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郭琪(1999-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事水土保持与荒漠化防治研究. E-mail: gq7q7q7@126.com |
收稿日期: 2024-09-15
修回日期: 2024-12-10
网络出版日期: 2026-03-11
基金资助
内蒙古自治区自然基金项目(2021BS03039)
内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(BR220504)
内蒙古自治区高等学校创新团队发展计划(NMGIRT2408)
Grain size characteristics of wind-blown sand transport on several underlying surfaces under strong wind conditions in Inner Mongolia section of Ejina-Hami Railway
Received date: 2024-09-15
Revised date: 2024-12-10
Online published: 2026-03-11
通过对戈壁区额哈铁路内蒙古段不同下垫面风沙流中沙粒粒度特征进行分析,结合野外观测与室内激光粒度分析方法,揭示戈壁区铁路沿线砾质荒漠、流动沙丘、剥蚀丘陵戈壁及其对应的防护措施在风沙作用下的风沙流输沙的粒度特性。结果表明:(1) 额哈铁路K728+000~K843+000段下垫面沙粒主要由细砂、中砂和极细砂组成,粒度频率曲线呈单峰分布,风沙流结构在自然条件及风沙防治工程下均呈指数分布,且不同高度层砂粒组分存在显著差异。(2) 在自然条件下,0~4 cm层沙物质变化不显著,而在4~10 cm层,极细砂和细砂易被风力携带至更高层。10~50 cm层主要由细砂与中砂组成,占比83.57%。风沙防治工程在低层(0~20 cm)能减缓53.98%的细砂和中砂含量,高层(20~50 cm)则有效截留37.47%的极细砂。(3) 在0~50 cm高度内,各粒度组分的垂直分异现象显著。随着高度的升高,平均粒径变小,细砂的含量呈现出逐渐增多的趋势。各下垫面的风沙流中,极细砂和细砂的含量与高度之间存在显著的相关性(P≤0.05)。分选系数、峰度值和偏度值会随着高度的增加而增大,当高度超过50 cm,风沙流中的沙物质分选性出现变差,各粒度特征变化不明显。
郭琪 , 闫敏 , 左合君 , 刘亚琪 , 徐福建 , 姜春钰 . 额哈铁路内蒙古段大风条件下几种下垫面风沙流输沙的粒度特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025 , 48(12) : 2158 -2168 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.560
This study investigates the grain size characteristics of wind-blown sand flow over the gravel desert, moving sand dunes, and eroded hills, as well as the corresponding protective measures along a railway in the Gobi area. The study is based on an analysis of the grain size characteristics of sand particles in the wind-blown sand flows of different underlying surfaces in the Inner Mongolia section of the Ejina-Hami (E-Ha) Railway, in the Gobi area, combined with field observations and indoor laser-based particle-size analysis methods. Results revealed that the sand on the underlying surface of the K728+000~K843+000 section of the E-Ha Railway was mainly composed of fine sand, medium sand, and very fine sand. The particle-size frequency curve shows one peak distribution. The sand flow structure was exponentially distributed under natural conditions and sand control projects, and the sand composition differed significantly at various heights. In addition, under natural conditions, there was no significant change in sand material in the 0-4 cm layer, whereas in the 4-10 cm layer, very fine sand and fine sand were easily carried to higher levels by wind. The 10-50 cm layer was primarily composed of fine and medium sand, accounting for 83.57% of the railway sand. The blown-sand prevention and control project can decrease the fine and medium sand content in the low layer (0-20 cm) by 53.98% and effectively intercept 37.47% of the very fine sand in the high layer (20-50 cm). Lastly, in the height range of 0-50 cm, the vertical differentiation of each particle size component was significant. When the height increased, the average particle size decreased and the content of fine sand gradually increased. In the wind-blown sand flow of each underlying surface, there was a significant correlation between the contents of very fine sand and fine sand and height (P≤0.05). The sorting coefficient, kurtosis value, and skewness value increased with increasing height. When the height exceeded 50 cm, the sorting of sand in the wind-sand flow became worse and the characteristics of each particle size did not change significantly.
表1 不同下垫面表层沙样颗粒级配表Tab. 1 Particle gradation table of surface sand samples on different underlying surfaces |
| 编号 | 土样采集地区 | 粗砂 (Φ<1)/% | 中砂 (Φ1~2)/% | 细砂 (Φ2~3)/% | 极细砂 (Φ3~4)/% | 粉粒 (Φ4~9)/% | 黏粒 (Φ>9)/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDSQ | 流动沙丘 | 2.98 | 34.50 | 39.59 | 18.21 | 1.75 | 2.97 |
| NLW+SS | 尼龙网方格+梭梭措施 | 0.56 | 45.93 | 52.46 | 1.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| BSQL | 剥蚀丘陵戈壁 | 7.56 | 45.93 | 45.46 | 1.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
| NLW | 尼龙网方格沙障措施 | 0.02 | 19.68 | 71.21 | 8.40 | 0.26 | 0.43 |
| LZHM | 砾质荒漠 | 4.15 | 29.28 | 56.96 | 7.49 | 0.24 | 1.88 |
| SS | 梭梭林措施 | 3.88 | 50.46 | 41.38 | 3.63 | 0.13 | 0.52 |
表2 不同下垫面沙粒粒度参数特征Tab. 2 Characteristics of sand particle size parameters on different underlying surfaces |
| 编号 | 土样采集地区 | 平均粒径(MZ) | 分选系数(σ) | 偏度(SK) | 峰态(KG) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDSQ | 流动沙丘 | 2.063 | 0.712 | 0.244 | 3.359 |
| NLW+SS | 尼龙网方格+梭梭措施 | 2.569 | 1.374 | -0.138 | 1.372 |
| BSQL | 剥蚀丘陵戈壁 | 0.953 | 3.745 | 0.357 | 2.135 |
| NLW | 梭梭林措施 | 3.572 | 2.003 | 0.197 | 1.757 |
| LZHM | 砾质荒漠 | 1.079 | 2.627 | 0.207 | 2.957 |
| SS | 尼龙网方格沙障措施 | 2.311 | 2.151 | 0.217 | 2.679 |
表3 不同下垫面风沙流中沙物质粒度特征与高度的关系(R2>0.7)Tab. 3 Relationship between grain size characteristics and height of sand material in wind-blown sand flow on different underlying surfaces (R2>0.7) |
| 编号 | 组分 | 高度/cm | 拟合方程 | R2 | 编号 | 组分 | 高度/cm | 拟合方程 | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LDSQ | 粉砂 | 0~100 | y=0.0084x-0.0497 | 0.7882 | BSQ | 中砂 | 0~100 | y=-0.1968x+54.476 | 0.8059 |
| 极细砂 | 0~100 | y=0.1592x+21.374 | 0.819 | 粗砂 | 0~10 | y=-0.282x+2.955 | 0.9291 | ||
| 细砂 | 0~20 | y=0.7564x+11.033 | 0.8228 | NLW | 黏粒 | 0~100 | y=0.1454x+0.2465 | 0.7482 | |
| 20~40 | y=-0.3898x+22.485 | 0.8592 | 极细砂 | 0~30 | y=-0.6239x+53.155 | 0.7308 | |||
| 40~100 | y=0.3685x-8.2935 | 0.8597 | 细砂 | 0~30 | y=0.6272x+4.774 | 0.7192 | |||
| 中砂 | 0~100 | y=-0.2424x+57.268 | 0.9105 | SS | 粉砂 | 0~30 | y=0.0239x+0.172 | 0.8826 | |
| 粗砂 | 0~10 | y=-0.9347x+12.788 | 0.8477 | 细砂 | 0~100 | y=0.1513x+12.428 | 0.7299 | ||
| 10~40 | y=0.4146x-0.6181 | 0.8968 | 粗砂 | 0~10 | y=-0.005x+0.074 | 0.8929 | |||
| 40~100 | y=-0.2295x+24.253 | 0.9124 | 10~30 | y=0.0053x-0.0261 | 0.9602 | ||||
| LZHM | 细砂 | 0~10 | y=1.7097x+7.632 | 0.9146 | NLW+SS | 黏粒 | 0~100 | y=0.0283x+0.2702 | 0.7001 |
| 40~100 | y=0.1966x+4.4669 | 0.9963 | 40~50 | y=0.09x-2.008 | 0.8293 | ||||
| 中砂 | 0~10 | y=-2.4307x+42.623 | 0.8229 | 50~100 | y=0.0098x+1.588 | 0.8414 | |||
| BSQ | 黏粒 | 0~100 | y=0.0298x-0.1838 | 0.8664 | 细砂 | 0~10 | y=1.4025x+10.557 | 0.7403 | |
| 0~50 | y=0.0386x-0.3931 | 0.8734 | 10~20 | y=-1.2811x+37.325 | 0.7488 | ||||
| 50~100 | y=0.0063x+1.5129 | 0.9344 | 20~100 | y=0.0532x+3.9605 | 0.725 | ||||
| 粉砂 | 0~100 | y=0.0234x+0.1862 | 0.8455 | 中砂 | 0~10 | y=-2.2855x+39.895 | 0.7138 | ||
| 极细砂 | 0~100 | y=0.1096x+42.213 | 0.7049 | 10~20 | y=3.14x-18.769 | 0.9417 | |||
| 细砂 | 0~100 | y=0.0389x+2.1763 | 0.7235 |
注:R2为决定系数。 |
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