Fig. 3 Composition of plant communities and species attributes. (a), species cover; (b), Shannon-Wiener index; (c), Simpson index; (d), non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis; (e1-e3), plant density; (f1-f3), importance value (IV); (g1-g3) biomass. A. mongolicum, Allium mongolicum Regel; A. capillaris, Artemisia capillaris Thunb.; A. gobicus, Asparagus gobicus Ivanova ex Grubov; C. album, Chenopodium album L.; K. gracile, Kalidium gracile Fenzl.; L. angustus, Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilg.; N. tangutorum, Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov; P. harmala; Peganum harmala L.; R. songarica, Reaumuria songarica (Pall.) Maxim; Z. mucronatum, Zygophyllum mucronatum Maxim. Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences at P<0.050 level among different groups or plant species. Bars in Figure 3e1-e3, f1-f3, and g1-g3 are standard errors.
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