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张春燕(1990-),女,本科,工程师,主要从事天气预报及研究工作. E-mail: 18919457866@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-09-14
修回日期: 2024-12-16
网络出版日期: 2026-03-11
基金资助
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41975015)
甘肃省气象局气象科研项目(ZcMs2024-B-23)
甘肃省自然科学基金(24JRRH003)
Causes and transport characteristics of two strong sandstorms in summer and autumn in the Hexi Corridor
Received date: 2024-09-14
Revised date: 2024-12-16
Online published: 2026-03-11
张春燕 , 李岩瑛 , 吴雯 , 陈静 , 马幸蔚 , 聂鑫 . 河西走廊夏秋季2次强沙尘暴天气成因及传输特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025 , 48(8) : 1363 -1373 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.556
In the summer of 2023, the Hexi Corridor, northwest China experienced its most intense regional high-temperature drought in nearly 60 years, accompanied by frequent wind and dust events. Notably, on September 6—7, Minqin County recorded its most severe sandstorm in almost 40 years. This study investigates two significant sandstorm events (on August 16, on September 6—7) in the Hexi Corridor during the summer and autumn of 2023. The evolution of meteorological elements, synoptic conditions, and boundary layer characteristics preceding the events is analyzed. The sources and transport pathways of dust are determined using the HYSPLIT model’s backward trajectory analysis and Sunflower 8 dust monitoring. The findings are as follows: (1) The regional high temperatures and drought provided ample material conditions for sandstorm development. (2) Synoptic analysis reveals that low-pressure troughs between 65°-85°E and 50°-58°N, combined with a stepped trough pattern from eastern Xinjiang to the Hexi Corridor and mesoscale shear, contributed to the events. At 500 hPa, the cold center intensity was ≤−20 ℃; at 700 hPa, it was ≤0 ℃. The mid-level jet exceeded 20 m·s−1, the low-level jet exceeded 14 m·s−1, and the K index was ≥21 ℃. Convergence occurred below 700 hPa (divergence ≤-0.75×10−5 s−1), and divergence occurred between 700-650 hPa (divergence ≥0.75×10−5 s−1). Ascending motion was observed between 800-600 hPa with intensity ≤−0.6 hPa·s−1. Below 700 hPa was a region of positive vorticity with intensity ≥0.75×10−5 s−1. (3) When the dust source is primarily local, near-surface humidity is the key factor influencing sandstorm intensity. (4) Compared to spring events, sandstorms in summer and autumn require stronger vertical motion, higher wind speeds, and larger 3 h pressure differentials for formation.
表1 河西走廊夏秋季与春季沙尘暴要素对比Tab. 1 Comparison of sandstorm elements in Hexi Corridor in summer, autumn and spring |
| 沙尘暴发生季节 | 影响系统 | 中低空急流/m·s-1 | 垂直速度/10-5 hPa·s-1 | 近地层风速/m·s-1 | 冷锋前后3 h变压差/hPa | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 500 hPa | 地面 | 500 hPa | 700 hPa | |||||
| 春季 | 长波槽、横槽 | 冷锋、蒙古气旋 | 20 | 12 | -0.2 | 7.2 | 4.0 | |
| 夏秋季 | 阶梯槽、短波槽 | 冷锋、中尺度切变 | 20 | 14 | -0.3 | 9.0 | 6.0 | |
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