health. As research in this area continues to expand, there is an urgent need to synthesize existing knowledge, identify current limitations, and provide guidance for future investigations. In view of this, this research aims to develop an integrated perspective on the health impacts of nighttime outdoor environments, elucidate key mechanistic pathways, and evaluate measurement approaches for both environmental and health indicators. The ultimate goal is to provide a scientific foundation for health-oriented nighttime urban planning and policymaking.
This research conducts a comprehensive review of Chinese and English literature on nighttime outdoor environments and public health, using publications retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases that span the period from 1999 to 2025. A structured literature retrieval and screening process is applied to ensure relevance and quality. Research trends and key topics are analyzed and summarized across three main dimensions: research focus, methodological approaches, and mechanistic pathways. The objective is to identify existing gaps and limitations in the literature and to inform future research directions.
1) Current research primarily explores the health effects of nocturnal climatic factors, auditory factors, and visual environmental factors, with particular attention to their associations with cardiovascular health, sleep quality, psychological well-being, and cancer risk. However, the combined or synergistic effects of these environmental factors have been insufficiently investigated. Similarly, while night noise pollution is widely recognized as detrimental, the potential effects of natural sounds, such as rain sounds and wind sounds, on buffering or mitigating the perceived negative impact of noise pollution have received limited attention in existing research. 2) Key mechanistic pathways include circadian rhythm disruption (physiological), perceived nighttime safety (psychological), and engagement in nighttime recreational activities (behavioral). Specifically, the nighttime outdoor environment acts as a critical factor in disrupting circadian rhythms by suppressing melatonin secretion, altering core body temperature regulation, and affecting nocturnal neural activity. Perceived safety serves as an important mediator of health outcomes, particularly for vulnerable populations such as women and the elderly, as it directly influences their willingness and motivation to participate in nighttime activities. Additionally, nighttime recreational activities function as a vital medium for interaction between individuals and their environment, with the realization of health benefits depending on the combined influence of multiple environmental factors. However, existing research primarily relies on single exposure pathways, lacking a systematic investigation into how multisensory stimuli in nighttime environments influence physiological regulation, emotional responses, and behavioral changes through neural feedback mechanisms. Furthermore, such research often overlooks how physiological reactions, subjective perceptions, and behavioral outcomes interact with each other. 3) Existing research mainly utilizes remote sensing, field measurements, environmental monitoring, and subjective evaluations to collect environmental data. These are often combined with surveys, clinical diagnostics, or physiological assessments to evaluate health outcomes. However, existing research primarily focuses on the health impacts of static nighttime exposure levels, while overlooking the temporal dynamics of nighttime environmental factors and their quantitatively dynamic relationships with individuals’ actual exposure levels.
Future research should apply a multidimensional approach that integrates environmental factors with advanced data collection and analytical methods to better understand the complex mechanisms linking nighttime outdoor environments to health outcomes. It is also necessary to deepen the understanding of multilayered health impact pathways by establishing interdisciplinary frameworks that link environmental exposure, physiological stress, behavioral responses, and health outcomes. Moreover, efforts should focus on integrating multi-source data and encouraging methodological innovation to support the development of high-resolution, individualized exposure – response databases. The incorporation of emerging technologies, such as wearable sensors and ecological momentary assessment tools, offers promising opportunities to capture real-time, context-specific exposure data. These advancements will support more precise and dynamic analyses of exposure – health relationships and provide a robust scientific foundation for health-oriented nighttime urban planning and policymaking.
表1 夜间户外环境要素对居民健康的具体影响[1, 13-46]Table 1 Specific impact of nighttime outdoor environmental factors on residents’ health[1, 13-46] |
| 环境要素类型 | 具体要素 | 健康影响 | 主要结论 |
| 气候环境 | 夜间环境温度 | 心脑血管系统 | 夜间高温暴露促使中风、脑卒中等心脑血管疾病负担增加[13];夜间寒潮与冠心病相关[14] |
| 睡眠质量 | 夜间温度升高与睡眠不足呈正相关[15] | ||
| 心理健康 | 热夜[16]和冷夜[17]对精神分裂有不利影响 | ||
| 夜间空气质量 | 心脑血管系统 | PM2.5在夜间对急性心肌梗死的急诊率的影响大于白天[18] | |
| 睡眠质量 | 夜间暴露于高浓度的空气污染中会使睡眠满意度降低、睡眠时间缩短[19] | ||
| 声学环境 | 夜间环境噪声 | 心脑血管系统 | 夜间环境噪声可能会导致动脉高血压[20]、中风[21]等各类心脑血管疾病 |
| 消化功能 | 长期暴露于夜间环境噪声会影响消化性溃疡[22] | ||
| 免疫功能 | 暴露在夜间噪声中往往会增加患特应性皮炎、哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的风险[23] | ||
| 睡眠质量 | 夜间环境噪声与睡眠觉醒概率、睡眠连续性紧密相关[24] | ||
| 心理健康 | 夜间住宅交通噪声与抑郁、焦虑等较差的心理健康相关[25] | ||
| 视觉环境 | 夜间户外光照 | 癌症风险 | 夜间户外光照与乳腺癌[26]、前列腺癌[27]、胰腺癌[28]、肺癌[29]、甲状腺癌[30]、结直肠癌[31]等多种癌症相关 |
| 代谢功能 | 夜间户外光照与2型糖尿病[32]、儿童肥胖症[33]等代谢类疾病相关 | ||
| 心脑血管系统 | 过高和过低的夜间户外人造光暴露都与心脑血管疾病风险增加相关[34] | ||
| 免疫功能 | 在青春期长期暴露于较高强度的户外夜间光线中可能会增加成年早期特应性疾病的发病风险[35-36] | ||
| 神经认知功能 | 户外人造光暴露与痴呆症[37]、军人认知障碍[38]和儿童执行功能障碍[39]相关 | ||
| 睡眠质量 | 较高的夜间户外光照与较差的睡眠质量相关[40] | ||
| 心理健康 | 夜间户外光照与抑郁症、焦虑症[41]、孤独症[42]和自杀[43]以及安全感[44]等相关 | ||
| 其他视觉要素 | 代谢功能 | 夜间步行环境质量对糖尿病有影响[1] | |
| 心理健康 | 建筑密度更高的地方安全感知更高,而缺乏管理的绿化可能会降低安全感知[45-46] |
表2 用于研究夜间户外环境与居民健康关系的测度方法[1, 9, 13-15, 18, 20, 22-23, 26, 37, 39, 40-41, 44, 76-78]Table 2 Measurement methods for the relationship between nighttime outdoor environment and residents’ health[1, 9, 13-15, 18, 20, 22-23, 26, 37, 39, 40-41, 44, 76-78] |
| 指标类型 | 测度方法 | 测度对象 | 主要特点 |
| 环境指标 | 遥感测量法 | 空气污染物[20]、夜间户外光照[39, 76]、土地利用类型[14]等 | 可快速获取大尺度数据,但空间分辨率受限 |
| 实地测量法 | 夜间环境噪声[77]、夜间户外光照[44]等 | 数据精度高,适合局部评估,但人力和时间成本较高 | |
| 环境监测法 | 环境温度[13, 15]、环境湿度[13]、空气污染物[14, 18]、夜间环境噪声[23]等 | 时序长且覆盖广,但存在短时动态和空间均匀性不足 | |
| 主观评估法 | 夜间环境噪声[9]、步行环境质量[1]等 | 能够反映人对环境的真实感受,但存在个体偏差 | |
| 健康指标 | 问卷调查法 | 睡眠质量[40]、心理状态[44]、神经认知功能[39]等 | 便捷高效,反应真实感受,但存在主观偏差影响 |
| 生理测量法 | 睡眠质量[77]、心理状态[41]、心脑血管功能[78]等 | 能够客观量化生理反应,但对设备要求高,容易受外界干扰 | |
| 临床诊断法 | 神经认知功能[37]、消化系统[22]、癌症风险[26]、心脑血管系统[13]、免疫功能[23]等 | 专业性强,但成本高,耗时费力,涉及伦理问题 |
文中图表均由作者绘制。
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